基于最佳波段组合的高光谱遥感影像分类

针对高光谱数据维数高、数据量大、信息冗余多、波段相关性强等特点,在综合各种数据降维方法的基础上,提出一种基于最佳波段组合的高光谱遥感影像分类方法。以美国印第安纳州地区的AVIRIS数据为例,分析各波段信息量和相邻波段的相关性,利用子空间划分、分段波段指数选择法,进行特征波段的选择;并针对难区分地物类别,应用J-M距离模型对其可分性进行判别,获得最佳波段组合。最后采用支持向量机分类器进行分类。实验结果表明,采用最佳波段组合方法,可以有效地提高高光谱的分类精度。     

基于光谱重建的高光谱特征参数选择方法——以苏北地区Hyperion数据为例

高光谱遥感能提供数十至数百个窄波段的光谱信息,从而能够依据地物的诊断性光谱特征进行地物识别。然而,高光谱遥感在提供丰富光谱信息的同时,波段间的相关性和冗余性制约着高光谱遥感的应用。因此,特征参数选择是高光谱遥感分类中最关键的环节之一。首先讨论EO-1/Hyperion的传感器特征,并对其L1R数据进行辐射校正、去条纹、Smile效应纠正等预处理工作。其次利用从图像中提取的典型地物的光谱曲线,采用光谱重建理论获得用于逼近光谱曲线的基函数及其对应的光谱区间。然后采用逐步增加光谱区间,并调整波段中心位置和宽度的方法,得到稳定的光谱区间。最后将光谱区间内的几个原始高光谱波段合成一个宽的波段,得到几个较宽波段的仿真图像,并对其进行分类。结果表明,基于光谱重建的特征参数选择方法获得的分类,总体精度高达92%,充分说明了该方法的有效性。     

基于波段子集的独立分量分析的特征提取的高光谱遥感影像分类

针对高光谱影像数据具有波段众多、数据量较大的特点,本文提出了一种基于波段子集的独立分量分析(ICA)特征提取的高光谱遥感影像分类的新方法。以北京昌平小汤山地区的高光谱影像为例,根据高光谱遥感影像的相邻波段的相关性进行子空间划分,在各个波段子集上采用ICA算法进行特征提取,将各个子空间提取的特征合并组成特征向量,采用支持向量机(SVM)分类器进行分类。结果表明:该方法分类精度最佳(分类精度89.04%,Kappa系数0.8605,明显优于其它特征提取方法的SVM分类,有效地提高了高光谱数据的分类精度。     

高光谱遥感影像优化分类波段选择

利用粗糙集关于属性依赖性公式,本文给出一种定义遥感影像波段间相似度的方法。通过模糊聚类,得到对高光谱遥感影像原始波段集合的模糊等价划分。在每个模糊等价波段组中,选择一个代表性波段完成对原始波段集合的初步降维。基于遗传算法并结合粗糙集理论,在降维后的波段集合中进一步进行的分类波段组合的优化选择。实验结果表明,本文给出的高光谱遥感影像优化分类波段组合选择方法是非常有效的。     

基于无人机高光谱影像波段选择的薇甘菊分类

薇甘菊是危害最严重的外来入侵物种之一，其生长与传播极其迅速，对我国森林生态系统造成了严重破坏，相关管理部门需要一个有效的薇甘菊监测手段。传统人工调查方式需要投入大量的人力物力，成本高昂、效率低下；近年来快速发展的高光谱遥感技术为薇甘菊的监测提供了新思路。本文以无人机搭载的Nano-Hyperspec高光谱仪获取的广东省增城林场遥感影像数据为基础，对高光谱数据进行几何校正、影像降噪处理、辐射定标及坏带波段剔除等影像预处理；运用最佳指数因子法（OIF）、自适应波段法（ABS）、自动子空间划分（ASP）与自适应波段相结合的波段选择法（ASP+ABS）3种方法进行波段选择，获取信息量较大且波段间相关性较低的特征波段组成薇甘菊分类最佳波段组合，生成3幅遥感影像；最后采用支持向量机方法（SVM）对生成的3幅不同遥感影像进行分类，以分类结果的精度评价3种波段组合对薇甘菊高光谱特征的响应程度，选出更能反映薇甘菊的光谱特征的波段组合。试验结果表明，针对Nano-Hyperspec遥感影像数据，使用OIF波段选择法，研究区内薇甘菊的制图精度和用户精度分别为74.62%、66.52%；使用ABS波段选择法，研究区内薇甘菊的制图精度和用户精度分别为74.37%、67.43%；使用ASP+ABS波段选择法，研究区内薇甘菊的制图精度和用户精度分别达到95.98%、92.98%，分类精度最佳，相较OIF法中薇甘菊的制图精度和用户精度分别提高了21.35%、26.46%，相较ABS法中薇甘菊的制图精度和用户精度分别提高了17.15%、19.3%。可见，本文使用的子空间划分与自适应波段相结合的波段选择方法相较其他两种波段选择方法能更好地反映薇甘菊的光谱特征，可为薇甘菊监测提供有效的技术手段。     

高光谱遥感影像优化分类波段选择

利用粗糙集关于属性依赖性公式,本文给出一种定义遥感影像波段间相似度的方法,通过模糊聚类,得到对高光谱遥感影像原始波段集合的模糊等价划分,在每个模糊等价波段组中,选择一个代表性波段完成对原始波段集合的初步降维,基于遗传算法并结合粗糙集理论,在降维中的波段集合中进一步进行的分类波段组合的优化选择,实验结果表明,本文给出的高光谱遥感影像优化分类波段组合选择方法是非常有效的。     

变异系数降维的CNN高光谱遥感图像分类

为了实现地物精准分类,需要有效地提取与分析高光谱遥感图像中丰富的空—谱信息。提出一种适用于高光谱遥感图像分类的变异系数与卷积神经网络相结合(CV-CNN)的方法。这种新方法引入变异系数的思想来衡量高光谱遥感图像不同波段之间的相似性和差异性,从而提出类间变异系数(CVIE)和类内变异系数(CVIA)的概念。通过计算(CVIE)~2/CVIA的值来剔除高光谱遥感图像中的低效波段,然后提取每个像素的空一谱信息,并对其进行2维矩阵化操作,转化为便于卷积神经网络(CNN)输入的灰度图像,最后采用自行构建的适合于高光谱遥感图像分类的CNN模型进行分类。Indian Pines和Pavia University两组数据的实验结果表明,该方法在两种数据集下的总体精度分别达到98.69%和99.66%,有效地改善了高光谱遥感图像的分类精度。     

高光谱影像特征子集选择方法

针对高维遥感数据的降维困难问题,该文提出并构建了一种融合粒子群优化算法全局寻优能力和支持向量机优秀分类性能的高光谱遥感影像特征子集选择与分类方法。通过引入混沌优化搜索技术改进融合粒子群优化算法的全局寻优能力;提出并采用一种基于粒度的网格搜索策略对支持向量机模型参数进行优化;利用二进制融合粒子群优化算法进行特征选择;然后,支持向量机采用该特征子集所对应的训练数据集进行模型参数优化和分类。实验结果表明该方法能有效地提取出用于分类的最佳波段,具有较高的分类精度。为高光谱遥感影像的特征选择与分类探索出了一种可行的方法。     

利用可分离非负矩阵分解实现高光谱波段选择

高光谱影像波段众多且相关性强，导致分类存在信息冗余且计算量较大。提出了可分离非负矩阵分解方法来选取高光谱影像的代表性波段子集，在保证分类精度的同时降低计算量。该方法假设高光谱影像的波段集合具有可分离特性，改进传统非负矩阵分解模型，将波段选择转换为可分离非负矩阵分解问题，采用迭代投影方法来依次选取能够非负线性表达其他波段的代表性波段。在此基础上，利用两个公开高光谱数据集对比几种主流方法，采用定量评价和分类精度指标来综合评价所提的波段选择方法的效果。实验结果表明，可分离非负矩阵分解方法的分类精度高于其他几种方法，而且计算效率排名第2，能够选取合适的波段子集以满足高光谱遥感的应用需求。     

特征变换的延安建筑物提取研究

针对高空间分辨率卫星遥感数据多光谱波段数较少和原始波段组合光谱特征利用有限等问题,该文提出了一种基于特征变换的建筑物信息提取方法。以陕西省延安市宝塔地区为研究区,基于快鸟数据采取特征变换、波段选择、数据融合等解决高空间分辨率原始光谱特征利用有限等问题,采用知识规则的面向对象分类方法进行建筑物识别研究。实验表明,缨帽变换波段能有效地突出建筑物信息,4种融合算法中主成分变换融合适用进一步面向对象分类,建筑物识别的总体精度达到89.3%。此方法能有效识别沿坡脚或滑坡体分散分布的建筑物,为快速获取居民空间分布信息和辅助灾害应急评估等提供参考。     

Band Selection and Dimension Estimation for Hyperspectral Imagery—a New Approach Based on Invasive Weed Optimization

Currently, hyperspectral images have potential applications in many scientific areas due to the high spectral resolution. Extracting suitable and adequate bands/features from high dimensional data is a crucial task to classify such data. To overcome this issue, dimension reduction techniques have direct effects to improve the efficiency of classifiers on hyperspectral images. One common approach for decreasing the dimensionality is the feature/band selection by considering the optimum dimensionality of the hyperspectral imagery. In this paper, a new method was proposed to select optimal band for classification application, based on a metaheuristic Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) algorithm. In this regard, the K-nearest neighbour (K-NN) technique was used as the classifier. Moreover, as a by-product of our band selection method, a new method was proposed to estimate an optimum dimension of the reduced hyperspectral images for better classification. Experimental results over three real-world hyperspectral datasets clearly showed that the proposed IWO-based band selection algorithm of this study led to the significant progress in selecting suitable bands for classification applications and estimation of optimum dimensionality of these datasets. In this regard, the overall accuracy (OA) of classification of the proposed IWO-based band selection algorithm was 92.02, 93.57, and 89.72 % for each dataset, respectively. Moreover, results reveal the superiority of the proposed IWO-based band selection algorithm against the other algorithms including GA, SA, ACO, and PSO for band selection purpose.     

A band selection technique for spectral classification

In hyperspectral remote sensing, sensors acquire reflectance values at many different wavelength bands, to cover a complete spectral interval. These measurements are strongly correlated, and no new information might be added when increasing the spectral resolution. Moreover, the higher number of spectral bands increases the complexity of a classification task. Therefore, feature reduction is a crucial step. An alternative would be to choose the required sensor bands settings a priori. In this letter, we introduce a statistical procedure to provide band settings for a specific classification task. The proposed procedure selects wavelength band settings which optimize the separation between the different spectral classes. The method is applicable as a band reduction technique, but it can as well serve the purpose of data interpretation or be an aid in sensor design. Results on a vegetation classification task show an improvement in classification performance over feature selection and other band selection techniques.     

面向土地利用分类的HJ-1 CCD影像最佳分形波段选择

环境一号卫星（HJ-1）CCD影像光谱波段较少,地物之间的准确分类识别有一定困难。采用分形纹理辅助地物分类识别是一种有效方法,而波段选择是提高分类识别精度的关键。本文以江西赣州定南县土地利用分类为例,采用双毯覆盖模型对HJ卫星CCD影像6类典型地物的波谱分形特征进行了分析,利用不同地物在不同波段上的分形区分度差异构建了最佳分形波段选择模型,并利用该模型挑选出最佳分形波段来辅助土地利用分类,最后对分类结果进行检验。结果表明：最佳分形波段选择模型能够综合权衡不同地物在不同波段上的分形区分度差异,利用挑选出来的最佳分形波段来辅助分类,其分类总体精度相对于原始影像分类提高了11.77%,相对于第1主成分分形辅助下的分类提高了1.56%。     

A Multiple SVM System for Classification of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data

With recent technological advances in remote sensing sensors and systems, very high-dimensional hyperspectral data are available for a better discrimination among different complex land-cover classes. However, the large number of spectral bands, but limited availability of training samples creates the problem of Hughes phenomenon or ‘curse of dimensionality’ in hyperspectral data sets. Moreover, these high numbers of bands are usually highly correlated. Because of these complexities of hyperspectral data, traditional classification strategies have often limited performance in classification of hyperspectral imagery. Referring to the limitation of single classifier in these situations, Multiple Classifier Systems (MCS) may have better performance than single classifier. This paper presents a new method for classification of hyperspectral data based on a band clustering strategy through a multiple Support Vector Machine system. The proposed method uses the band grouping process based on a modified mutual information strategy to split data into few band groups. After the band grouping step, the proposed algorithm aims at benefiting from the capabilities of SVM as classification method. So, the proposed approach applies SVM on each band group that is produced in a previous step. Finally, Naive Bayes (NB) as a classifier fusion method combines decisions of SVM classifiers. Experimental results on two common hyperspectral data sets show that the proposed method improves the classification accuracy in comparison with the standard SVM on entire bands of data and feature selection methods.     

高光谱图像子空间的波段选择

为降低高光谱遥感数据光谱空间的冗余度,提出一种快速的波段选择方法。该方法在波段子空间下进行,依次选择各子空间中方差最大的波段作为初始波段,设定目标函数,然后逐子空间替换波段使得目标性能更加优化,直至没有替换可以使得目标更优为止。在两个公开高光谱影像数据集上对比3种常用波段选择方法(ABC、AP、ABS)来验证提出方法的有效性,实验结果表明:(1)在印第安纳数据上,本文方法与ABC、AP、ABS所选波段子集相比平均相关性分别降低22.04%、52.61%、55.71%,最佳指数分别提高0.58%、51.73%、0.95%,总体分类精度分别提高0.16%、1.39%、23.07%,在搜索效率上与同类型的ABC方法相比提高6.61%—69.02%;(2)在帕维亚大学数据上,本文方法与ABC、AP、ABS所选波段子集相比平均相关性分别降低2.38%、0.51%、32.83%,最佳指数分别提高1.34%、17.97%、12.92%,总体分类精度分别提高0.31%、0.69%、8.53%,在搜索效率上与同类型的ABC方法相比提高19.13%—86.34%。本文提出的波段选择方法能够选择合适的波段子集满足不同的应用需要,是一种有效的波段选择方法。     

鲁棒多特征谱聚类的高光谱影像波段选择

传统谱聚类的高光谱影像波段选择模型中,采用的波段相似矩阵受到噪声或异常值的影响且仅能表征波段的单一相似特征,导致波段子集的选取结果受到限制.本文从波段选择的目的 出发,提出鲁棒多特征谱聚类方法,整合多个特征的波段相似矩阵来形成综合相似矩阵以解决上述问题.该方法假设4种相似性度量包括光谱信息散度、光谱角度距离、波段相关性...     

Band selection based on feature weighting for classification of hyperspectral data

A new feature weighting method for band selection is presented, which is based on the pairwise separability criterion and matrix coefficients analysis. Through decorrelation of each class by principal component transformation, the criterion value of any band subset is the summations of the values of individual bands of it for the transformed feature space, and thus the computation amounts of calculating criteria of each band combinations are reduced. Following it, the corresponding matrix coefficients analysis is done to assign weights to original bands. As feature weighting considers little about the spectral correlation, the redundant bands are removed by choosing those with lower correlation coefficients than a preset threshold. Hyperspectral data classification experiments show the effectiveness of the new band selection method.     

Visual method for spectral band selection

We present a new method for performing band selection experiments with spectral data. This method allows for the visual inspection and assessment of the experiment results, and includes a statistical significance test. The method follows a standard feature selection approach in which a multivariate distance measure is used as a figure of merit in a search-optimization procedure. For this letter, we have chosen the Jeffries-Matusita distance between each sample and its immediate background. The band selection methodology uses either an exhaustive search over all possible combinations of 1-4 bands or sequential forward selection. To analyze the band selection results, we count the number of times that each band is selected as a member of the best set by the protocol, and we plot the results as a band frequency histogram. This allows us to visually discern spectral patterns that are not evident otherwise, and thus better assess the utility of each spectral band. We can compute band frequency histograms over individual classes of samples or over groups of classes. In addition, we can compute a significance statistic that gives us the probability that a given histogram is not the result of random band selection outcomes.     

Band Selection for Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Mutual Information

Spectral band selection is a fundamental problem in hyperspectral data processing. In this letter, a new band-selection method based on mutual information (MI) is proposed. MI measures the statistical dependence between two random variables and can therefore be used to evaluate the relative utility of each band to classification. A new strategy is described to estimate the MI using a priori knowledge of the scene, reducing reliance on a "ground truth" reference map, by retaining bands with high associated MI values (subject to the so-called "complementary" conditions). Simulations of classification performance on 16 classes of vegetation from the AVIRIS 92AV3C data set show the effectiveness of the method, which outperforms an MI-based method using the associated reference map, an entropy-based method, and a correlation-based method. It is also competitive with the steepest ascent algorithm at much lower computational cost