自动气象站数据文件格式错误诊断与统计分析

观测资料一体化业务发展对数据连续性、时效性、一致性具有较高要求,强化数据质量控制、数据分析、设备运行监控和维护维修尤为重要。依据地面气象观测业务和自动气象站运行特点,应用2010～2011年中国气象局综合气象观测系统运行监控平台和安徽省级监控平台对81套国家级自动气象站运行效能指标,分析了未到报、数据文件格式错误和数据错误三者对自动气象站观测资料可用性的影响,针对数据文件第2行缺少一个字节等格式错误统计特征,研究了出现数据文件格式错误与定时观测人机交互操作时间的定量化关系,得到了定时观测人机交互操作阈值时间>45s。为提高自动气象站观测数据文件解析的正确率,提出了相关可行的解决措施。     

表分区技术在自动气象站数据存储中的应用

针对大数据量的自动气象站观测数据访问性能低和维护成本高的问题,通过利用SQL Server 2005表分区技术,选取观测时间字段作为分区依据列,分别创建文件组、分区函数和分区方案,建立分区表和分区索引,解决了自动气象站海量数据存储和高效访问的问题。实践表明采用水平方式表分区技术,能够显著提高用户对大型表读写性能和降低系统管理员对数据库表的维护成本,提高数据库系统运行效率。     

地面气象要素质量控制方法研究发展现状

气象观测资料质量对气象及相关领域的研究具有重要影响,气象观测资料质量控制的重要性已经被所有使用气象资料的科学家所公认。主要根据近些年来国内外关于地面气象要素质量控制方法的相关研究,简要介绍了中国在逐步实现自动化观测的基础上取得的一些成果。     

CAWS600型自动气象站地温故障的诊断与处理

自动气象站仪器设备的维护和保障是地面气象观测业务运行中的一项重要工作。为了能快速、准确地诊断并处理自动气象站地温故障,确保自动气象站平稳、高效运行,按照CAWS600型自动气象站地温数据采集逆向的故障诊断原则,依次对自动气象站软件参数设置、通信系统、RS232数据采集器、防雷板及信号电缆、地温变送器和地温传感器6个环节进行故障诊断,并依次介绍相应故障的处理方法。在业务运行中,地温故障的诊断和处理存在较大难度,主要是由于缺乏全面系统的诊断方法,结果表明,采用与地温数据采集逆向的故障诊断和处理方法能快速、准确地诊断和处理地温故障。     

气象实时数据库服务监控系统设计与实现

实时数据库是气象信息部门针对预测预报及相关业务开发的重要数据服务系统,是确保从观测到预报业务流程按时高效完成的重要基础性数据支撑环境。提出气象实时数据库业务监控系统的通用设计开发原则和设计架构,并针对服务监控的特点,分析架构的优势和可扩展性。基于服务监控架构开发了气象实时数据库监控系统RDBCat,系统综合考虑实时数据库系统的设计与功能、性能特点,对入库情况、关键进程运行状态、商用关系数据库系统故障信息、入库流程、系统资源、数据质量监测等实时运行状态的展示,并提供各省入库详情的查询。目前,系统投入业务稳定运行至今,尤其在奥运会、国庆五十周年、亚运会等重大活动服务保障方面,取得良好业务保障效果。     

基于小波变换的GPS水汽与气象要素相关性分析

利用北京市GPS连续观测资料结合气象资料开展GPS水汽与气象要素的相关性分析。首先使用GAMIT软件解算2009-06-01~2012-04-30的北京GPS连续观测网观测数据并结合气压数据获得测站水汽序列;然后用小波变换方法对GPS水汽、温度和气压数据进行分解与重构,并对重构后的数据进行相关性分析。GPS水汽序列的变化趋势与温度呈显著正相关,与气压呈显著负相关。水汽和气压存在年周期和半年周期变化,两者存在显著负相关特性;温度有年周期变化,水汽和温度在d13重构结果的相关性最好,存在显著正相关特性。     

我国对南极大气科学研究初获成果

我国在1985年首次南极综合考察期间,气象工作者在长城站进行了地面气象要素、高空风、辐射、卫星云图接收、雷达回波分析、大气化学成份和气溶胶采样分析等综合性观测和分析。所获资料虽然最长仅一年,但这是我国气象工作者第一次获得由我们搜集到的第一手的南极气象情报,来之不易,极为宝贵。经气象考察人员的初步分析和研究,已撰写了内容包括:“南极地区天气和水文分析预报”“气象要素变化特征”“大气结构及辐射状况”     

地面气象观测硬件集成系统中以太网光纤收发器硬件设计

为了集成云、能见度、天气现象等新型地面自动化观测设备,中国气象局提出了硬件集成系统设计方案,文中主要解决硬件集成系统和计算机之间的通信。根据硬件集成系统设计方案,介绍了基于光纤以太网专用芯片(KS8995MAI)的多模以太网光纤收发器硬件设计方法,此收发器通过一对光纤可以将自动气象站数据、新型观测仪器等多种传感器数据经过光纤以太网统一发送到终端计算机。测试结果表明:方案实现了气象观测数据大容量、远距离的传输。     

全国极端气温事件的空间关联模式挖掘研究

根据全国739个气象台站1961年1月至2005年12月的逐日气象数据记录建立时空序列数据集,提取极端高温事件和极端低温事件。结合传统关联规则挖掘技术和地理空间数据分析方法,对极端气温事件数据集进行了空间关联模式的分析。实验结果显示,所得空间关联模式中涉及的区域在空间上具有明显的聚集性;在东北、华中两个局部地区的台站中,极端气温事件的发生存在较强的关联规则(支持度阈值6%,置信度阈值95%),而在其他区域的台站中,极端气温事件不存在类似的关联规则,且极端高温事件的关联规则数量要明显高于极端低温事件。对存在关联规则的台站进行空间分析发现,同一关联规则内的各台站具有空间邻近性,其邻近范围约为200 km。以上空间关联模式的挖掘分析,可以为我国极端气温事件的预警和防控提供有价值的参考。     

怀化自动气象站与人工观测气象要素对比分析

对地面测报中自动气象站和人工观测资料的对比研究分析,并探讨了两者差异的形成原因。利用2009~2010年怀化自动气象站和人工观测的20时气压、风向风速、温度、湿度、地温等资料数据,采用对比差值、一致率和风向相符率等方法进行统计对比分析,得到了以下结论:两种观测方式的观测数据虽然有一定差异,但是在允许的精度范围内,其中相对湿度、地面温度对比差值较大、一致率略偏低。结果分析证明:除仪器的性能和工作原理造成的差异外,观测环境的变化、人为操作和特殊的天气现象也是造成差异的重要原因。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied