波谱分析法在油气地球化学勘探中的应用研究

利用空间地球化学数据波谱分析技术,可以获得更为丰富的地球化学信息,以便从多个层面认识研究区的地球化学特征,从而能把握各种信息中所包含的与油气相关的实质性内容,较为准确地提取油气异常信息,客观地预测油气远景区.研究表明,波谱分析的低频分析结果通常给出地球化学场的主特征轮廓,中频滤波结果与油气田有较好的吻合性.高频滤波结果反映的是难以认识的浅表效应和噪声信息.很好地利用低频和中频滤波结果,结合不同频率域的滤波结果,能较为准确地提取油气异常信息.     

硅酸盐岩石分析50年

评述了硅酸盐岩石分析在过去的50年中的主要进展。其中包括化学快速分析、仪器分析、痕量元素分析、微区分析和硅酸盐标准物质研制。     

流动注射分极及其在地质样品痕量元素测试中的应用

简述了流动注射分析方法的发展及其特点,介绍了流动注射在线分析技术,包括流动注射－原子光谱法、流动注射－分光光度法和流动注射－电化学分析法等联用技术在地质样品分析中的应用情况。     

电子探针分析在地学中的应用

电子探针分析在矿物、岩石、地球化学和矿床研究中已成为一种不可缺少的成分分析测试与表面形貌观察手段,它把矿物光性观察结果同微观化学成分变化联系起来,使地质研究工作更加深入。电子探针分折的主要特点是可在光片或薄片上直接测定几立方微米区域内的化学组成,可探测元素范围从B～U;能进行点、线、面分析,以了解组成的变化;可观察二次电子、背散射电子、吸收电子,X射线和Y调制等多种图像,放大倍数从几十到十万倍;分析速度快,且一般不损伤试样。分析的灵敏度除了仪器性能外,还与实验条件、试样组成和所要测的元素有关。微区分     

通榆县边昭镇中低产田改造可行性分析

依据白城市农业发展项目办的要求,与通榆县边昭镇中低产田的实际情况,分别从项目建设的必要性和可行性、水资源评价与供需平衡、工程设计内容、效益分析和项目组织管理等几个方面对该项目进行可行性分析.     

流动注射分析

一、前言传统的湿化学分析方法同烧杯、试管、比色计、滴定管以及实验人员的手工操作等分不开。传统的容量分析和比色分析方法有许多沿用至今。尽管它存在操作手续繁琐,耗时费力,分析结果的可靠性也过多地依赖工作人员的素质等缺点,但它仍是分析化学的基础。特别是在标准参考物质的定值工作、标定操作以及标准分析方法的验证工作等方面,都还离不开化学分析。但是到了七十年     

小波细菌的微分特征及其在重力场断裂分析中的应用

利用小波细节的微分特征对重力场进行断裂分析。理论分析和模型计算结果表明，小波细节具有水平一阶导数的特征，利用该特征对地质体边界的重力场进行小波变换，并结合频谱分析方法估算重力场小波的场源深度，由此可获得不同深度上断裂的空间位场及特征。与传统的向上延拓和求水平一阶导数来分析断裂的方法相比，该方法克服了向上延拓异常特征模糊化，使重力场的断裂分析更加准确和可靠。应用该方法分析了东秦岭地区的断裂分布。     

PD－1／2型特种自控吸液仪在松散沉积物颗粒分析中的应用

本文综合多年分析经验，运用现代分析手段，简述ＰＤ－１／２型特种自控吸液仪和微机数据处理在冰碛物颗粒分析中的应用，认为此仪器在各类沉积物的颗粒分析上，能提高工效和质量。用计算机进行数据处理，并使用新的计算方法，能提高数据的分析精度。公式的修正和分析方法的改进能减少误差。     

浅议痕量分析中的污染源

关于痕量分析的污染问题已有许多文献作为全面阐述，本文主要介绍笔者在分析测试和方法研究中遇到的一些现象与解决的途径。     

波长色散X射线荧光分析的新发展

除了继续发展波长色散X射线荧光分析装置在主、次量元素分析上高精度、高稳定性的固有特点之外，进一步提高灵敏度，使分析范围扩展到痕量分析；开拓微区面分布的元素成像分析；进一步对传统分析因难的轻元素和中、重金属元素的探讨，开发新的高级次谱线分析方法；适应新材料特别是纳米材料的分析要求，对薄膜分析的开拓等方面，已经有了长足的发展。在介绍商品化的分析装置方面的发展状况的同时，对无标样分析的基本参数法目前发展状况也做了介绍。     

Effect of the Blocking Water and Limiting Discharge and Surrounding Rock Permeability on the Stability of Subsea Tunnel

The influence of the sealing degree of the lining structure and the permeability of surrounding rock on the stability of the tunnel has always been the main topic concerned by the relevant engineering researchers. Based on the research background of the tunnel project of Qingdao metro line 1 and the in-depth analysis of the existing research results, this paper makes a systematic analysis and research on the influence mechanism of the sealing degree of the lining structure and the permeability of surrounding rock on the stability of the tunnel by the numerical simulation. The results show that the safety coefficient of each part of lining structure decreases with the increasing degree of tunnel sealing, which is manifested by the increase of the settlement of the vault and the convergence of the arch foot. In addition, the stability of surrounding rock becomes worse with the increase of permeability coefficient of surrounding rock, which means the higher pore pressure and larger displacement of rock around the chamber. At the same time, the influence of the sealing degree of the lining structure on the stability of the tunnel will increase with the permeability of the surrounding rock. The works in this paper have guiding significance for the construction of submarine tunnel under different characteristics of surrounding rock and the selection of sealing degree of lining structure.

     

Scientific fundamentals and ways of realization of the general scheme of population distribution in the USSR

The paper describes the current stage of transformation of the residential distribution system in the USSR, the state policy in the field of urban development, the tasks facing Soviet architects and the way to their solution. The state policy in the field of residential distribution and urban development provides for: the systematic and scientifically substantiated distribution of production and human settlements on the basis of coordinated development and distribution of productive forces and the perfecting of the systems of residential distribution; the utilization, improvement and protection of landscape; the restriction of the growth of very large cities and development of the network of small and medium towns; the transformation of villages into modern well-organized settlements of the collective and state farms and the elimination of the existing distinctions between town and country; the regular development and distribution of towns and settlements in different geographical zones and most favourable natural-and-economic regions of the USSR; the overcoming of irregular population distribution in the European and Asiatic parts of the USSR; the formation of group-systems of human settlements on the basis of big urban agglomerations and territorial-industrial complexes; the development of new territories through land improvement. Basic attention in the report is paid to the consideration of the master scheme of residential distribution in the USSR, its scientific fundamentals, main purposes and tasks. The analysis of the decisive factors and of the main trends of the development of the systems of human settlements for a long-term perspective is given. The master scheme of residential distribution contemplates the systematic development on the USSR territory of different human settlements contributing, to a maximum degree, to the achievement of the objectives of socialist construction, to the creation of most favourable conditions for the people's work, life and rest, to the development and intensification of social production taking into account objective tendencies of urbanization and the effective use of forecasted urban development resources. The realization of the master scheme of residential distribution will allow to fully take into account the economic, ecological and demographic requirements in the elaboration and realization of the plans of development of production and residential distribution aimed at the rise of the living standard of the Soviet people.     

黄河口水沙过程变异及其对河口海岸造陆的影响

采用实测资料分析和理论探讨的方法,研究了黄河口海岸造陆与水沙过程变异的关系.研究结果表明:黄河口陆域来水来沙是海岸造陆的基础,来水来沙越大,造陆面积越大,水沙过程变异后,由于水沙的急剧减少,黄河口海岸造陆速度减缓,典型岸段严重蚀退造陆面积也大幅减小;尾闾河道萎缩对海岸造陆影响较大,萎缩越严重,越不利于海岸的造陆发育.运用多元回归分析建立了黄河口海岸造陆水沙临界综合关系式,可供科学调控来水来沙实施黄河口海岸防护过程中参考.     

Distinctive structural features of magmatic complexes of the central type associated with ring faults

On the basis of a study of a large quantity of deep-seated xenoliths from the kimberlites of the Malo-Botuobuya, Daldyn-Alakit, Upper Muna, and Lower Olenek regions of Yakutia, we have discussed the distribution of the ultrabasic rocks and eclogites in the kimberlite pipes both on the basis of petrographic composition, and also on depth facies, and a comparison is presented of the mineral composition of the deep-seated inclusions and of the amounts of defined types of xenoliths with the diamond capacity of the kimberlites. The conclusion has been reached that: 1. the amounts of inclusions of deep-seated rocks vary significantly not only in kimberlites from the various diamond fields, but also in the pipes of a single diamond-bearing region; 2. the composition of the ultrabasic rocks and eclogites of the diamond-bearing pipes is distinguished from that of the inclusions of the non-diamond kimberlites in these rocks; and 3. the diamond capacity of the kimberlites has been determined by the depth of occurrence of the magmatic focus and the velocity of uprise (intrusion) of the melt during the formation of the kimberlitic diatremes —Authors.     

Numerical subarea of sensitive zone of monitoring variable of landslides to fluctuation of water level of Three Gorges Reservoir — a case of Xietan Landslide

In the period of impounding and running of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the sensitive degrees of change of groundwater table and displacement to the fluctuation of water level are different in different parts of landslides induced by the fluctuation of water level (as the case of Xietan Landslide). According to the relationship between different sensitive degrees of monitoring variables (underground water level and displacement) and quantity of monitoring information, the sensitive zones of groundwater table and displacement to the fluctuation of reservoir water level are divided into different degrees by the approach of fuzzy pattern recognition. The result of numerical subarea of sensitive zone of groundwater table and displacement indicates that the middle and front part of the landslide are the main places with groundwater table affected by the fluctuation of water level of reservoir; the variation of horizontal displacement of surficial part of the middle and front part of the landslide is more sensitive to water impounding and sudden fall of water level; and with the increase of elevation and depth of the landslide, the horizontal displacement changes less and less; the change of vertical displacement of surficial parts of the landslide is most sensitive to the fluctuation of water level of Three Gorges Reservoir; and with the increase of depth, the change of vertical displacement become smaller and smaller. By the means of the numerical subarea regulation of Xietan Landslide, the suggestions to the point layout for monitoring the groundwater table and displacement in the landside of Three Gorges Reservoir are put forward.     

近铁路基坑通风井段变形特征及其机制分析

针对长春某地下车站深基坑工程,深入研究了基坑开挖过程中近铁路侧通风井段险情的发生过程及其致险机制。通过分析通风井附近桩身水平位移、桩顶水平位移、支撑轴力以及铁路道轨两侧路肩沉降差,探讨了通风井段基坑变形过大的原因;采用ABAQUS有限元软件对该基坑的施工过程进行数值模拟,分析了通风井段基坑施工险情的发生机制。研究结果表明,通风井段基坑变形过大是由岩土体过度应力释放和基坑变形空间效应共同作用导致。由于通风井处阳角的存在,且施工过程中通风井段基坑未架设斜撑,致使该处基坑变形的空间效应显著,坑壁产生指向通风井的扭转变形;开挖速度过快、支撑安装不及时和岩土体中过度应力释放导致围护桩变形过大,使基坑的稳定性变差。     

Einige der wichtigsten raum- und zeitabhängigen Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Freisetzung von seismischer Energie der Erde

The paper deals with the distribution of main earthquakes of the world by local solar time counted out from the moment of the lower culmination of the sun, and by local lunar time counted out from the moment of the upper culmination of the moon relative to the meridian of the focus of earthquake. The uniplanetary seismic (and thereby in a definite sense also the modern tectonic) activity is in a close and distinct connection with the conditions of cosmic life of the earth, separate regions of which are in a close reciprocal coordination defining the seismic energy yield now in one, now in another time. The distribution of the strongest earthquakes (the number of them and especially their energies), which depict the basic seismic picture of the earth, is entirely distinctly coordinated by the mechanism of cosmic interactions. And here very strict regularities are revealed. Each main seismic region of the earth corresponds on the map of time to definite and typical zones of intensification of seismic activity and to the zones of sharp attenuation of this activity (seismic depressive zones). The map of time is as if divided by different seismic regions into spheres of influence. The sphere of influence of one region is often almost prohibited for the other one. This firstly relates to the upper structurehypsometric storey of the planet, to the earth's crust and to its underlying mantle, which contributes 4/5 of the whole seismic energy of the planet. The localization of the high seismic activity of the separate regions only at definite, strictly outlined plots of the map of time indicates the strict uniplanetary coordination of the planet's seismic energy yield.     

山东招远市界河金矿床矿体定位规律及定位预测

随着我国资源危机矿山的不断增多,生产矿山探边摸底、增储延寿的矿体定位规律及定位预测研究工作已成为当前矿产勘查工作中的一项重要内容.从矿体一般产出特征、矿体倒伏特征分析、矿体在垂向延深上的变化特征以及矿区含矿下限判定等几方面入手,对界河金矿床的矿体定位规律进行了研究,在此基础上进行了成功的定位预测探索,取得了较好的经济实效     

沂沭断裂中段莱阳群浊积地层的特征及意义

沂沭断裂中段的石场—中楼一带,存在受北北东向断裂控制的早白垩世莱阳群火山碎屑岩系。沉积厚度大于６２６３．７１ｍ,主体为火山碎屑浊积岩,层序结构以间断不完整的鲍马序列为主,形成于沂沭断裂强烈活动的构造背景。在综合盆地边界断裂的构造形迹、盆地沉积中心的迁移状态以及浊积地层沉积特征的基础上,讨论了莱阳群浊积地层形成与郯庐断裂早白垩世走滑运动的关系。     

螺旋群桩基础承载性状试验研究

根据螺旋群桩现场静载试验结果,分析了螺旋群桩基础承载性状的影响因素,讨论了极限荷载下群桩几何参数对螺旋群桩的桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力的影响。结果表明,螺旋群桩承载性状受到相邻桩的叶片距离以及首层叶片到承台底面间的桩长度影响明显。在叶片桩距比（桩间距比叶片直径）小于2时,螺旋群桩静载试验的荷载-位移曲线呈缓变形,无明显的拐点,群桩破坏属于整体破坏。同时,螺旋桩的叶片有助于减小承台下桩间土变形活动区的高度,增强了桩-土-承台的相互作用,减小了群桩基础沉降量。