中国大陆科学钻探预先导孔的测井解释

在分布有超高压变质带的钻孔中,利用测井方法分析研究变质岩的特性,初步找出了不同变质岩体各测井参数的响应规律,这为中国大陆科学钻探主孔的测井研究提供了经验.     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔榴辉岩的分类及测井识别

榴辉岩是中国大陆科学钻探主孔的主要岩性之一, 分布在3245m之上.根据测井响应特征, 如自然伽玛、密度、中子孔隙度等, 可以很好地区分榴辉岩与主孔的其他岩类.由于主孔榴辉岩具有不同的矿物成分、全岩化学成分和测井响应特征, 这为进一步详细划分榴辉岩亚类奠定了基础.从原岩的起源、氧化物含量、次要矿物等3个角度对主孔榴辉岩进行分类, 研究了基于多元统计学的榴辉岩亚类的测井识别方法; 利用该方法对重构的11种榴辉岩亚类进行测井评价, 将可以利用测井资料识别的榴辉岩亚类归并为6种; 根据对榴辉岩亚类的识别结果, 将主孔中榴辉岩划分为20个层段, 分析了各种榴辉岩亚类在主孔中的深度分布特征, 为地学研究提供了资料.      

根据常规测井曲线重建CCSD主孔榴辉岩井段氧化物剖面

以榴辉岩为例,探讨了根据常规测井曲线重建中国大陆科学钻探工程(CCSD)主孔氧化物剖面的方法,着重讨论和对比了消除或减小测井曲线中高频噪声的滤波方法,并采用经Lowess和五点平滑滤波后的测井曲线与岩芯实验室分析数据进行了多元逐步回归分析,建立了氧化物测井响应方程,进而重建了CCSD主孔100～1 100 m井段榴辉岩的氧化物剖面,为高精度岩性剖面的重建打下了基础,并为地质与地球物理综合研究提供了新的基础资料.     

大陆科学钻探测井岩石物理参数的提取

岩石物性及其物理参数的研究与提取,对于测井资料的综合解释具有重要的现实意义。岩石物性及其物理参数提取得准确与否,直接关系到测井资料综合解释的可靠性、准确性和精确性。通过对测井资料的分析、归纳,提取了识别中国大陆科学钻探预先导孔Ⅱ所钻遇18种不同岩性的岩石物理参数,为后续的测井解释研究工作提供了基础。     

黄陵矿区香坊详查中地球物理测井方法的选取

黄陵矿区位于陕西省黄陵县境内，香坊详查区位于矿区深部。地球物理测井方法是本区详查阶段运用的主要地球物理勘探方法，如何有效地选取测井方法并确定解释原则显得尤为重要。本文详细地介绍了该区所布设的基准试验孔的情况，并对基准试验孔测井资料进行了综合分析研究。详细地阐述了根据基准孔确定的有效测井方法、煤层分层定厚原则、地层界面划分原则、测井工作的技术条件，为在本区开展有效的地球物理测井工作提供了充分依据和基础资料。实践证明这些选取原则对邻近井田开展地球物理测井工作具有很好的借鉴作用。     

于都 赣县矿集区科学钻探NLSD 1孔超声波成像 测井响应特征及其深部找矿意义

NLSD-1孔是南岭地区第一口科学钻探孔,也是目前我国金属矿区最深的科学钻探工程之一,终孔深度达到2967.83m。为了精细刻画矿集区深部结构框架、揭示深部矿化带分布特征和建立深部找矿地球物理解释标尺,提高对深部成矿规律的认识,该孔在钻进过程中实施了连续取芯,并且进行了多种地球物理测井和井中物探方法的测量。超声波成像测井是一种先进的测井技术,包含丰富的原位地质特征信息,在油气勘探中常用于井旁地质构造和地应力分析。本文将超声波成像测井应用于金属矿区科学钻探中,对NLSD-1孔采集到的超声波成像测井资料进行了研究,认为成像测井图像能够精细刻画孔壁裂缝、破碎带等地质特征,同样适合于金属矿勘查中的井旁构造解释;主要矿化层(409~429m、430~446m、621~641m、655~666m、679~691m、696~706m、744~759m、776~788m、907~921m、1031~1042m、1081~1090m、1430~1439m、1440~1448m等)均发育裂缝或破碎带,表明测井结果对矿化层埋深具有指示作用,并且揭示钻孔附近矿化层具有西浅东深的空间展布特征;根据裂缝产状的垂向变化,推断F1断层过NLSD-1孔深度范围为1375.32~1380.79m;此外,裂缝与孔斜关系的研究对钻孔纠斜具有指导意义。研究结果表明超声波成像测井在深部找矿中能够发挥重要作用。     

藏南泽当科学钻探ZDSD-1孔超声成像测井解释

ZDSD-1孔是"大陆科学钻探选址与钻探实验"项目在罗布莎铬铁矿区科学钻探实验区部署的第三口科学钻探孔,终孔深度1 486.86 m,全孔实施了连续取芯和综合地球物理测井作业。采集到的超声成像测井资料包含丰富的井壁地质特征信息,对裂缝、破碎带识别和构造应力场分析具有重要作用。通过对超声成像测井资料的研究,在超声成像测井图上裂缝多表现为宽度变化明显的暗色条带特征;破碎带多表现为杂乱的暗色或黑色斑块,地层破碎严重时则呈大段的暗色或黑色条带;井壁崩落表现为一组近180°对称分布的暗色或黑色垂直条带或斑块。通过对20组井壁崩落方位的统计,推断ZDSD-1孔现今最大水平主应力方位为40.3°~218.4°。     

中国大陆科学钻探工程的科学目标及初步成果

中国大陆科学钻探工程的主孔位于苏鲁超高压变质带南部的东海县，其穿过的岩石曾位于板块会聚边界的地幔深处，是研究大陆深俯冲及地幔动力学的最佳地区。中国大陆科学钻探的科学目标旨在通过对钻孔中获取的全部连续岩心、液态和气态样品及原位测井数据进行的全方位测量与综合研究，建立5000m孔深的各类多学科精细剖面，再造北中国板块与扬子板块会聚边界深部三维物质的组成和分布及三维结构构造；阐明板块会聚边缘的深部流体作用、壳一幔相互作用及地幔中物质循环和流变学；寻找超深地幔条件下形成的特征矿物，揭示超高压变质成矿机理；建立结晶岩地区地球物理理论模型和解释标尺；揭示超高压变质岩石的形成与折返模型及板块会聚边界的深部动力学机制。通过5km深孔营造的特殊地下空问，研究现代地壳的物理、化学及生物作用，并将建立亚洲第一个大陆科学钻探深孔长期观察实验站。中国大陆科学钻探工程已取得初步成果。主孔2000m岩心的深度和方位准确归位；建立了岩性、地球化学、构造、矿化、岩石物性、地下流体及各类测井等精细剖面；揭示了发现除超镁铁质岩外的各类岩石中的柯石英；通过SHRIMP测年准确确定超高压及退变质事件的年龄；初步揭示了超高压及退变质过程中流体的变化及水一岩作用；划分了构造岩片单元，确定了其边界的韧性剪切带性质，并发现早期构造信息；建立的随岩性变化的弹性波速度和热导率连续剖面对地震反射和热结构提供了岩石物性的制约；VSP地震剖面揭示了孔区深部的构造岩片结构，以及强地震反射层和大型韧性剪切带有关；发现地下特殊气体一甲烷、二氧化碳及氦气的异常，以及气体异常越往深部越频繁出现的规律。经DNA分析，在超高压岩心中发现在极端条件下形成的微生物。     

中国大陆科学钻探CCSD-1井0～2000米测井曲线井深自动校正

中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔CCSD 1井第一阶段0~2 000m钻进完成后,前后2次测井的深度值差异较大,必须对事故后测井的深度值进行校正,以保证数据的正确性。首先对该测井数据进行了一系列的预处理,然后使用多种方法对比分析进行深度校正。在大多数井段取得了良好的效果,达到了事先要求的精度。校正结果表明,相关分析是一种行之有效的方法,但曲线形态差异较大的井段处理还有待研究。全部过程采用计算机自动完成,提高了数据处理工作的效率。     

中国大陆科学钻探CCSD-1井O～2000米测井曲线井深自动校正

中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔CCSD-1井第一阶段0～2 000 m钻进完成后,前后2次测井的深度值差异较大,必须对事故后测井的深度值进行校正,以保证数据的正确性.首先对该测井数据进行了一系列的预处理,然后使用多种方法对比分析进行深度校正.在大多数井段取得了良好的效果,达到了事先要求的精度.校正结果表明,相关分析是一种行之有效的方法,但曲线形态差异较大的井段处理还有待研究.全部过程采用计算机自动完成,提高了数据处理工作的效率.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of