同位素示踪单井地下水流向流速仪通过鉴定

由江苏省农科院原子能所与核工业部七所共同研制的同位素示踪单井地下水流向流速仪1986年8月4日通过鉴定。 同位素示踪单井地下水流向流速仪是以放射性同位素碘—131等作示踪源,以热释光探测器(TLD)和(或)直读     

全国同位素测井学习班

江苏省原子能农学会和农科院原子能所共同举办的两期全国同位素示踪测井——单井同位素示踪地下水流速流向仅学习班,于1985年12月20日和1986年3月17日分别在南京市举办.来自全国九个部二十六个省市自治区的47名学员参加     

同位素示踪单井试验研究

一、前言要查清地下水的流向、流速等参数,一般采用多口井测水位和抽水试验,连通试验等,对于埋藏较深的承压水,还须进行分层止水测水位,难度很大,钻群孔花钱多,且费工、费时。我们应用放射性同位素示踪方法,多次成功地在单井中测定了各含水层的地下水流向、流速。应用这种方法只需一口井,配合“核萤地下水流向流速仪”, 1—2人短期内就可完成诸如区域调查和划分均衡场边界     

单井同位素示踪技术在轩岗矿区岩溶水勘察中的应用

本文介绍了应用单井同位素示踪技术在轩岗矿区测试岩溶水渗透流速、流向和垂向流的技术方法与实测成果,以及测试成果在计算渗透系数、划分含水层和隔水层、分析渗流场特征等方面的应用。证实该项技术在岩溶水水文地质勘察中具有重要作用。      

几种地下水流向流速测定法的分析

本文首先对地下水流向流速测定方法作了初步分类,然后叙述了各种方法的基本原理,介绍了目前国外常用的电位差法、井中电视法和热示踪法;分析讨论了各种方法的优缺点,最后强调指出,仪器的测量必须与地质、水文地质条件和地下水的物理化学特性相结合,才能正确地测定地下水的流向流速。     

乙醇示踪剂在岩溶水研究中的应用

<正> 一、前 言 乙醇作为地下水示踪剂,首次在我国典型岩溶地区进行试验,已初步获得成功。 本文具体介绍了山东枣庄、河北峰峰、邯郸王风、广西合山等矿区用乙醇进行地下水示踪试验所取得的水文地质成果,如其中包括探索地下水的流速流向、地下水的迳流补给、含水层之间的水力联系、矿井突水水源、岩溶通道、断层导水性及其主要导水部位、帷幕注浆截流效果检验等方面的实际应用问题。 示踪试验是研究岩溶水运动的重要手段之一,而示踪效果则主要取决于示踪剂的选择等因素。      

Sr同位素在地下工程水文地质中的示踪意义——以锦屏一级水电站坝区地下水为例

天然水中的Sr同位素比值是环境地质、水文地质作用重要的示踪剂。研究地下水中的Sr同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr)能够较好的反映地下水的水岩相互作用。通过对研究区Sr同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr)的分析,能够在一定程度上说明研究区含水系统的地下水补给、径流、排泄特征。从而为地下工程的防治水措施及排水方案的设计提供可靠依据。本文以锦屏一级水电站坝区地下水为例,探讨了天然水中87Sr/86Sr的分布特征以及水文地质示踪意义。为坝区地下工程开挖的涌水问题中的涌水水源问题提供了较为可靠的依据。     

屋顶雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层连通示踪试验

雨水回灌后对岩溶水的影响分析和效果需要对回灌井和下游的观测井监测数据说明。由于岩溶含水层中岩溶发育极不均匀,在测定地下水位并判定出地下水流向的基础上,连通示踪试验是选择与回灌井相对应的观测井的有效办法。用氯化钠作为示踪剂,监测不同测井不同埋深地下水电导率随时间变化的方法确定了岩溶水观测井选址、岩溶含水层的结构及水文地质条件。示踪试验结果表明,3#观测井(西院井)可用来监测雨水回灌效果,并计算出该地区的地下水势流速在9 m/h～20 m/h之间。该成果对北方地区岩溶含水层回灌和环境评价具有重要的参考价值。     

同位素示踪方法测定柴达木盆地西台盐湖地下卤水参数研究

为了测定柴达木盆地西台吉乃尔盐湖地下水流速、流向,从而来计算该区的渗透系数,正确确定其渗透系数,无论对科学研究还是对生产开采,均有着重要的理论和现实意义.介绍同位素示踪方法测定该区地下水卤水流速,流向实验原理及结果,并对实验数据进行分析整理.     

一种新的地下水示踪剂—钼酸铵—催化示波极谱法测定示踪水中微量钼

水文地质工作者为了了解地下水的流向流速,确定水力传导系数、孔隙率、弥散系数,圈定地下水的污染范围和污染物扩散方向和速度,常常采用示踪方法。这种方法是利用示踪剂在地下水传递的途径与过程,对其结果进行分析以达到上述目的。     

钻孔压水试验水压式栓塞排水泄压问题研究

压水试验水压式栓塞较其他类型栓塞可靠、灵活,但一直存在试验结束后排水泄压难题,使该类型栓塞使用局限于浅孔及地下水位高的钻孔。本文对该问题进行了研究,提出了解决方案,设计了新型水压式栓塞结构。解决了一直以来水压式栓塞的排水泄压难题,突破了试验孔深限制,使水压式栓塞能得到广泛应用。介绍了该新型水压式栓塞的结构和工作原理以及工程应用效果。     

闸下变动水位的船闸输水水力学计算

为解决强潮海域闸下潮位变化剧烈的船闸输水系统水力学计算问题,以现有规范为基础,从输水计算原理出发,推导了变动水位条件下的输水水力学计算方法,应用该方法计算分析了变动水位对三堡船闸安保工程输水的影响,并对闸室面积、初始水头、闸外落潮速度等因素进行敏感性计算分析。结果表明,采用该方法计算得到变动水位条件下输水时间缩短,最大流量、最大比能也小于取初始恒定水位的计算成果,结果更符合强潮海域船闸实际输水过程,为类似条件船闸输水水力学计算提供了一种技术、经济合理可行的计算方法。     

Hydraulic conductivity prediction based on grain-size distribution using M5 model tree

The hydraulic conductivity, K_s, is one of the most important hydraulic properties which controls the water and solute movement into the soil. It is measured on soil specimens in the laboratory. On the other hand, sometimes it is obtained by tests carried out in the field by a number of researchers. Therefore, several experimental formulas have developed to predict it. Recently, soft computing tools have been used to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity. However, these tools are not as transparent as empirical formulas. In this study, another soft computing approach, i.e. model trees, have been used for predicting the hydraulic conductivity. The main advantage of model trees is that, unlike the other data learning tools, they are easier to use and represent understandable mathematical rules more clearly. In this paper, a new formula that includes some parameters is derived to estimate the hydraulic conductivity. To develop the new formulas, experimental data sets of hydraulic conductivity were used. A comparison is made between the estimated hydraulic conductivity by this new formula and formulas given by other’s researches.     

Evaluation of methods for determination of hydraulic properties in an aquifer–aquitard system hydrologically connected to a river

Field and laboratory methods have been used to determine the hydraulic properties in a multiple-layer aquifer–aquitard system that is hydrologically connected to a river. First, hypothetical pumping tests in aquifer–aquitard systems were performed to evaluate the feasibility of MODFLOW-PEST in determining these parameters. Sensitivity analyses showed that: the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the aquifer has the highest composite sensitivity; the vertical hydraulic conductivity has higher composite sensitivity than the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the aquitard; and a partial penetration pumping well in an aquifer layer can improve the quality of the estimated parameters. This inverse approach was then used to analyze a pumping-recovery test conducted near the Platte River in southeastern Nebraska, USA. The hydraulic conductivities and specific yield were calculated for the aquitard and aquifer. The direct-push technique was used to generate sediment columns; permeameter tests on these columns produced the vertical hydraulic conductivities that are compatible with those obtained from the pumping-recovery test. Thus, the combination of the direct-push technique with permeameter tests provides a new method for estimation of vertical hydraulic conductivity. The hydraulic conductivity, determined from grain-size analysis, is smaller than the horizontal one but larger than the vertical one determined by the pumping-recovery test.     

纯电能动力共用技术在全电动水文巡测车设计中的应用研究

通过汽车发电机取出电能,再转化为机械能直接驱动巡测设备,替代了传统液压传动的模式,改变了液压传动机械效率低的缺点,彻底消除了液压油渗漏造成的污染,是对传统的取力和传动方式的巨大挑战。该驱动模式应用于水文巡测车具有低噪音、无污染、节能环保、安全可靠的特点,推广使用前景良好。     

流量监测软在线架构与实践

聚焦新形势下水资源监测预警、生态流量监测等"水利行业强监管"的要求,以及实时流量监测的迫切需要,基于影响流量的内在水力要素关联,利用已有的实时要素监测信息,架构流量实时监测的通用算法,实现流量"软在线",成果在安徽普遍应用。与既有以流速传感为基础的流量在线监测"硬在线"方法互为补充,探索结果提示新一轮规划应拓宽视野,必要时设置水力控制断面或增加控制河段的辅助站,为流量在线监测提供基础条件。     

Groundwater flow and capture zone analysis of the Central Passaic River Basin, New Jersey

Delineating capture zones of pumping wells is an important part of safe drinking water and well protection programs. Capture zones or contributing areas of a groundwater extraction well are the parts of the aquifer recharge areas from which the wells draw their water. Their extent and location depend on the hydrogeologic conditions such as groundwater recharge, pumping scenario and the aquifer properties such as hydraulic conductivity, porosity, heterogeneity of the medium and hydraulic gradient. Different methods of delineation can be used depending on the complexity of the hydrogeologic conditions. In this study, a 3-dimensional transient numerical MODFLOW model was developed for the Central Passaic River Basin (CPRB), and used with a MODPATH particle tracking code to determine 3-dimensional transient capture zones. Analytically calculated capture zones from previous studies at the site were compared with the new numerically simulated capture zones. The study results revealed that the analytical solution was more conservative, estimating larger capture zones than the numerical models. Of all the parameters that can impact the size, shape and location of a capture zone, the hydraulic conductivity is one of the most critical. Capture zones tend to be smaller in lower hydraulic conductivity areas.     

人工内分泌网络模型在水文地质参数研究中的应用

传统方法在计算含水层渗透系数的过程中通常面临着不均匀系数C难以确定、对研究区水文地质条件较为依赖等困难。通过分析和概括内分泌系统独特的信息处理功能,构建了人工内分泌网络模型。在详细介绍模型算法和计算步骤的基础上,将其应用到华北平原滹沱河冲洪积扇前缘,根据孔隙度及粒度分布特征对含水层渗透系数进行预测,并与传统的经验公式Beyer法和Slichter法进行对比。计算结果表明：Beyer法的预测精度最低,其相对误差主要集中于0.078~1.342;Slichter法的预测精度有所提高,但对于渗透系数极端值的预测仍存在较大误差,相对误差主要集中于0.046~0.643;人工内分泌网络模型具有较高的预测精度,其相对误差主要集中于0.006~0.420。与传统经验公式相比,人工内分泌网络模型具有较高的计算精度和良好的通用性,且能够直接计算出含水层的垂向渗透系数,无需后期的数据验证。     

胶筒式液压卡盘存在问题及改进

胶筒式液压卡盘因其结构紧凑、夹紧力大,成为全液压钻机的主流结构卡盘,在国内外全液压坑道钻机上广泛应用。但胶筒式液压卡盘的胶筒易于损坏,卡瓦更换不方便,极大地影响了该卡盘的使用效果。对胶筒式液压卡盘的适用条件、设计要点进行系统的分析,阐明被啃噬的机理,对卡盘的结构及组件进行优化,通过增加尼龙环减少胶筒被啃噬的概率;针对更换卡瓦不便的问题,设计卡瓦座与卡瓦可快速拆装的结构。该卡盘首次在ZDY5000RF型履带式全液压钻机上使用,在淮北祁南煤矿井下单月钻进累计超过4 000 m,胶筒无更换,取得了良好的应用效果。      

Application of statistical approaches to analyze geological,geotechnical and hydrogeological data at a fractured-rock mine site in Northern Canada

Mine site characterization often results in the acquisition of geological, geotechnical and hydrogeological data sets that are used in the mine design process but are rarely co-evaluated. For a study site in northern Canada, bivariate and multivariate (hierarchical) statistical techniques are used to evaluate empirical hydraulic conductivity estimation methods based on traditional rock mass characterisation schemes, as well as to assess the regional hydrogeological conceptual model. Bivariate techniques demonstrate that standard geotechnical measures of fracturing are poor indicators of the hydraulic potential of a rock mass at the study site. Additionally, rock-mass-permeability schemes which rely on these measures are shown to be poor predictors of hydraulic conductivity in untested areas. Multivariate techniques employing hierarchical cluster analysis of both geotechnical and geological data sets are able to identify general trends in the data. Specifically, the geological cluster analysis demonstrated spatial relationship between intrusive contacts and increased hydraulic conductivity. This suggests promise in the use of clustering methods in identifying new trends during the early stages of hydrogeological characterization.