察尔汗盐湖地下水卤水动态规律研究

建立了描述采卤过程中地下卤水运动规律的数学模型,并用有限元素法进行了数值迭代求解。在此基础上,用等值线比较法,根据１９８８年３月－１９８９年６月间６５个观测点上每月一次的地下卤水的水位观测数据,对首采区中３１２个剖节点上的渗透系数等水文地质参数进行了修正和反求。经修正反求后地下卤水位的模拟值与实测值之间的相对误差由原来的１４．３％改善为７．７％。     

渤海湾北岸地下卤水分布远景区卫星信息解译研究

渤海莱州湾滨海平原地下卤水的发现、开发与研究,提出了第四纪滨海型地下卤水成因模式。鉴于宏观上分析渤海湾沿岸,具有与莱州湾相似的自然地理环境与海陆变迁过程及其具备的地下卤水生成条件,故借鉴莱州湾地下卤水资源调研经验,通过卫星遥感信息获取地下卤水解译标志及其多信息的复合,以其达到从宏观上查明地下卤水生存的地质环境和潜层卤水远景分布区范围。     

渤海地区晚第四纪环境演化与第四纪滨海相地下卤水的形成

由于气候变化和新构造运动,渤海曾发生多次海陆演化,从而形成了第四纪地下卤水。间冰期的海侵提供了形成地下卤水的水源,气候波动产生了海水浓缩的条件,而冰期海退过程中,陆源物质覆盖于海相沉积上,保存了地下卤水。对环境演化在“潮滩生卤”和“冰冻生卤”过程中重要作用的分析结果表明,在第四纪环境演变的过程中,两种生卤作用在地质时期卤水矿床形成中均具有重要意义,并且只要存在海水物源,就有可能形成地下卤水。     

莱州湾南岸地下卤水高浓度溶解铀及其成因研究

用α能谱法对莱州湾南岸地下卤水中的铀进行分析,发现卤水中溶解铀的浓度范围为3.4～96.0μg/L,80%以上站位卤水铀浓度超过了30μg/L,高于某些铀矿区地下水中铀的浓度。从卤水的形成过程及环境、含水层沉积物的铀含量及地下卤水对沉积物的淋溶作用、地表水下渗等几个方面对高浓度铀的成因进行了分析,发现卤水形成时海水的蒸发浓缩和锰氧化物还原可能是主要成因,藻类的矿化分解使其吸附的大量铀解吸进入地下水也可能是1个重要影响因素。     

察尔汗盐湖采卤过程中晶间卤水水位时空变化规律的趋势面分析

应用趋势面分析对1991年1月-1994年12月期间察尔汗盐湖晶间卤水水位的时空变化进行了研究，结果表明，1、2次趋势面反映了察尔汗盐湖晶间卤水水位变化的背景，3-5次趋势面能够较确切的反映察尔汗盐湖采卤过程中晶间卤水水位的变化规律，1次剩余分析所反映的正、负异常带和5次趋势分析所反映的高、低水位带在研究区的分布规律，充分说明了随着采卤的不断进行，晶间卤水的低水位带逐渐向研究区的南部移动同抽卤有关，研究区通过东西方向上晶间卤水的补给明显大于南北方向的补给。     

莱州湾南岸滨海平原地下卤水水化学特征

综合运用数理统计分析方法对莱州湾南岸滨海平原地下卤水样品的水化学特征进行分析,结果表明:莱州湾南岸地下卤水水化学总体特征与海水一致,rNa/rCl,rK /rBr和rMg/rCa系数反映出当地地下卤水来源于沉积古海水,并且海水浓缩程度很高,而变质作用较弱;主成分分析中,第一主分量可以用来解释地下卤水形成时的海水浓缩程度...     

低盐度地下卤水养殖南美白对虾的研究

研究了用低盐度地下卤水养殖南美白对虾（Penaeus vannamei)的可行性和养殖模式。结果表明，向地下卤水中添加适量的K^ ，调节Na^ /K^ 比值，能明显提高仔虾的成活率；通过合理的水质调控，获得低盐度地下餐水南美白对虾养殖的高产高效，其中精养池平均成活率，平均产量和投入产出分别比半精养提高25．23％，148g/m^2和0．49。     

利用地下水水位资料推求水文地质参数

依据模糊集合理论,提出了反求水文地质参数的一种新方法,即用模糊模式识别评价计算水位与观测水位的拟合程度,依模糊ISODATA聚类法的原理建立目标函数,以相应的聚类中心作为要求的水文地质参数。     

渤海莱州湾南岸第四纪地下卤水演化的地球化学模拟

渤海莱州湾南岸地区赋存有大量的地下卤水，许多研究者认为这些水是第四纪地质历史时期古海水经强烈蒸发浓缩后埋藏而成的，运用反向地球化学模拟理论，选用美国地质调查局（USGS）提供的PHREEQC（1997）地球化学模拟软件，对莱州湾南岸昌邑廒里501孔各层卤水的水化学演化过程进行模拟，研究结果表明，该地区的地下卤水是由古海水经强烈蒸发浓缩后被沉积物理藏，并在赋存过程中发生水－岩相互作用，使地下水出现方解石，石膏及CO2气体的过饱和析出。并伴随与沉积物发生K^ ,Na^ ,Mg^2 ,Ca^2 之间的阳离子交换反应。其中的浅层地下卤水还受到地表盐后排放卤水的侵染。     

察尔汗盐湖晶间卤水痕量元素分布特征研究

1991年9月,定深采集了察尔汗盐湖S4层晶间卤水的85个样品,利用ARL-3520等离子光谱仪对样品中16种痕量元素进行了分析测试,根据测试结果对S4层晶间卤水痕量元素集散特征进行了研究。结果表明,察尔汗盐湖S4层晶间卤水中的16种痕量元素比海水富集;痕量元素随卤水的不断浓缩,其含量趋于增高。在S4层晶间卤水水平方向上,痕量元素的含量出现东高西低、南北变化不大的分异现象;垂直方向上表现为随深度的增加其含量出现增高的趋势。     

罗布泊第四纪湖泊沉积序列及钾盐资源的形成

为在我国新生代大陆沉积盆地开展区域找矿及钾盐资源预测提供科学依据, 采用地球卫星遥感资料和地面调查与化学测试以及区域盐湖卤水演化环境的演绎分析等手段, 综合方法, 揭示了罗布泊盆地第四纪沉积层序和湖泊气候环境变化的基本特征与古湖泊湖水及现代湖水的饱和流结晶路线及成盐成矿演化趋势.区域盐湖卤水演化环境和地质钻探资料及相图表明, 罗布泊地区钾盐矿床的成盐矿物以钾的硫酸盐矿物为主, 并没有出现真正意义上的钾盐沉积阶段(即氯化物钾盐析出阶段), 而钾盐卤水矿床却是一个积极的找矿方向.根据断裂组合及深部地质作用的分析, 这一地段是现代地质作用条件下形成的呈北东向展布的地堑构造系统, 富钾卤水蕴藏在地堑构造系统的中央断裂带内.综合分析表明, 通过地堑构造系统的中央断裂的贯通作用, 使深层卤水以及表层渗滤水向断裂破碎部位聚集, 并由于深部卤水的运动, 使深层盐岩系地层发生选择性溶解和表层渗滤水, 使浅部疏松堆积物的易溶性氧化钾溶解, 从而导致富钾卤水的富集而形成超大型液体钾盐矿床.     

柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖的地球化学演化与古气候变化

１９９０年用铀系年代学及古地磁对昆特依盐湖沉积物进行年代测定，探讨该湖区地球化学演化与古气候变化关系。结果表明，该区最老的盐层形成于早更新世晚期（大于７３０ｋａ），大量的盐类沉积则始于３００ｋａ左右；盐湖沉积物中元素含量变化主要受古盐度、矿物、类质同象和吸附控制；沉积物水溶Ｆ／Ｃｌ比值与古盐度成反比关系；该湖２０００ｋａ以来的古环境演变：盐层形成于干冷、偏酸性的氧化环境，泥岩层形成于湿暖、偏碱性的     

柴达木盆地盐湖环境中超铀元素的分布特征

1993年采用α谱仪和大面积屏栅电离定对柴达木盆地盐湖水、地下水、河水以及地表和两个钻孔沉积物中的U,Pu和Am进行了测定。结果表明,各类水样中239Pu（含240Pu,下同）的平均含量高出表层海水约1000倍,其239Pu／238U的活度比在0．001－0．530之间;两钻孔沉积物中239Pu的平均值分别为49±0．8mBq／g和2．4±0．5mBq／g,239Pu／238U的活度比为0．141和0．088,由此探讨了U,Pu和Am的分布特征、239Pu／238U比值的变化规律以及沉积物和水中Pu的来源。     

论盐、碱、镁的联产问题

从可能性和可行性两个方面论证了盐、碱、镁的联产问题。强调了利用莱州湾沿岸地下浓缩海水和饱和盐水的预处理方法以及白泥(盐泥)的综合利用问题,并着重指出了环境问题的重要性。最后提出了盐、碱、镁联产中应注意的几个问题。     

山东盐田及新疆盐湖卤虫(Artemia parthenogenetica)生物学测定值的比较

从山东的盐场和新疆的盐湖采集了卤虫卵,进行了干燥、吸水和去壳的卵径、壳厚、无节幼体体长、染色体数目的生物学测定。按照文献[12]的分类,上述研究的卤虫,均属于第二类的孤雌生殖品系。盐湖的卤虫卵吸水和去壳后比盐场的卤虫卵大。而达板城东盐湖的无节幼体是最短的。各盐场的卤虫有2倍体、4倍体及5倍体,艾比湖的卤虫有2倍体和4倍体,达板城东盐湖只有4倍体。     

Observed fluxes of water,salt and suspended sediment in a partly mixed estuary

Observations of the residual fluxes of water, salt and suspended sediment are presented for seven stations along the Tamar Estuary. The data include measurements over single spring and neap tidal cycles, and are generally applicable to medium or high run-off conditions.Surface to bed differences in salinity are typically of the order of several parts per thousand. Gravitational circulation is an important component of residual flow in the deep, lower reaches of the estuary. Here, Stokes drift is insignificant. In the shallow upper reaches, the major residual currents are generated by Stokes drift and freshwater inputs. Data are compared with predictions from Hansen and Rattray's (1966) model of estuarine circulation.Salt fluxes due to tidal pumping and vertical shear are directed up-estuary at spring tides, tidal pumping being dominant. Tidal pumping of salt is also directed up-estuary at neap tides, although it is insignificant in the lower reaches, where vertical shear dominates.Tidal pumping of suspended sediment is directed up-estuary near the head at spring tides, and probably contributes to the formation of the turbidity maximum. The existence of the turbidity maximum is predicted using a simplified model of the transport of water and sediment. The model shows that an additional mechanism for the existence of the turbidity maximum is an up-estuary maximum in the tidal current speeds (and thus resuspension). In the lower reaches, transport of suspended sediment is directed down-estuary at both spring and neap tides, and sediment is essentially flushed to sea with the fresh water.     

Amphipoda assemblages in a disturbed area (Alicante,Spain, Western Mediterranean)

The distribution and composition of Amphipoda assemblages were analysed off the coasts of Alicante (Spain, Western Mediterranean), a disturbed area affected by several co‐occurring anthropogenic impacts. Although differences among sampled stations were mainly related to natural parameters, anthropogenic activities were linked with changes in amphipod assemblages. Expansion of the Port of Alicante, a sewage outfall and a high salinity brine discharge could be causing the disappearance of amphipods at stations closer to these disturbances. However, the completion of port enlargement works and mitigatory dilution of the brine discharge has led to the recovery of the amphipod assemblage. Among the natural parameters, depth determines the distribution of some of the species. While Siphonoecetes sabatieri was abundant at shallow stations, Ampelisca spp., Photis longipes, Pseudolirius kroyeri, Apherusa chiereghinii and Phtisica marina were more abundant at deeper stations. Grain size and percentage of organic matter also influenced amphipod distribution, resulting in changes in species composition and in the relative percentages of different trophic groups. Species such as Ampelisca brevicornis, Perioculodes longimanus, Urothoe hesperiae and Urothoe elegans were more abundant at stations with a high content of fine sand. Carnivorous species, mainly of the Oedicerotidae family, were more abundant at those stations with a low organic matter content, while detritivorous species were more abundant at stations with a higher mud content. Among 62 identified species, three were reported for the first time from the Spanish Mediterranean coast, two species were recorded for the second time and a new species of Siphonoecetes was found, Siphonoecetes (Centraloecetes) bulborostrum. These results confirm the need for further data on amphipods from the Mediterranean Spanish coast.     

东营城区高精度三维地震采集方法研究

根据东营城区内建筑物较多，环境干扰较大，地下构造复杂，断裂非常发育，目的层埋藏深，资料信噪比较低的特点，以地震老资料和钻井资料为基础，建立地震地质模型，利用射线追踪技术选取合适的观测系统参数。充分利用卫星数字地图，没计了灵活多变的观测系统，采用可控震源与炸药震源配合使用方法，及时对城区内地下面元的覆盖次数、方位角和炮检距的分布进行质量监控，利用现场处理系统对资料进行及时分析，提高了地震资料品质。所获得的东营城区高精度三维地震采集资料显示，其浅中层分辨率和中深层信噪比都有了明显改善，取得了良好的地质效果。     

Some chemical characteristics of the brines in Bannock and Tyro Basins: salinity, sulphur compounds, Ca, F, pH, At, PO4, SiO2, NH3

Results of the chemical investigation on the Bannock and Tyro Basins are reported.Both basins were found to be hypersaline ( 10 times higher than salinity of normal seawater) and anoxic. In all investigated basins a region of transition, a few meters thick, was identified at depths > 3327 dbar. It is characterized by a sharp gradient of salinity, and all concentrations of analysed species increase strongly except for dissolved oxygen and nitrate, which immediately drop to zero. This region appears as a sharp boundary that prevents mixing. As a result, in the presence of organic matter, an anoxic condition developed with the complete depletion of dissolved oxygen. At the same time, hydrogen sulphide and ammonium accumulated within the brine. Between the Bannock and the Tyro brines differences occur in the measured concentrations of H₂S, SO²⁻₄, Ca²⁺ and NH₃. There are some differences also within the Bannock area sub-basins.The Libeccio sub-basin, in the Bannock area, contains a double-layered brine: the upper layer is 140 dbar thick and the lower layer is 300 dbar thick. A second interface between upper and lower brines develops at a depth of 3500 dbar. Nearly all of the measured concentrations vs. depth show the double layer, with the exception of ammonium, the concentration of which remains nearly constant throughout the anoxic column. Profiles of the other species analyzed show remarkable differences on passing from the upper to the lower brine. Hydrogen sulphide, sulphate and fluoride concentrations appear constant and then increase at the second interface. The calcium concentration is also constant in the upper brine, but decreases at the second interface. Total alkalinity and phosphate concentrations show a maximum peak just below the first interface. However, after passing through the second interface all the chemical parameters exhibit an almost constant behaviour down to the bottom.Hypersaline conditions are attributed to the dissolution of Messinian evaporite, and anoxia is suggested to originate from the oxidation of organic matter present in sediments and from the absence of bottom water circulation in such a deep and enclosed environment.The chemical conditions can be summarized as follows: in the Libeccio Basin the values for the species analysed have the ranges: 39–321 psu for ‘salinity’, 8.2−6.5 for pH, 2.7–4.0 mM for total alkalinity, 0.2-0 mM for dissolved oxygen, 0–1669 μM for hydrogen sulphide, 0–198 μM for thiol, 31–99 mM for sulphate, 11–21 mM for calcium, 7–100 μM for fluoride, 0.2–3080 μM for ammonium, 5.8-0 μM for nitrite, 0.2–12 μM for phosphate and 8–130 μM for silicate.