怒江断裂带南段道街盆地第四纪构造活动特征

上新世末以来滇西地区发生大面积掀斜隆升构造运动, 同时伴随块体的差异性升降运动。 在这种构造背景下, 怒江断裂带南段形成了一系列断陷盆地, 其中道街盆地是面积最大的一个盆地。 本文利用野外地质考察、 钻探和后差分GPS实测剖面等方法对该盆地第四纪地层和控盆断裂进行研究, 认为道街盆地控盆断裂最新活动时代为中—晚更新世之间, 而盆地内部断层晚更新世以来仍有活动表现。     

伊犁盆地新构造运动与地震

从新生代地层展布及形变入手,说明伊犁盆地早第三纪以区域性抬升为主,晚第三纪开始断陷。当时盆地范围较大,沉积中心在我国境内;第四纪初构造变动强烈,南、北天山全面隆起,盆地渐趋缩小,其后仍以整体抬升为主,但东部抬升速率大于西部而带掀斜性质,沉积中心西移至巴尔喀什湖。中更新世冰川发育,晚更新世多风成黄土。用阶地(14)~C测年数据推算喀什河上游的抬升速率为2.86mm/a,中、下游为1.86mm/a。山体隆升与局部断陷使老断裂多次活动,新断裂相伴产生,喀什河断层垂直运行速率为2.5mm/a。断裂活动的压性特征及水文网络反映新构造应力场为南北方向的强烈挤压。本文还简述了伊犁盆地4条主要活动断裂带及其与地震活动的关系,特别指出契利克深大断裂震级频次高居北天山榜首,应加强地震地质基础性研究工作。     

晋北张性区盆岭构造及其形成的力学机制

晋北张性区内各断块有规律地掀斜构成了典型的盆岭构造。本文根据晋北张性区内主要断块边界断裂的产状变化、扩展规律,地层倾斜及河流阶地资料的观测和研究,定量地再现了不同时期各断块的掀斜量和边界断裂两侧的差异运动幅度、速度等,指出晋北盆岭构造具有控制断块掀斜的边界断裂由西向东发展和各断块的掀斜幅度西大东小的特点,引进了与上述特征相一致的“水平扭转式掀斜”的概念。从其形成的力学机制来看,包括系舟山、五台山、恒山以及蔚县盆地南北两侧等断块在内的晋北张性区各断块由西向东发展的水平扭转式掀斜所组成的盆岭构造格局是山西右旋剪切带北端张性区构造发展过程中的特征产物,是剪切带尾端张性区地壳局部性伸展的一种表现。     

渭河断陷盆地带的形成演化及断块运动

渭河盆地和灵宝盆地的形成始于始新世 ,中新世运城盆地开始形成 ,到上新世时期渭河断陷带统一。早更新世断陷带内形成广阔的“三门湖” ,中更新世时期“三门湖”逐渐萎缩消亡。晚更新世以来断陷带继承性的发展。由于受秦岭、华山山前断裂带等相关阶状正断层的正倾滑运动的控制 ,断陷带演化过程主要表现为大幅度的沉陷、扩张并接受巨厚的堆积 ,在其内部产生了一系列向南掀斜的断块差异运动。断陷带新地质时期垂直差异运动十分强烈 ,是一强地震活动区     

构造和气候共同控制下的藏南热隆盆地中更新世以来的演化

热隆盆地是亚东－谷露裂谷系南部, 由宁金抗沙西麓断裂控制的断陷盆地, 根据野外地质调查、 遥感(RS)和数字高程模型(DEM)分析, 盆地内发育有三期洪积扇, 形成时代分别在中更新世中期(第一期)、 中更新世中期至晚更新世早期(第二期)、 晚更新世晚期(第三期)。 这三期洪积扇的发育分别对应于间冰期和间冰阶的高温大降水时期, 表明在第四纪以来, 由于间冰期与间冰阶期的到来, 温度升高, 降雨量增加, 地表径流作用增强, 先成洪积扇被破坏, 新洪积扇形成。 盆地内自中更新世中晚期以来剥蚀程度自北向南减弱, 表明在整体抬升的背景下, 由于宁金抗沙西麓断裂的活动, 使得盆地北部基岩抬升速率大于南部, 形成自北向南的掀斜。     

渭河断理解盆地带的形成演化及断块运动

渭河盆地和灵宝盆地的形成始于始新世，中新世运城盆地开始形成，到上新世时期渭河断陷带统一。早更新世断陷带内形成广阔的“三门湖”，中更新世时期“三门湖”逐渐萎缩消亡。晚更新世以来断陷带继承性的发展。由于受秦岭、华山山前断裂带等相关阶状正断层的正倾滑运动的控制，断陷带演化过程主要表现为大幅度的沉陷、扩张并接受巨厚的堆积，在其内部产生了一系列向南掀斜的断块差异运动。断陷带新地质时期垂直差异运动十分强烈，是一强地震活动区。     

中更新世以来北天山的向北扩展

利用深部地球物理结果与浅部地质调查结果进行对比,并基于DEM的地貌分析,研究了中更新世以来北天山向北扩展的造山过程.中更新世以来,北天山地壳中存在南倾的低角度滑脱面,滑脱面之上,逆断裂和褶皱带组成的山前活动构造带整体向北滑脱并缩短变形.中更新世早期,气候暖湿,基岩山脉剥蚀强烈,在山前形成了大规模的洪泛平原.中更新世中期以来,持续的构造活动一方面使山前盆地卷入变形,另一方面使盆地遭受分隔,天山北麓地壳以阶梯式的形式自南向北逐步抬升.中更新世中期约600 ka以来,气候越来越干旱,山前盆地地表仅遭受了轻微剥蚀,地壳抬升全部转换为自南向北的地表隆起,隆起的北部向天山靠拢,隆起的南部逐渐成为山系,与天山相连,北天山得以向北扩展.中更新世以来的掀斜隆起造成山麓至盆地高差达1000多米的坡面,为30 ka以来的河流下切提供了坡度条件,造成了深达300多米的河流强烈下切.     

山西忻定盆地活动断裂几何学、运动学特征及地震活动性研究

忻定盆地主要受北东和北北东向两组断裂控制,盆地内部还发育一组北西向次级隐伏断裂。研究表明,北东向断裂为张性正断层,其活动主要表现为沿断裂两侧的差异升降运动;北北东向断裂除了表现出沿断裂两侧差异升降运动外,兼有右旋走滑运动。第四纪以来,北西向区域引张应力场对该区断裂的活动有重要影响,使得盆地南东一侧断裂活动加强,北西一侧断裂活动减弱,盆地由北西向南东发生掀斜。此外,在断裂活动程度方面,北东向断裂沿走向具有明显的分段性。区内M≥7级地震的产生主要与盆地南东一侧断裂的强烈活动有关。     

贺兰山晚新生代隆升的剥露特征及其隆升模式

位于中国南北构造带北端, 鄂尔多斯地块西北缘的贺兰山是华北克拉通内部的板内构造变形带. 新生代表现为受正断层控制的伸展构造变形, 形成隆起的贺兰山和断陷的银川盆地. 磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学分析揭示了贺兰山始于晚新生代(约10~12 Ma)的快速隆升剥露作用; 这种快速剥露作用与贺兰山东麓断层具有很好的相关性, 靠近断层剥露作用加强, 远离断层剥露作用减弱, 贺兰山东部剥露作用强, 西部弱, 指示了贺兰山东麓断层下盘贺兰山快速上升遭受剥露并向西掀斜的隆升模式. 同时, 贺兰山东部靠近东麓断层的晚新生代快速剥露作用具有北部强、向南逐渐减弱的空间分布特征; 结合贺兰山样品磷灰石裂变径迹长度与年龄相关图显示出独特的“U”型“boomerang”模式, 指示了贺兰山起始于约10~12 Ma的与贺兰山东麓断层伸展作用有关的向西向南快速掀斜隆升样式. 贺兰山这种与平行于山脉的正断层有关的掀斜隆升作用, 主要是银川-吉兰泰-河套断陷系与渭河-山西断陷系沿鄂尔多斯地块周缘北西-南东向的伸展拉张作用的结果; 鄂尔多斯地块西北角强烈的晚新生代拉张作用是贺兰山向西向南快速掀斜隆升的主要原因.     

东海陆架盆地雁荡低凸起综合地球物理解释及其成因探讨

通过对东海陆架盆地西部地震和重磁资料的综合地球物理解释,对雁荡低凸起展布形态进行了细致刻画,凸起呈NE方向不连续展布于瓯江凹陷和闽江凹陷之间,长约170 km、宽约15~50 km.地震资料揭示雁荡低凸起上广泛发育了侏罗纪与白垩纪地层,厚度约为500~1500 m,展布面积约5000 km²,局部缺失中生界地层.凸起两侧中生代盆地结构差异明显,西侧瓯江凹陷为典型的断陷盆地,东断西超、断裂发育,半地堑、掀斜断块等中生界构造样式发育;东侧闽江凹陷为坳陷型盆地,断裂、火成岩不发育,挤压背斜、断背斜、反转构造等中生界构造样式发育.自由空间重力异常图与剩余重力异常图上,凸起表现为一系列NE向团块状重力高值区,而磁力异常ΔT图上则表现为深部磁场强度低的特征,火成岩影响部位可见磁力高值异常.综合凸起及邻域重磁震、莫霍面深度等地质地球物理资料,认为雁荡低凸起为一元古界组成的古隆起,区别于东部的台北低凸起.同时,结合区域构造演化及沉积特征,推测侏罗纪时期雁荡低凸起与浙闽隆起区可能连为一体,晚白垩世近东西向伸展作用下浙闽隆起发生裂陷进而形成了雁荡低凸起.     

ACTIVITY FEATURES OF FAULTS AT THE EAST OF ZHANGSHAN ON THE MIDDLE SEGMENT OF TANLU FAULT ZONE

Given the scarcity of research on the activity of Xinyi-Sihong segment of the Tanlu Fault zone, this paper focuses on the Zhangshan segment where there are quite evident geomorphic features to complement the shortage of the research on the northern part of Xinyi-Sihong segment. This study enriches evidences for the late Quaternary activity and paleoseismological events on the Xinyi-Sihong segment. The Zhangshan segment is located at Xiaodian Town to Jintou Village of Suqian City, stretching towards NE for 7 kilometers with a dip angle of 60~80. Research of tectonic geomorphology shows that gullies in northern part of Zhangshan segment were evidently displaced, while in the southern, two NE-trending right-stepped fault scarps are developed, with an average height of 3 meters, which generally suggests that the fault was dominated by thrust and dextral motion. Two trenches were excavated in the southern part of Zhangshan segment, numbered Mayao trench 1 and Mayao trench 2. Both trenches reveal that:(1)within this segment, Tanlu Fault shows periodic fault activity, that is, normal faulting during Pliocene epoch while thrust faulting in Quaternary period; (2)an event occurred between 15.12ka BP to 11.82 BP; (3)the latest event possibly took place around 3 500 a BP. Based on integrated results of previous studies, we identify the dates of paleoseismic events on the Xinyi-Sihong segment as follows:more than 960 thousands years ago, early to middle period of late Pleistocene, (15.12~11.82)ka BP, (11.76±0.05)ka~(10.53±0.05)ka BP, (10.15±0.05)ka~(8.16±0.05)ka BP and 4 960~3 510a BP.     

镇江地区主要NW向断裂的第四纪活动性

五峰山-西来桥断裂和丹徒-建山断裂是镇江地区2条主要的NW向断裂,可能与镇江多次破坏性地震相关。文中通过浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测方法,对五峰山-西来桥断裂和丹徒-建山断裂的展布特征及第四纪活动性进行了系统研究。五峰山-西来桥断裂在浅层地震剖面上倾向NE,倾角约为60°,断距约为5~9m,以正断活动为主;大路镇场地上,该断裂断错的最新地层为中更新统底部,位错量为2m,判断五峰山-西来桥断裂的最新活动时代为中更新世早期。丹徒-建山断裂在浅层地震剖面上倾向SW,倾角约为50°~55°,断距约为2~7m,以正断活动为主;访仙镇场地上,中更新统之上的地层没有被断错的迹象,中更新统底部可能被断层影响,判断丹徒-建山断裂的最新活动时代为早更新世—中更新世早期。     

莱州湾海域郯庐断裂带活断层探测

利用浅地层剖面仪对郯庐断裂带莱州湾段进行了活断层探测,发现郯庐断裂带主干断裂在第四纪晚期以来具有明显的活动,继承了晚第三纪以来的主要构造活动特点,仍是这一区域的主导性构造. 西支KL3断裂由多条高角度正断裂组成,最新活动时代为晚更新世晚期至全新世早期,受到一系列错断晚更新世晚期沉积的北东或近东西向断裂的切割;东支龙口断裂由两段右阶斜列的次级断层组成,沿断裂带不但有明显的晚第四纪断错活动,而且还发育北北东向晚第四纪生长褶皱,表现出明显的晚更新世晚期至全新世活动特征. 在山东陆地区也发现了与龙口断裂相对应的安丘——莒县断裂,安丘段由一系列右阶斜列的次级断层组成. 从安丘向北至莱州湾凹陷,郯庐断裂带东支活断层构成了一条右旋单剪变形带,每一个次级活断层段相当于带内理论上次级压剪面,在第四纪晚期以来仍以右旋走滑活动为主要特征.      

THE DIFFERENCE OF DEPOSITION RATE IN THE BOREHOLES AT THE JUNCTION BETWEEN NANKOU-SUNHE FAULT AND HUANGZHUANG-GAOLIYING FAULT AND ITS RESPONSE TO FAULT ACTIVITY IN THE BEIJING AREA

Beijing plain area has been always characterized by the tectonic subsidence movement since the Pliocene. Influenced and affected by the extensional tectonic environment, tensional normal faulting occurred on the buried NE-trending faults in this area, forming the "two uplifts and one sag" tectonic pattern. Since Quaternary, the Neocathaysian stress field caused the NW-directed tensional shear faulting, and two groups of active faults are developed. The NE-trending active faults include three major faults, namely, from west to east, the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying Fault, Shunyi Fault and Xiadian Fault. The NW-trending active faults include the Nankou-Sunke Fault, which strikes in the direction of NW320°~330°, with a total length of about 50km in the Beijing area. The northwestern segment of the fault dips SW, forming a NW-directed collapse zone, which controls the NW-directed Machikou Quaternary depression. The thickness of the Quaternary is more than 600 meters; the southeastern segment of the fault dips NE, with a small vertical throw between the two walls of the fault. Huangzhuang-Gaoliying Fault is a discontinuous buried active fault, a boundary line between the Beijing sag and Xishan tectonic uplift. In the Beijing area, it has a total length of 110km, striking NE, dipping SE, with a dip angle of about 50~80 degrees. It is a normal fault, with the maximum fault throw of more than 1 000m since the Tertiary. The fault was formed in the last phase of Yanshan movement and controls the Cretaceous, Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary sediments.There are four holes drilled at the junction between Nankou-Sunhe Fault and Huangzhuang-Gaoliying Fault in Beijing area. The geographic coordinates of ZK17 is 40°5'51"N, 116°25'40"E, the hole depth is 416.6 meters. The geographic coordinates of ZK18 is 40°5'16"N, 116°25'32"E, the hole depth is 247.6 meters. The geographic coordinates of ZK19 is 40°5'32"N, 116°26'51"E, the hole depth is 500.9 meters. The geographic coordinates of ZK20 is 40°4'27"N, 116°26'30"E, the hole depth is 308.2 meters. The total number of paleomagnetism samples is 687, and 460 of them are selected for thermal demagnetization. Based on the magnetostratigraphic study and analysis on the characteristics of sedimentary rock assemblage and shallow dating data, Quaternary stratigraphic framework of drilling profiles is established. As the sedimentation rate of strata has a good response to the activity of the basin-controlling fault, we discussed the activity of target fault during the Quaternary by studying variations of deposition rate. The results show that the fault block in the junction between the Nankou-Sunhe Fault and the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying Fault is characteristic of obvious differential subsidence. The average deposition rate difference of fault-controlled stratum reflects the control of the neotectonic movement on the sediment distribution of different tectonic units. The activity of Nankou-Sunhe Fault shows the strong-weak alternating pattern from the early Pleistocene to Holocene. In the early Pleistocene the activity intensity of Huangzhuang-Gaoliying Fault is stronger than Nankou-Sunhe Fault. After the early Pleistocene the activity intensity of Nankou-Sunhe Fault is stronger than Huangzhuang-Gaoliying Fault. The activity of the two faults tends to consistent till the Holocene.     

南黄海北部千里岩断裂活动性初探

在南黄海北部海域首次针对千里岩断裂进行了声波探测。根据声波反射剖面所显示的晚第四纪断裂活动性差异,大致以朝连岛断裂为界,可把千里岩断裂分为2段,南段晚更新世以来不活动,在日照东南海域跨断裂的声波剖面上晚更新世地层没有受到断层错断的影响;北段在晚更新世晚期活动,从千里岩岛西侧至石岛湾以东海域,在声波剖面上可见多处上更新统中上部地层错断现象。虽然自建立测震台网以来沿千里岩断裂及附近海域内尚未发生5级及以上地震,也未见小震丛集现象,但是,千里岩断裂的晚更新世活动段长度>100km,具有发生6·5级左右地震的可能性,在地震预报和地震危险性分析中值得进一步研究     

辽宁省地震构造研究

本文结合编制1∶100万辽宁省地震构造图,分析了辽宁省近20年来地震构造环境相关研究成果,确定辽宁地区共有第四纪以来活动断裂29条,其中全新世断裂1条,晚更新世断裂5条,早、中更新世断裂23条。其中北东向晚更新世活动断裂和北西向全新世活动断裂为辽宁地区的主要控震、发震构造。北东向晚更新世活动断裂与北西向断裂交汇部位、海城河隐伏断裂的端点部位和鸭绿江断裂南西端黄海海域是未来发生中强地震的主要部位。本研究可为深入研究辽宁地区地震构造条件、编制第五代全国地震区划图提供基础资料。     

黄山-米山断裂活动性及其对米山水库稳定性影响的评价

在野外考察和测量以及断层活动年代品的采集和测定的基础上，通过室内的综合分析研究,查明了黄山－米山断裂的空间分布，鉴定了断裂的活动时代和运动性质，评价了断裂对米山水库稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，黄山－米山断裂呈南北向展布，分北、中、南三段；以挤压逆冲运动为主，兼有左旋走滑运动。黄山－米山断裂带物质固化较结程度较高，地形地貌上无断层显示，没有断错Q2以来的地层（本区缺失Q1地层），对历史地震和现代地震不具控制作用，系非第四纪活动断裂；对米山水库库区和坝区的稳定性影响较小。     

RESEARCH ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES OF SU-XI-CHANG FAULT

Running across the urban areas of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou, the NW-trending Su-Xi-Chang Fault is an important buried fault in Yangtze River Delta. In the respect of structural geomorphology, hilly landform is developed along the southwest side of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault, and a series of lakes and relatively low-lying depressions are developed on its northeast side, which is an important landform and neotectonic boundary line. The fault controlled the Jurassic and Cretaceous stratigraphic sedimentary and Cenozoic volcanic activities, and also has obvious control effects on the modern geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphic distribution. Su-Xi-Chang Fault is one of the target faults of the project "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Changzhou City" and "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Suzhou City". Hidden in the ground with thick cover layer, few researches have been done on this fault in the past. The study on the activity characteristics and the latest activity era of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is of great significance for the prevention and reduction of earthquake disaster losses caused by the destructive earthquakes to the cities of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou. Based on shallow seismic exploration and drilling joint profiling method, Quaternary activities and distribution characteristics of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault are analyzed systematically. Shallow seismic exploration results show that the south branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Suzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the north-east, with a dip angle of about 60° and a displacement of 3~5m on the bedrock surface. The north branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Changzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the south, with a dip angle of about 55°~70° and a displacement of 4~12m on the bedrock surface. All breakpoints of Su-Xi-Chang Fault on the seismic exploration profiles show that only the bedrock surface was dislocated, not the interior strata of the Quaternary. On the drilling joint profile in the Dongqiao site of Suzhou, the latest activity of the south branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting, with maximum displacement of 2.9m in the upper part of Lower Pleistocene, and the Middle Pleistocene has not been dislocated by the fault. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 3.7m in the Neogene stratum. On the drilling joint profile in the Chaoyang Road site of Changzhou, the latest activity of the north branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting too, with maximum displacement of 2.8m in the bottom layer of the Middle Pleistocene. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 10.2m in the bedrock surface. Combining the above results, we conclude that the latest activity era of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is early Middle Pleistocene. The Su-Xi-Chang Fault was dominated by the sinistral normal faulting in the pre-Quaternary period, and turned into sinistral reverse faulting after the early Pleistocene, with displacement of about 3m in the Quaternary strata. The maximum magnitude of potential earthquake on the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is estimated to be 6.0.     

山西罗云山山前断裂带中段龙祠-峪口全新世活动证据

通过断错地貌调查和探槽开挖,获得了临汾盆地西界罗云山山前断裂带龙祠-峪口段的最新活动信息:该段山前洪积扇后缘断断续续存在高2.5m、5.2m、8m左右的地表地貌陡坎;附近冲沟的Ⅰ级阶地热释光测年为距今7500a左右;在NW向的席坊沟内存在拔沟3.5m、8m、18m左右的3级阶地,与地貌陡坎有对应关系;席坊沟探槽揭示罗云...     

再探中国大陆第四纪地壳运动时程

以柴达木盆地新构造运动发生的期次、黄河兰州谷地出现的突出构造事件、阿尔金断裂带第四纪所经历的大运动阶段、攀西裂谷区新构造运动分期、北京地区南段新构造运动波动、全国一些地区断裂活动时序等为例证,再次证明了第四纪以来中国大陆地壳活动具有明显的时段性,４次强烈的构造活动分别发生在上新世末至早更新世初、早更新世中晚期、中更新世中晚期和全新世。其中,以中更新世中晚期地壳活动强度最大、波及范围最广