一种众源车载GPS轨迹大数据自适应滤选方法

基于同步高低精度GPS轨迹数据的空间特征和GPS误差分布原理,提出了一种众源GPS车载轨迹大数据自适应分割-滤选模型。该模型首先通过角度、距离约束将完整的车载GPS轨迹数据进行分割,以轨迹分割段作为基本滤选单元;然后通过对比轨迹分割段内GPS轨迹向量与其参考基线间的相似度,按照相似度与GPS定位精度之间的量化关系指导滤选。试验结果表明,该方法可以实现车载轨迹大数据按信息提取精度需求的滤选。     

顾及速度约束的基于时间序列GPS漂移数据处理方法

提出了一种基于时间序列的GPS轨迹数据漂移去除算法。本算法无需提供出行目的和交通方式等附加信息,基于原始GPS数据中的经纬度和时间信息来进行漂移点校正处理。首先,对每条轨迹进行分段,并对每段进行自相关系数检测,判断是否存在漂移;然后,利用速度约束条件查找漂移点;最后,用样条插值法校正漂移点。使用该方法对武汉大学学生的出行轨迹数据进行了漂移处理。实验结果表明,本方法能够有效去除轨迹数据中的漂移点,适用于GPS原始数据预处理。     

一种基于地理信息的手机用户定位方法北大核心CSCD

基于手机信令数据的用户轨迹行为分析已广泛应用于交通监测、城市管理、人口分析等多个业务领域。针对手机基站定位与用户实际位置存在偏差且驻留轨迹缺失语义信息的问题,本文提出了一种基于地理信息的手机信令数据用户定位方法。该方法首先构建面向轨迹分析的地理实体数据采集规范;然后对手机信令数据进行聚类,建立地理实体与基站的权重映射关系;最后使用时空推理及对轨迹的深度学习技术,将用户有效驻留轨迹点拟合至实际的地理实体,实现用户定位。验证结果表明,该方法提升了用户定位的准确度,为后续业务场景的应用提供了可靠的数据支撑。     

利用被动式GPS数据的交通行为信息提取方法:发展现状及趋势

被动式GPS技术能最大程度地减轻受访者的负担,因而成为收集个体交通行为信息的理想方法。但是被动式GPS技术仅能提供交通行为的时空、移动速度等信息,而无法直接获取个人出行和活动的详细信息,如出行的起始时间、出行目的、交通方式、活动起始时间、时长、同伴等。如何从GPS轨迹数据中准确获取这些关键的交通行为信息成为被动式GPS应用于个体时空间行为数据采集的难点所在。对该研究领域的发展现状和趋势进行了总体回顾和分析。首先,追溯了交通行为数据收集方法的发展历程,并重点概述近年来基于GPS原始数据的后续处理方法的发展现状。然后逐一分析和讨论了现有的基于被动式GPS数据的交通行为信息提取方法的优缺点和存在的问题。最后,对该领域的前景和潜在的研究问题以及对运用现代信息与通信技术(ICT)收集交通行为信息方法的发展方向提出了相关建议。     

城市公交乘客下车站点推算方法和有效性评价

特大型城市的公交车上普遍安装了自动售票（auto fare collection,AFC）系统和车载GPS导航定位设备,记录了乘客出行与行车轨迹、时间等数据,连续运行的公交车和众多的出行乘客形成了城市公共交通运行和出行大数据。如何高效、准确地从公交大数据中识别公交乘客下车站点,对于提高交通运行效率、科学布局组织交通具有重要的意义和作用。基于深圳市公交车AFC和GPS数据,利用时间匹配和基于带噪声空间密度聚类的方法判别上车站点;在仅有的公交数据基础上,通过分析乘客出行行为,根据乘客多天的出行以及各站点的上车频率,利用乘客高频站点和下游站点吸引权,提出一种推算方法,实现乘客下车站点的推断。算法模型的检验和实例分析表明该方法的有效性。     

基于Android平台的IMU/GPS导航系统设计与实现

针对近年来由于城市化进程加速使得国内基础设施建设快速发展,人们对外出旅游、出行质量的需求不断提高的现状,设计一款基于Android系统的移动导航软件,通过Android平台与百度地图API的结合,实现了实时定位、位置搜索、路径规划以及轨迹记录等功能。针对用户身处城市高大建筑物附近、高架桥上或者隧道时出现的GPS信号短暂缺失导致定位失败问题,提出并设计了IMU/GPS组合导航实现用户的实时导航。实验结果验证了组合导航相对GPS导航的优越性。     

基于GPS独立定位的道路延伸方向地图匹配算法

针对目前的地图匹配算法普遍只能修正垂直道路方向的GPS定位误差,而对道路延伸方向的定位误差修正方法研究很少,仅有的研究成果应用又不理想的问题,本文通过定量分析GPS速度与定位误差的关系,设计了一种GPS位置修正基准的确定方法,据此设计了一种基于GPS独立定位的地图匹配算法,重点用于修正道路延伸方向的GPS定位误差。运用某大城市的实测GPS数据,进行了上述地图匹配算法的验证。结果表明,相比现有算法,利用文中设计的地图匹配算法获得的GPS定位精度明显有所提高,从而可为GPS数据用户提供更高质量的信息基础。     

符合认知规律的时空轨迹融合与路网生成方法

以行驶在城市大街小巷的出租车GPS时空轨迹数据为研究对象,研究了符合"感知—认知—经验"认知规律3层次的轨迹融合与路网生成方法,提出了基于Delaunay三角网的时空轨迹融合模型,实现了从GPS时空轨迹中对符合认知规律需求的路网信息的获取,并以武汉市出租车GPS轨迹为试验,实现了对武汉市出租车时空轨迹的融合与武汉市路网数据的生成,证明了该方法的有效性。     

利用GPS轨迹二次聚类方法进行道路拥堵精细化识别

针对当前在精细识别道路拥堵时空范围方面研究的不足,提出一种利用GPS轨迹的二次聚类方法,通过快速识别大批量在时间、空间上差异较小且速度相近的轨迹段,反映出道路交通状态及时空变化趋势,并根据速度阈值确定拥堵状态及精细时空范围。首先将轨迹按采样间隔划分成若干条子轨迹,针对子轨迹段提出相似队列的概念,并设计了基于密度的空间聚类的相似队列提取方法,通过初次聚类合并相似子轨迹段,再利用改进的欧氏空间相似度度量函数计算相似队列间的时空距离,最后以相似队列为基本单元,基于模糊C均值聚类的方法进行二次聚类,根据聚类的结果进行交通流状态的识别和划分。以广州市主干路真实出租车GPS轨迹数据为例,对该方法进行验证。实验结果表明,该二次聚类方法能够较为精细地反映城市道路的拥堵时空范围,便于管理者精准疏散城市道路拥堵,相比直接聚类方法可以有效提升大批量轨迹数据的计算效率。     

出租车轨迹数据挖掘进展

大数据、物联网与精密定位技术的发展推动了城市感知的进步。随着社会活动的与日俱增,出租车轨迹数据不仅记录了出租车的行车轨迹,还蕴藏着道路交通状态、城市居民出行规律、城市结构及其他社会问题。通过各种数据分析与挖掘手段对出租车轨迹数据进行深入探究,对于智能交通、城市规划等有着重要意义。本文综述了近十年国内外基于出租车轨迹大数据的相关研究,按照空间统计方法、时间序列方法、图论与网络方法及机器学习方法等4类,详细阐述各类方法的研究现状。随后,本文分析了现有研究的应用领域、热点主题和发展趋势。最后,本文指出了出租车轨迹数据挖掘研究领域面临的挑战和未来研究方向。     

Personalized travel route recommendation using collaborative filtering based on GPS trajectories

Travelling is a critical component of daily life. With new technology, personalized travel route recommendations are possible and have become a new research area. A personalized travel route recommendation refers to plan an optimal travel route between two geographical locations, based on the road networks and users’ travel preferences. In this paper, we define users’ travel behaviours from their historical Global Positioning System (GPS) trajectories and propose two personalized travel route recommendation methods – collaborative travel route recommendation (CTRR) and an extended version of CTRR (CTRR+). Both methods consider users’ personal travel preferences based on their historical GPS trajectories. In this paper, we first estimate users’ travel behaviour frequencies by using collaborative filtering technique. A route with the maximum probability of a user’s travel behaviour is then generated based on the naïve Bayes model. The CTRR+ method improves the performances of CTRR by taking into account cold start users and integrating distance with the user travel behaviour probability. This paper also conducts some case studies based on a real GPS trajectory data set from Beijing, China. The experimental results show that the proposed CTRR and CTRR+ methods achieve better results for travel route recommendations compared with the shortest distance path method.     

Mobile user identification based on road networks and multiple distance measures

Mobile user identification aims at matching different mobile devices of the same user using trajectory data, which has attracted extensive research in recent years. Most of the previous work extracted trajectory features based on regular grids, which will lead to incorrect feature representation due to lack of geographic information. Besides, most trajectory similarity models only considered one single distance measure to calculate the similarity between users, which ignore the connection between different distance measures and may lead to some false matches. In light of this, we present a novel user identification method based on road networks and multiple distance measures in this article. The proposed method segments a city map into several grids and road segments based on road networks. Then it extracts location and road information of trajectories to jointly construct user features. Multiple distance measures are fused by a discriminant model to improve the effect of user identification. Experiments on real GPS trajectory datasets show that our proposed method outperforms related similarity measure methods and is stable for mobile user identification. Meanwhile, our method can also achieve good identification results even on sparse trajectory datasets.     

GPS rapid static and kinematic positioning based on GPS active network

This paper presents a data processing strategy for GPS kinematic Positioning by using a GPS active network to model the GPS errors in double difference observable.Firstly,the double difference residuals are estimated between the reference stations in the active network.Then the errors at a user station are predicted as the network corrctions to user measurements,based on the location of the user,Finally conventional kinematic positioning algorithms can be applied to determine the position of the user station.As an example,continuous 24-hour GPS data in March 2001 has been processed by this method.It clearly demonstrates that,after applying these corrections to a user within the network,both the success rate for ambiguity resolution and the positioning accuracy have been significantly improved.     

Weka‐STPM: a Software Architecture and Prototype for Semantic Trajectory Data Mining and Visualization

Enormous quantities of trajectory data are collected from many sources, such as GPS devices and mobile phones, as sequences of spatio‐temporal points. These data can be used in many application domains such as traffic management, urban planning, tourism, bird migration, and so on. Raw trajectory data, as generated by mobile devices have very little or no semantics, and in most applications a higher level of abstraction is needed to exploit these data for decision making. Although several different methods have been proposed so far for trajectory querying and mining, there are no software tools to help the end user with semantic trajectory data analysis. In this article we present a software architecture for semantic trajectory data mining as well as the first software prototype to enrich trajectory data with both semantic information and data mining. As a prototype we extend the Weka data mining toolkit with the module Weka‐STPM, which is interoperable with databases constructed under OGC specifications. We tested Weka‐STPM with real geographic databases, and trajectory data stored under the Postgresql/PostGIS DBMS.     

融合线上线下轨迹的景观热度评价

人们在线上网络空间和线下现实空间活动时, 会产生大量线上线下的痕迹(轨迹), 这种轨迹作为一种讯息会影响其他人的活动。现有研究大多单一地采用问卷调查、网络数据、GPS轨迹等方法, 忽略了移动互联时代线上线下空间活动的关联性以及历史活动足迹对日后活动的影响。基于对搜索量、签到和照片等网络大数据与线下GPS轨迹大数据的融合, 对人们线上线下活动进行时空行为模式分析, 建立基于信息素和回归分析的计算模型, 实现了对景观休憩空间的吸引力评价。以采样接近5 a的181个用户轨迹数据及相应时间段的网络大数据, 对北京28个景观进行实验, 并与单一线上或线下数据的研究方法进行比较, 结果表明所提方法不仅综合体现了景观热度, 且能够对未来的潜在游憩价值进行估计。     

Augmented paper maps: Exploring the design space of a mixed reality system

Paper maps and mobile electronic devices have complementary strengths and shortcomings in outdoor use. In many scenarios, like small craft sailing or cross-country trekking, a complete replacement of maps is neither useful nor desirable. Paper maps are fail-safe, relatively cheap, offer superior resolution and provide large scale overview. In uses like open-water sailing it is therefore mandatory to carry adequate maps/charts. GPS based mobile devices, on the other hand, offer useful features like automatic positioning and plotting, real-time information update and dynamic adaptation to user requirements. While paper maps are now commonly used in combination with mobile GPS devices, there is no meaningful integration between the two, and the combined use leads to a number of interaction problems and potential safety issues. In this paper we explore the design space of augmented paper maps in which maps are augmented with additional functionality through a mobile device to achieve a meaningful integration between device and map that combines their respective strengths.     

出租车GPS轨迹集聚和精细化路网提取

针对利用GPS数据提取双向路网和交叉路口转向信息精度低的不足,本文提出一种顾及位置与行驶方向的轨迹集聚和精细化路网提取方法,实现了精细化路网提取。为提高交叉路口路网的提取精度,首先剔除原始轨迹中的离散和异常轨迹点,并按一定的步长对轨迹段进行加密;然后引入行驶方向角来表达车辆在轨迹点处的行驶方向,顾及位置和行驶方向获取每个轨迹点的相似轨迹点集合;接着依次计算每个轨迹点的偏移距离,通过对轨迹点的迭代偏移完成轨迹集聚;最后剔除未成功集聚的轨迹点,将完成集聚的轨迹点连成轨迹线并作缓冲区,运用栅格数据数字化方法提取得到能够反映道路精细转向关系的道路网。以福州市出租车GPS数据进行轨迹集聚和路网提取试验,结果表明:本文方法能有效地将GPS轨迹按车辆行驶方向分别进行集聚,提取的道路网为双向道路并且能反映交叉路口处道路的精细转向关系。     

GPS导航定位技术中面向对象读取Rinex格式数据

由于计算机软件主流思想的影响,原有的BAISC语言为指导的GPS编程方法也应进行改进.本文在原有GPS编程方法上进行改进,来处理GPS数据,将数据和定位解算通过类的声明来联系,实现了数据的封装,保证了数据的安全性.     

路网更新的轨迹-地图匹配方法

全面准确的路网信息作为智慧城市的重要基础之一,在城市规划、交通管理以及大众出行等方面具有重要意义和价值。然而,传统的基于测量的路网数据获取方式往往周期较长,不能及时反映最新的道路信息。近几年,随着定位技术在移动设备的广泛运用,国内外学者在研究路网信息获取时逐渐将视野转向移动对象的轨迹数据中所蕴含的道路信息。当前,基于移动位置信息的路网生成和更新方法多是直接面向全部轨迹数据施加道路提取算法,在处理大规模轨迹或者大范围道路时,计算量极大。为此,本文基于轨迹地图匹配技术,提出一种采用"检查→分析→提取→更新"过程的螺旋式路网数据更新策略。其主要思想是逐条输入轨迹,借助HMM地图匹配发现已有路网中的问题路段,进而从问题路段周边局部范围内的轨迹数据中提取并更新相关道路信息。该方法仅在局部范围内利用少量轨迹数据来修复路网,避免了对整个轨迹数据集进行计算,从而有效减少了计算量。基于OpenStreetMap的武汉市区路网数据以及武汉市出租车轨迹数据的试验表明,本文提出的路网更新方法不仅可行,而且灵活高效。