测绘地理信息元数据自动化检查的设计与实践

测绘地理信息元数据是一种描述测绘地理信息数据的数据，包含数据的表示、覆盖范围、质量、空间和时间模式、空间参考系和分发等信息，覆盖项目设计、数据生产、质量检查、项目验收全流程。作为一项重要的成果数据，其对数据的生产、说明、使用和分析管理有重要的指导作用。如果元数据不精确，则使用相关数据时就会存在质量问题。测绘地理信息元数据生产中，相关标准与具体项目需求和成果需求相结合时通常会存在一定差异，因此不易实现质量检查的自动化。目前其质量检查多采用人工检查的方式，检查效率及准确度受人为影响。本文在分析其内容和特点的基础上，将其分为四类，结合四类元数据的特点提出了以模板为基础的自动化检查方法，在基础性地理国情监测、基础测绘成果、数字高程模型成果检查等项目中得到了实践应用，对提高测绘地理信息元数据检查的效率及准确率有一定意义。     

地表覆盖成果质量的模糊综合评价模型与方法

本文针对地理国情监测地表覆盖成果质量合理评价问题,应用多因素模糊综合评价理论与方法,设计了一套基于模糊综合评价法的地理国情监测地表覆盖成果质量评价模型与方法,并选取我国北方27个县级测区的地理国情监测地表覆盖成果质量检查数据进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,相比最小值法、加权平均法等常规质量评价方法,基于模糊综合评价法的成果质量评价结果更为客观、合理,可为自然资源统一调查监测中的地表覆盖成果等新型测绘地理信息成果质量评价提供技术参考。     

省域测绘地理信息大数据中心建设的可行性探讨

随着测绘地理信息事业的快速发展,无论其数据量还是形式、内容都发生了翻天覆地的变化,测绘地理信息数据已经跨入了"大数据"时代,尽快开展测绘地理信息数据的全面整合,加快建设省域测绘地理信息大数据中心显得十分迫切。以浙江省为例,对浙江省测绘地理信息行业现有基础数据进行了较为详细的调研和分析,以探讨建设浙江省域测绘地理信息大数据中心的可行性。     

加快测绘地理信息事业转型升级的思考

分析大数据时代加快推动测绘地理信息事业转型升级的必要性,探讨了测绘地理信息事业发展面临的机遇和挑战,提出了重构测绘地理信息生产关系、打造测绘地理信息时空传感网、建设中国地理信息云、推动地理信息产业跨界发展等对策建议。     

地质灾害应急制图模型研究

随着突发事件应急处置过程的标准化、信息化程度不断提高,应急管理部门对应急测绘地理信息保障服务的主动性和适应性要求也越来越高。应急制图作为应急测绘地理信息保障服务的重要内容,也面临着提升制图速度、覆盖应急处置全过程的迫切需求。以地质灾害为例,梳理了地质灾害孕育、产生、发展到消亡全过程的地理场景模型;提出了决策者、执行者、承灾者、旁观者等4个用户类别并逐一解析了不同地理场景模型中应急制图的用户需求模型;设计了数据制图模式、模型制图模式以及专家制图模式等一套满足多场景的地质灾害专题制图方案,并以中国浙江省地质灾害中的测绘地理信息保障服务工作为例进行了验证。     

我国地理信息产业诸多领域世界领先

国家测绘地理信息局局长徐德明日前表示,我国测绘地理信息事业已经站在了历史的新高度,在许多项目建设上取得了突破性的成就。测绘领域在诸多方面走在了世界前列。例如实现了1：5万基础地理信息数据全覆盖、     

组件式信息化测绘生产体系建设思路研究

主要探讨了基于生产单位组件式架构的信息化测绘生产体系建设思路,将地理信息数据的获取与处理的软件、设备、人力资源等,按照组件式架构进行了功能划分,根据具体测绘生产项目的业务需求进行软件、设备、人力资源的灵活组合与配置,形成了组件式的信息化测绘生产技术运行模式,探索组件式架构的信息化测绘生产体系的形成需要重点建设、投入的技术装备。     

一体化测绘技术在城市基础地理信息数据更新中的应用

就一体化测绘技术在基础地理信息数据更新中的应用情况进行了较为全面的分析,简要回顾了一体化测绘技术在数字测绘技术体系建设中的发展过程,分析了内外业一体化与采编一体化和图库一体化技术之间的关系,讨论了内外业一体化技术的变迁,分析了航测采编一体化、图库一体化和集群分布式并行计算等技术在基础地理信息数据更新中的作用。     

基于联合测绘数据源的大比例尺地形图动态更新

大比例尺地形图作为基础地理信息数据的重要组成部分，为城市建设与发展提供基础性保障服务。随着城市信息化进程不断加快，各行业、各领域对基础地理信息数据的现势性要求越来越高。本文以珠海市为例，提出一种基于联合测绘数据源，按需提取联合测绘成果中高精度、强现势性的大比例尺地形图数据，对城市基础地形数据库进行动态更新的方法。结果表明：此方法不但能够大幅缩短基础地理信息数据的更新周期，提高现势性，而且可以有效地避免重复测绘，降低成本。     

关于在城市基础地理信息数据更新中应用一体化测绘技术的分析

随着社会不断进步,经济飞速发展,城市建设对城市基础地理信息数据更新周期和模式提出了新的要求。为了适应城市基础地理信息数据快速、准确更新的要求,一体化测绘技术被广泛应用到城市基础地理信息数据更新中,加快了城市基础地理信息数据库建设步伐,利于促进城市建设以及数据测绘工作有效开展。客观分析了一体化测绘技术,多角度探讨了一体化技术在城市基础地理信息数据更新中的应用。     

北京山区植被覆被率遥感制图与景观格局分析——以门头沟区为例

准确、快速地获取植被覆盖状况信息是北山区生态恢复和建设的关键与重点.本文在FCD Mapping model的原理和方法基础上,利用TM图像对北京门头沟区植被覆被率展开调查和制图应用研究,并利用FRAGSTATS软件对所得的植被覆盖等级图从斑块大小、斑块数、斑块密度、斑块平均面积、分形维数和聚集度等角度进行了空间格局的剖析.     

Technical progress of China's national remote sensing mapping:from mapping western China to national dynamic mapping

Remote sensing mapping is an important research direction in the development of geographic surveying and mapping.In order to successfully implement the project of Mapping Western China(MWC),a technical mapping system has been established.In this project,many problems have been solved through technological innovation,such as block adjustment with scarce control points,large-scale aerial/satellite image mapping,and intelligent interpretation of multi-source images.Several softwares were developed,e.g.PixelGrid for aerial/satellite image mapping in a large area,FeatureStation for the integration of multi-source data in the complex terrain areas,and an airborne multi-band and multi-polarization interferometric data acquisition system for SAR mapping.For the first time,full coverage of 1∶50,000 topographic data of China's land territory has been produced,which means the geospatial framework of digital China is basically completed.With the implementation of other key national plans and projects(i.e.national geographic conditions monitoring and national remote sensing map-ping),the focus has changed from MWC to national dynamic mapping.Accordingly,a dynamic mapping system is established.The data acquisition capability has developed from a single source to multiple sources and multiple modalities.The mapping capability has developed into dynamic mapping,and the capability for database update shows the characteristics of colla-boration.The national geographic condition monitoring creates a multi-scale index system for statistical analysis for various needs.A multi-level and multi-dimensional technical system for statistical computing and decision-making service is developed for the transformation from dynamic monitoring to information service.In this paper,we give a brief introduction about the recent development of remote sensing mapping in China with respect to data acquisition,map production,and information service.The purpose of this paper is to motivate the establishment of theory and method for remote sensing mapping,technical and equipment in the smart mapping era,to improve the capability of perceiving,analyzing,mining,and applying geographic data,and to promote the intelligent development of geographic survey-ing and mapping.     

地理国情要素数据成果的一致性检查方法

本文结合全国地理国情要素数据成果过程质量控制、质量复核工作,以及地理国情要素数据成果自身、与地表覆盖分类数据成果、与外业调查核查数据、与专题资料的一致性要求,通过分析检查中发现的质量问题,提出了地理国情要素数据成果的质量控制方法。该方法为国情要素数据成果的质量控制提供了技术参考,为质检工作提供了方法依据。     

Using weights of evidence in the spatial relation between infected snails and geographic factors

Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin in China. Study of spatial variation of snail distribution that is related to microgeographic factors can help to choose pertinent measures for snail extinguishment and environment rebuilding. This paper studied the theoretical architecture of weights-of-evidence approach. The case study was made for spatial relation between the occurrence of infected snails and geographic factor combinations in Waijiazhou marshland of Poyang Lake region in China. The multievidence data came from the geographical factor combinations by crossing operation of vegetation coverage grade layer, cattle route distance grade layer, and special environment layer (181 combinations in total) in GIS. The calculation of weight contrast index shows that high vegetation coverage, cattle route distance of <45 meters, and special geographic factor “ground depression” had direct spatial relation with the occurrence of infected snails. The verification by crossing operation in GIS indicated 72.45% of the infected snails concentrated on the areas of positive weight contrast index (sequenced in an order of weight contrast index from high to low), demonstrating the high efficiency of the model established in finding infected snails according to the geographic factor combinations that can be explicitly discerned in the study area.     

Exploring and Visualizing Differences in Geographic and Linguistic Web Coverage

This article reports on a study performed to understand the geographic and linguistic coverage of web resources, focusing on the example of tourism‐related themes in Switzerland. Search engine queries of web documents were used to gather counts for phrases in four different languages. The study focused on selected populated places and tourist attractions in Switzerland from three gazetteer datasets: topographic gazetteer data from the Swiss national mapping agency (SwissTopo); POI data from a commercial data provider (Tele Atlas) and user generated geographic content (geonames.org). The web counts illustrate the geographic extent and trends of web coverage of tourism for different languages. Results show that coverage for local languages, i.e. German, French and Italian, is more strongly related to the region of the spoken language. Correlation of the web counts to typical tourism indicators, e.g. population and number of hotel nights rented per year, are also computed and compared.     

基于地理实体的基础测绘生产组织模式探索

首先分析了目前我国基础地理信息资源建设存在的主要问题,提出了通过构建地理实体数据库实现基础地理信息资源的共享和深入应用的构想。其次,深入分析了目前国内外地理实体数据库的研究及建设现状。在以上基础上,最后以优先满足国家事权为原则,提出了基于地理实体数据采集的我国基础测绘国家、省、市县任务分工和生产组织模式构想。     

运用证据权重法进行阳性钉螺-地理因子的空间关系研究(英文)

Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin in China. Study of spatial variation of snail distribution that is related to microgeographic factors can help to choose pertinent measures for snail extinguishment and environment rebuilding. This paper studied the theoretical architecture of weights-of-evidence approach. The case study was made for spatial relation between the occurrence of infected snails and geographic factor combinations in Waijiazhou marshland of Poyang Lake region in China. The multievidence data came from the geographical factor combinations by crossing operation of vegetation coverage grade layer, cattle route distance grade layer, and special environment layer (181 combinations in total) in GIS. The calculation of weight contrast index shows that high vegetation coverage, cattle route distance of <45 meters, and special geographic factor “ground depression” had direct spatial relation with the occurrence of infected snails. The verification by crossing operation in GIS indicated 72.45% of the infected snails concentrated on the areas of positive weight contrast index (sequenced in an order of weight contrast index from high to low), demonstrating the high efficiency of the model established in finding infected snails according to the geographic factor combinations that can be explicitly discerned in the study area. Supported by a the National Natural Science Fundation of China (No. 30590370), the Research Project “Spatial Simulation of Schistosomiasis Susceptible Areas in the Poyang Lake Region” Sponsored by Science Research Plan 2007 of Jiangxi Normal University (Natural Science Category).     

云岭质检软件在国情普查地表覆盖中的应用

根据第一次全国地理国情普查的技术要求及指标,本文就云南省测绘产品检测站自主开发的云岭自检软件对国情普查中的地表覆盖分类数据成果进行数据概查及人工交互检查应用展开论述,总结出云岭质检软件对此类成果的检查流程及检查方法。     

数字正射影像结合LiDAR数据在山区测绘中的应用

随着信息化社会的到来，现代水利测绘已经由传统测绘向信息化测绘发展，无人机技术应用于测绘行业推进了信息化测绘进程。本文探讨了如何有效利用无人机技术解决测绘领域在山区遇到的问题。固定翼无人机能及时获取地面数字正射影像数据，捕获裸露地面的平面和高程，但是无法获取植被覆盖下的地表高程信息，因此，本文通过机载激光雷达获取植被覆盖下的LiDAR点云数据；将二者数据相结合，再通过EPS软件生成三维地表模型，可以快速获取任何测区地物和地形数据，不仅提高了工作效率，还降低了外业劳动强度。     

国家应急测绘前线勘测系统设计与建设

针对当前应急测绘前线勘测的实际问题，本文分析了应急测绘前线勘测的任务需求，提出了国家级应急测绘前线勘测系统的设计方案，阐述了应急测绘前线勘测系统的总体功能、工作流程、组成和接口的技术设计思路，形成了集成数据获取—数据处理—成果传输—现场制图输出—现场地理信息服务—远程视频会商—现场生活保障的一站式、一体化的应急测绘前线勘测技术装备，通过合理布局设计实现了应急测绘前线勘测工作的全国覆盖。这对于提升我国应急测绘前线勘测技术能力、构建国家级应急测绘保障体系具有重要意义。