Marine hazards in coastal areas and human action against them—A case study of the Changjiang River estuaries and Qiantang River

China's eastern coastal area marine hazards (storm surge, erosion and deposition by tidal currents and seawater intrusion) and the history, present situation, experiences and problems of inhabitants in their fight against marine hazards are discussed in this paper, which also suggests counter-measures against, and scientific and rational management of, coastal area marine hazards in order to protect the coastal and estuarine ecosystems.     

RELATIVE SEA LEVEL RISE AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES IN CHINAS COASTAL AREAS

ＲＥＬＡＴＩＶＥＳＥＡＬＥＶＥＬＲＩＳＥＡＮＤＩＴＳＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＮＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＳＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＡＲＥＡＳ￥ＹａｎｇＧｕｉｓｈａｎ（杨桂山）（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙａｎ...     

北海市大陆海岸旅游地质特征及开发建议

广西北海市大陆海岸海滩类型多样，具有典型的滨海沉积标志，反映地壳升降的新构造运动的标志，典型的海蚀标志，突出的小构造形迹，尚好的非金属矿产及众多的滨海生物等。其特征明显，可作为科研、教学基地；进一步开发旅游业和第三产业，又可为北海市赢得较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

Study on surface wave-induced mixing of transport flux residue under typhoon conditions

The transport flux residue of surface waves plays an important role in a variety of ocean phenomena, for example, the change in sea surface temperature(SST) and upper mixed layer profile that were studied in a series of recent papers. In the previous studies, its effect was discussed rigorously and fragmented based on numerical modeling. Here we propose a relatively comprehensive and simplified exposition of the wave transport flux residue, and focus on its influence under typhoon conditions with strong background current. An analogue Reynolds Number is presented for tentative comparison with wave-generated turbulence mixing, especially in the coastal area. Numerical results indicate that both overwhelming dynamical mixing processes can remarkably change the coastal environment, and should not be ignored consciously for further marine hazards assessment.     

IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON COASTAL EROSION IN THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA AND NORTH JIANGSU COASTAL PLAINO

（季子修）（蒋自巽）ＩＭＰＡＣＴＳＯＦＳＥＡＬＥＶＥＬＲＩＳＥＯＮＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＥＲＯＳＩＯＮＩＮＴＨＥＣＨＡＮＧＪＩＡＮＧＲＩＶＥＲＤＥＬＴＡＡＮＤＮＯＲＴＨＪＩＡＮＧＳＵＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＰＬＡＩＮＯ￥ＪｉＺｉｘｉｕ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ...     

论临海社会转型背景下的临海家庭贫困现象——基于湛江临海村落的研究

临海社会转型性家庭贫困现象在临海社会转型过程中出现,主要表现为因海洋资源枯竭及海洋市场洗牌所导致的家庭贫困、因临海经济开发而衍生的家庭贫困等类型。临海社会转型性家庭贫困是临海家庭的社会适应能力与临海社会急剧变迁之间的矛盾产物,富有浓郁的社会公平性问题色彩,它制约了临海社会的顺利转型。在消除临海社会转型性家庭贫困生成的某些宏观社会原因的前提下,发展临海地区文化教育与职业教育,进而提高临海家庭社会适应能力,是消除临海社会转型性家庭贫困现象的关键。     

东营近海海域地质环境质量评价

该文在东营市海洋地质调查获得大量数据的基础上,开展近海海域地质环境质量综合评价,反映近海海域地质环境质量现状和变化趋势,为海洋经济的可持续发展和海洋生态环境保护提供依据。选取海岸侵蚀与淤积、活动断裂与地震、灾害地貌与滑坡、浅层气、底辟、埋藏古河道(古湖泊)、表层沉积物质量、海水质量、软土、砂土液化10项指标,采用层次分析法和综合指数法,对东营市近海海域地质环境质量进行了评价。结果表明:研究区大部分区域地质环境质量为优等和良好级别,面积8875km~2,占总面积的86.58%;中等区主要分布在研究区的北部、东南部和东营港近岸区,面积1200km~2,占总面积的11.71%;较差区主要分布在研究区的北部及黄河口外围海域,面积175km~2,占总面积的1.71%。     

大连金州地区震旦纪─早寒武世地层格架

大连金州地区震旦纪、早寒武世地层发育。本区该套地层可划分为震旦纪辽南超层序和早寒武世满家滩超层序，在其内部又可进一步划分为南关岭层序、棋盘磨层序、陆海层序、葛屯层序、大林子层序和草坨子层序六个层序地层单位。各层序之间均为不整合，其类型包括陆上暴露带、海岸暴露带及海侵面。每个层序仅由海侵体系域和高水位体系域组成。前者为退积地层结构，后者为进积地层，而中间饥饿段却表现为以加积为主，所有变化都与相对海平面及全球海平面变化有关。在此基础上，建立了区域地层格架，指出了本区该时期沉积范围主要在台地之内部（中陆架），局部发育深水陆棚盆地。     

莫桑比克东部沿海锆钛砂矿矿石质量特征——以赞比西亚省5004C矿区为例

滨海砂矿是目前全球最大的潜在海洋矿产资源之一,仅次于石油与天然气。莫桑比克东部沿海滨海砂矿资源丰富,在世界上占有重要地位。该文结合莫桑比克赞比西亚省5004C矿区锆钛砂矿,分析矿石结构与构造、矿石物质组成、矿物含量及变化等矿石质量特征,为莫桑比克东部沿海锆钛砂矿的勘探和开发提供有利信息。     

莱州湾南岸XZK2钻孔晚更新世以来的沉积环境探讨

通过钻孔岩性特征、沉积构造及沉积物粒度、磁化率与测井曲线对莱州湾南岸XZK2钻孔上部晚更新世以来的松散沉积物进行了沉积相划分,结合14C同位素年龄测定,划分了深海氧同位素阶段,表明该地区沉积物磁化率与砂含量曲线具有明显的正相关关系,结合已有研究,证明该地区晚更新世以来古环境经历了三次冷暖交替,而莱州湾西南海岸所发现的相当于沧州海侵、献县海侵和黄骅海侵的三次海侵事件,钻孔上仅见全新世黄骅海侵,沧州海侵、献县海侵相应层位为滨海沉积。     

Saline water intrusion and its influence in the Laizhou area

ImODUcrIONSalinewaterintrusionwasfoundinIsraelqacobsetal.,l96O),Thailand(Sun,l989),Spain(Custodi0,l985)andtheFujiarea,Japan"'InChina,thelargescaleseawaterintru-sioninthelasttwentyyearshasgtaduallyforrneserious,totheextentthattheintrusionareanachedto4OO~5OOkm2inthecoastalareaofShandongProvince(Zha0,l99l,Xueetal.,l992,Qiu,l991).Thereareaisos0mesmallaff~areasinLia0dongPenin-sulaandthesouthcoastareaofChina,lbrexamPle,SubeiPlain(Zhouetal.,l988),GuangxiOi,l988;Chenetal.,l99O)andHainan-…     

南阳市地质灾害现状及防治对策

南阳市自然地质条件复杂 ,生态环境脆弱 ,不仅分布有特殊不良的环境地质条件和由人类活动引起的环境地质问题 ,而且存在严重的地质灾害。该文在论述南阳市环境地质条件的基础上 ,阐述了南阳市地质灾害发育类型、分布特征及危害程度 ,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

Relative sea level rise and its effects on environment and resources in China’s coastal areas

Due to global climate warming and natural and man-made land subsidence etc., relative sea level rise in the coastal plains of China will exceed 2–3 times over the golbal mean value during the first half part of the 21st century. It will result in a series of adverse impacts on evolution of natural environment and socioeconomic development of the coastal area. This paper analyses environmental and resource effects induced by relative sea level rise in China’s coastal areas on the basis of rough estimate of future relative sea level rise. These effects include inundating tidal flat and wetlands and increase in inundated risk of coastal habitable land, exacerbating storm surge. coastal erosion, flooding and salt water intrusion hazards, as well as endangering land, water, tourism and living resources and their utilization.     

基于渔船AIS数据的南海北部海洋渔业捕捞强度空间特征挖掘

高精度渔业捕捞强度数据是开展捕捞限额管理的前提与关键,也是海洋渔业资源可持续发展的重要保障。因此,本文以挖掘海洋渔业捕捞强度空间特征为出发点,选用2018年2、4、9和11月典型季节的中国籍6364艘渔船1.8亿条高时空粒度AIS数据。运用专家知识经验、空间统计及数据挖掘分析方法,以广西南岸北部湾渔场、广东沿岸和环海南岛周边海域为研究区域,对渔业捕捞强度空间特征展开了细致的挖掘与分析。结果表明：① 广东、广西两省（以下简称“两广”）沿岸海域渔业高强度捕捞主要呈现“团块”向外扩张汇聚成“条带”或“更大团块”的特征,而环海南岛周边主要呈现“团块状”特征;② 受渔业从业人员、渔业作业船舶数量、海洋渔场及海域环境影响,“两广”沿岸近海海域捕捞强度明显高于环海南岛周边海域; ③ 高强度捕捞区域主要集中于近岸30~50 km范围内,且近海捕捞强度高于远海区域,归因于研究区内中小型作业渔船占比较高,达50.9%;④ 渔业捕捞活动受农历传统春节及休渔期等政策因素的影响,春节期间的渔业捕捞强度是所选数据覆盖时间范围中最低的,并且休渔期后（9月）渔业捕捞强度明显高于休渔期前（4月）;⑤ 研究区海岸附近的大型渔港对近岸海域的高强度捕捞具有一定的辐射带动效应。本研究通过对高时空粒度的AIS数据进行处理、分析及深度挖掘,可为近岸海洋渔业捕捞强度探析提供重要数据支撑,服务于海洋渔业可持续发展。     

滨州海岸带土壤和海底沉积物重金属空间分布特征

通过对滨州近海海域海底沉积物测试数据及海岸带陆域土壤地球化学分析,对滨州海岸带陆域土壤和海底沉积物中7种重金属(Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni)的空间分布特征进行了研究,并绘制了各指标含量陆海联合分区图。分析结果表明,滨州市海岸带重金属元素含量基本上均低于国标规定的海洋一类沉积物的最高标准,仅有个别元素含量超过一级标准值,表明局部存在一定的重金属污染。从滨州海岸带重金属含量空间分布上来看,除Hg元素外,其余重金属元素含量呈现一定的规律,基本上陆域含量高于海域含量,且大部分元素都呈现出陆域城镇值高,郊区值低的态势。区内化工企业较发达,Ni,Cr属于中度变异区,Cd,Hg,Pb属于高度变异,受人为影响因素较大,考虑区内土壤及海底沉积物重金属富集主要来源于工业"三废"。     

三峡库区崩滑地质灾害变形监测技术研究及应用

以三峡库区巫山-万州段为例,介绍了GPS在滑坡变形监测中的应用,并开展了InSAR和声发射技术在滑坡、危岩体变形监测应用的试验性研究。同时,根据实际需要,还研制了基于GPRS的地质灾害无线遥测系统,实践证明,该系统具有工程应用价值。     

Chinese Marine Economy Development: Dynamic Evolution and Spatial Difference

This study focuses on China's coastal area and its marine economic development. Applying the information diffusion method, the study establishes a kernel density function and its decomposition using a marine economic per capita as the index of the model to depict the dynamic evolution law and the internal influential factors of the Chinese marine economy during 1996–2013. The relative development rate was introduced to analyze the spatial differences in the marine economy's development. In this way, space and time dimensions fully characterized the evolution of the Chinese marine economy. Additionally, the influence of growth and inequality in the process of its development can be analyzed. The study shows that the Chinese marine economy as a whole has been growing, and regional marine economic development is relatively coordinated. In addition, the marine economy began to develop even more rapidly after 2004. There are three factors affecting the dynamic evolution of China's marine economy: first, the most influential mean effect, followed by, second, the variance effect, and third, the least influential residual effect. The biggest influence on the dynamic evolution of the marine economy is the improvement of the development level of the marine economy in the coastal area. Meanwhile, due to the existence of inequality, provinces at higher development levels are more dispersed. Furthermore, the existence of the residual effect weakens the influence of the mean effect, and the influence on the dynamic evolution of the marine economy continuously increases. In the analysis of the influencing factors of the evolution and spatial difference of marine economic development, the level of opening to the outside world, the level of investment in fixed assets and the industrial structure have a positive role in promoting economic development. However, capital investment in scientific human research has a negative correlation with economic development, and does not pass the significant test. The difference in regional development levels and development speed is also very apparent; namely, the provinces with higher development levels generally displayed faster development speeds while those with lower development levels showed slower development speeds across the four periods analyzed.     

Measuring Chinese Marine Environmental Efficiency: A Spatiotemporal Pattern Analysis

Environmental efficiency standards are often used to evaluate the costs of oceanic economic development. A variety of statistical analyses were applied in this study to quantify the marine environmental efficiency of 11 Chinese coastal provinces and municipalities between 2000 and 2014. Results initially reveal that environmental efficiency measures that incorporate undesirable outputs are more consistent with real production conditions and thus the use of marine economic and environmental efficiencies supplement and complement one another. Second, overall marine environmental efficiency across China tends to be low and can be spatially characterized by a transformation such that the inefficiencies noted in 2000 have subsequently been transformed to comprise a three-tiered structure that encompasses northern, central, and southern cores. Third, variation in absolute and relative marine environmental efficiency differences for the coastal regions of China have been consistent over time; values initially decreased before increasing again in a fluctuating manner over the time period of this analysis. Fourth, data show that the Pearl River Delta area has experienced the highest rate of change in marine environmental efficiency over time when economic zones are used as basic research units, although values have nevertheless fluctuated significantly. Fifth, values for total factor productivity as well as technical efficiency and change across the Chinese marine economy all fluctuated over time but increased. Data show that changes in marine environmental efficiency across China can primarily be attributed to progress in marine science and technology. Finally, levels of capital investment and marine industrial pollution intensity are not significantly correlated with marine environmental efficiency. Indeed, both marine industrial structural levels and environmental protection technologies have had a positive effect on environmental efficiency while levels of investment in marine scientific research as well as the scale of economic development, the marine economy, and the degree of external openness have all exerted negative effects on this key variable.     

The possibility analysis of habitats, origin and reappearance of bloom green alga （Enteromorpha prolifera） on inshore of western Yellow Sea

Combining some information from field investigation of algae along the coastal areas in China and a few pictures materialized from the western Yellow Sea in 2008,authors analyze the necessary conditions and possible water area in China producing a large biomass,some reasons for firestorm,and the possibility of the reappearance of marine bloom green alga Enteromorpha prolifera.The change of habitats and the increase of nutritional levels related to the water area could be considered as direct reasons.It was ...     

Distribution and Characteristics of Hazardous Geological Features in the Marine Coastal and Offshore Areas of Zhejiang Province,East China Sea

Newly acquired high-resolution shallow seismic profiles(7069 km in length) in the coastal and offshore areas of Zhejiang Province, East China Sea, China, have revealed eight marine hazardous geological features: shallow gas, sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, irregular bedrock features, underwater shoals, buried paleo-channels, and submarine deltas. Based on the seismic profiles, we have constructed a marine geological map of these hazardous features. Shallow gas accumulations are common and occur mainly in two separate nearshore regions that cover 4613 and 3382 km~2 respectively. There are also scattered shallow gas accumulations in the offshore area, typically accompanied by paleo-channels that occur mainly in the middle of the study area. Sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, and irregular bedrock features are found mainly in the northeast of the study area in association with each other. In the southeastern part of the study area, the sand ridges have a linear form and trend NW–SE, representing the western part of the linear sand ridges in the East China Sea. The maximum slope gradient is 1?, which suggests that this area is prone to landslides. These hazardous marine geological features are important to marine and engineering activities in this region.