世界级湿地“长成记”——浙江南麂岛海洋生态保护修复工作纪实

<正>今年2月,在第27个世界湿地日,素有“世界贝藻王国”之称的浙江平阳南麂列岛,被列入国际重要湿地名录,成为浙江省继西溪湿地之后的第二个世界级湿地。戴上“世界级”的王冠后,南麂列岛又有了一张全新的名片——浙江平阳南麂列岛国际重要湿地（以下简称“南麂列岛湿地”）,位于南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区内（以下简称“南麂保护区”）。     

南麂列岛海洋自然保护区海岸要素的IKONOS图像地学分析

海岛 ,特别是一些面积小的岛屿 ,处于复杂的环境中 ,具有陆地与海洋的多种尺度特征。 IKONOS卫星遥感图像是现有遥感信息中空间分辨率最高的卫星数据之一 ,因此是海岛详细探测、大比例尺遥感分析的重要信息源。南麂列岛作为国家级海洋自然保护区 ,素有“贝藻王国”之称 ,具有典型性和示范性。本文是利用 IKONOS卫星遥感图像研究南麂列岛岸线特征、人工构筑物与近海目标以及土地覆盖的初步成果。结果表明它对细小目标的探测具有很大的潜力。     

南麂列岛浅海区鱼种组成、分布与环境因子的关系

根据2013年11月、2014年2、5、9月在南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区浅海区域的渔业资源调查资料,研究南麂列岛浅海区域的鱼类种类组成及数量分布,并对其与水文环境因子之间的关系作定量分析。结果表明,南麂列岛浅海区域鱼类有92种,隶属15目、49科、74属,鱼类种数春季(55种)冬季(45种)秋季(44种)夏季(34种),其中优势种为龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)、六指马鲅(Polynemus sextarius)、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys)、凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)和绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys kumu)等6种。鱼类生物量各季节由高到低依次为夏季(825.87 kg)冬季(160.05 kg)秋季(139.14 kg)春季(124.94kg)。典范对应分析认为,底层盐度和水深是影响调查海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布的主要环境因子。     

南极Grove山自然保护区信息系统的设计与实现

位于东南极Grove山地区的天然地质和独特地貌有助于解决许多重大的科学问题.为了保护该地区特殊的科学价值、美学价值和荒野价值,中国提出了建立南极Grove山自然保护区的设想,如何有效管理该地区的信息资源,为保护区的设立和管理提供决策支持成了一个急需解决的问题.本文介绍了南极自然保护区的研究现状,分析了南极Grove山自然保护信息系统数据特点,以及功能和性能需求,设计了双重模式(C/S模式和B/S模式)三层体系框架(数据层、应用层和表现层)的南极Grove山自然保护区信息系统,在此基础上,采用组件式GIS和Web GIS技术实现了原型系统,从而为Grove山空间数据和专题数据的有效管理,以及自然保护区的决策支持管理,提供了保护区信息交流与共享的平台.     

海洋功能区划管理信息系统

海洋开发利用和保护已成为全球的热点。如何合理地利用海洋资源是未来社会经济可持续发展的重大问题。海洋功能区划是为实现海洋资源、社会经济可持续发展的重要举措。海洋功能区划管理信息系统是在地理信息系统的支持下,以海洋功能区划数据、基础地理数据和遥感数据为地理实体对象,集知识、分析、决策和服务为一体的系统。该系统从应用角度为空间数据管理和信息共享提供了一种可行的解决方案。本文以福建省海洋功能区划管理信息系统的建设为例,对系统的总体结构、功能、数据库和系统集成等方面进行了探讨。     

多源地学信息系统数据字典设计与实现

随着GIS应用的深入和广泛 ,空间数据元数据的重要性愈加明显和突出。在探讨空间数据元数据的概念、内容、功能和作用的基础上 ,针对多源地学信息系统元数据的组织和管理———数据字典的设计及其实现技术和方法进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,以数据库管理系统建立的空间数据元数据的数据字典不仅在多源地学信息系统设计、建设和应用阶段具有指导意义 ,而且对用户在使用空间数据的过程中提供查询和说明空间数据的质量和可靠性方面具有实际应用价值。     

温州印象

8月16日至19日,我随省直机关摄影协会会长来到温州采风,受到了当地国土资源部门的热情接待。我们到了平阳县的南麂列岛、苍南县的渔寮和洞头岛拍摄,美丽奇妙的海岛风光让我们兴奋不已,迷恋其中。现分别记述,让朋友们一起分享海岛迷人的景色。     

南大港湿地旅游信息系统的功能模块与应用

南大港湿地旅游信息系统 (简称 NWTIS)是适应南大港湿地生态旅游需要而精心设计与开发的。系统采用 Visual Basic的语言编辑及可视化数据库管理和 Map Info的图元输出功能进行系统集成 ,开发了基于 Windows风格的 NWTIS,实现了大量属性和空间数据的查询、分析和图文显示。     

广州城市规划信息系统的数据开发

本文对城市规划信息系统面临的数据问题、城市规划与空间数据的关系进行了分析 ,同时总结了广州城市规划信息系统的数据构成 ,并着重探讨了广州城市规划信息系统开发过程中.各种数据的采集和组建。     

基于MapX的工程测量信息系统设计与实现

采用GIS管理测量数据是提高城市勘测效率的重要基础。本文介绍了利用MapX组件开发广州市建设工程测量信息系统,实现了建设工程测量图形与属性数据之间的双向查询。侧重研究建设工程测量的数据组织形式,以及空间信息和属性信息之间的关联。实验证明,利用MapX组件能高效地建造建设工程测量信息系统;系统中的空间数据结构设计合理,能较好地实现建设工程测量数据的录入、查询以及综合管理等系统要求。     

基于景观格局指数的基本农田保护区集中连片性研究——以济南市历城区为例

耕地与基本农田保护是我国土地管理、土地利用规划的重要内容。新一轮土地利用总体规划修编及数据库建设中要求基本农田调整布局更加集中连片。该文应用景观格局指数,研究了济南市历城区基本农田保护区规划调整中集中连片性的变化。结果表明,除保护区图斑面积标准差外,图斑平均面积、图斑面积变异系数、图斑边界密度、最大斑块指数、平均欧式邻近距离5项指标均表明,规划调整后基本农田保护区布局上更加集中连片。为基本农田保护区布局的集中连片性判断提供了简便易行的方法。     

Impact of land expropriation on farmers' livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan,China

Research on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households is of great significance to mitigating rural poverty and reasonable land expropriation policy helps to realize better livelihoods and sustainable development. Scholars have conducted considerable research on the relationships between land expropriation and farmers. livelihoods. However,few quantitative studies have used the characteristics of villages as control variables to systematically analyze the impact of land expropriation on farmers.livelihood capital and strategy in the mountainous and hilly regions of China. This study uses the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM)to systematically explain the impact of landexpropriation on farmers. livelihoods in mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan in 2013, with the characteristics of the village including income,accessibility and terrain as control variables. The analysis uses both representative sample data of 240 rural households and spatial data calculated using a 30 m Digital Elevation Model(DEM) by Geographic Information System(GIS). Results are as follows:(1)The land expropriation characteristics are negatively affected by village accessibility. Villages with worse accessibility tend to have fewer land parcels and less land area expropriated. Additionally, land that is expropriated from inaccessible villages tends to receive less compensation.(2) Natural capital is negatively affected by number and area of land expropriation. Natural capital is not only directly affected by village accessibility, but also indirectlyaffected by village accessibility through the mediating effect of the number and area of land parcels expropriated.(3) Physical capital is positively affected by compensation for land expropriation, and negatively affected by village accessibility through compensation for land expropriation. The worse a village.s accessibility/location is, the less compensation it will receive for land expropriation,resulting in lower physical capital.(4) Financial capital is negatively affected by village accessibility indirectly through compensation for land expropriation. The better the village.s accessibility is,the greater is its compensation for land expropriation and, hence, the greater is its financial capital.(5)Social capital is directly and negatively affected by the number and area of land parcels expropriated, and is indirectly and positively affected by village accessibility through the number and area of land parcels expropriated. This study enhances our understanding of the characteristics of land expropriation and rural households. livelihood as well as the impact of land expropriation on rural households. livelihood. These findings provide reference for the formulation of proper policies related to land expropriation and the improvement of rural households. livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.     

Conflict between wild boars(Sus scrofa) and farmers:distribution,impacts,and suggestions for management of wild boars in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Economic losses caused by wild boars(Sus scrofa)continue to increase in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.We selected 206 farmers in Wuqiaohe Basin as survey respondents using random stratified sampling.The distribution and impacts of wild boars were examined using a questionnaire survey and spatial analysis.The results showed that:(1)The density of farmer settlements is low and most peasants'households are located on the forest edge.Due to large-scale labor migration,a high proportion of farmland(25.85%)has been abandoned and an even higher proportion of farmland(40.48%)has been returned to forest.(2)The probability of wild boar damage to peasant households was 67.96%.Yields of corn and sweet potato decreased by 24.87%and 28.24%,respectively,with a total economic loss of approximately 2,590,100 RMB/yr in the Wuqiaohe basin.Sixty-five percent of the affected cultivatedlands were located within approximately 150 m of the forest edges.(3)The wild boar damage coefficient was significantly and negatively correlated with the distance between the peasants'household and the forest edge,the density of the settlements,and the area of cultivated land.The wild boar damage coefficient shows a significant positive correlation with the area of farmland returned to forest.(4)The damage activity caused by wild boars began to occur7-8 years ago,and the destruction has been more frequently and seriously observed in the last 4-5 years.(5)We make suggestions for wild boar control and management measures including developing a compensation policy.The compensation standard is related to the land area returning from farmland to forests and the actual cultivated land area.     

Soil aggregates and fractal features under different land use types in a frequent debris flow area

The stability of soil aggregates and the fractal characteristics of four typical land use types(farmland,grassland,woodland,and bare land) in the Jiangjiagou Ravine(Yunnan,China),a frequent debris flow occurring area,were studied according to the normal mean mass diameter and fractal theory.The present research showed that the stability of the soil aggregates was different for the different land use types.When the soil depth was 0-30 cm,farmland soil formed more aggregates with diameters greater than 0.25 mm,i.e.,the farmland soil was more stable than that of the other three land uses.When the soil depth was 30-45 cm,the order of stability of the soil aggregates was woodland > grassland > farmland > bare land.The fractal dimensions had a significant linear positive correlation with the amount of soil particles with diameters of <0.25 mm,and a significant negative linear correlation with the amount of soil particles with diameters of 0.25-0.5 mm,0.5-1 mm and 1-2 mm.Smaller fractal dimensions of the soil particles correlated with more stable soil aggregates.The fractal dimensions had a positive linear correlation with the soil bulk density and a negative correlation with the concentration of organic matter.These results showed that soil aggregates can be used as a parameter for characterizing the soil structures and properties.According to these results,the soil particle fractal dimensions could not only objectively characterize the stability of the soil structure but also could be used to indicate soil structure and properties.In addition,these results have great significance for the discussion of the comprehensive evaluation of soil.     

Modeling patch characteristics of farmland loss for site assessment in urban fringe of Beijing, China

Farmland protection and delimitation in the urban fringe considers not only natural factors but also the spatial characters and site factors. Taking Daxing District, Beijing in China as a case study, this paper used landscape ecology and power-law methods to analyze and evaluate farmland loss during the period of 2004-2007 based on the interpretation results of SPOT5 remote sensing images in 2004 and 2007. At the patch level, we selected four landscape indices, namely patch size, shape index, the nearest neighbor distance between farmland and construction land (including residential land and other construction land), and cropping type, to evaluate the risk of farmland loss and establish a farmland site analysis indicator system. The results showed that patch size and shape index have a significant positive correlation with farmland loss, whereas the distance to construction land has a clear negative correlation with farmland loss. As regards cropping type, fallow farmland is much easier for non-agricultural use than cultivated farmland. The relative transition ratio among vegetable land, fallow farmland and cultivated farmland is 1︰5.6︰1. The patch size of lost farmland follows a power-law distribution, indicating that not only small parcels but also large parcels can be lost. Patch size less than 4 ha or more than 15 ha is in high loss risk, between 4 ha and 10 ha in medium loss risk, and larger than 10 ha and less than 15 ha in low risk. Farmland with a more regular shape has a higher likelihood of loss. Patch shape index less than 2.0 is in high loss risk, between 2.0 and 3.0 in medium loss risk, and larger than 3.0 in low risk. Construction land has a varying impact on farmland loss, the residential land effected distance is 1000 m, and that of the other construction land is 2000 m. This analysis showed the relationships between site factors and farmland loss, and the analysis framework can provide support and reference for farmland protection and delimitation of prime farmland in China.     

生态化土地整治视角下的村域“三生”空间营造

目前,我国的土地整治已进入生态化土地整治阶段。作为一种多类型、多尺度的综合生态治理系统,生态化土地整治可以从区域和工程尺度开展村域空间布局和工程设计,营造村域生态空间、生产空间和生活空间。村域生态空间营造可以通过村域绿色基础设施构建,形成绿色网络空间;村域生产空间(主要是农业生产空间)营造主要是通过生态化农田整理工程布局和单体工程设计,提升生态服务价值;村落生活空间营造可以通过村落空间格局塑造、街巷空间组织,庭院空间布局和公共空间建设等多个层次,形成营造适宜的居住空间。     

即墨市基本农田数据库建设及应用

利用基本农田保护数据库及基本农田保护管理信息系统,建立起农田网络化管理运行体系,实现基本农田保护基础信息与日常更新管理的计算机化、网络化;保证基本农田信息的现势性,快速准确掌握基本农田现状与利用变化情况,进一步加强对基本农田保护的监督与管理,更好地保护耕地资源,使国土管理工作更好的服务于即墨市的经济发展。     

FARMLAND AND URBAN AREA DYNAMICS MONITORING INCHINA USING REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIALSTATISTICS METHODOLOGY

1 INTRODUCTIONGlobal change research involves much geo-objectsand geo-process, such as climate and environmentalchange, substance and energy cycling, land-use/land-cover change (LUCC), interactivity between human and nature, etc.. So it need cooperation frommany research communities including international research programs groups such as IGBP (InternationalGeosphere-Biosphere Programme IPCC (Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change), IHDP (InternationalHuman Dimension Program o…     

30年来蒙古国和内蒙古的LUCC区域分异

本文以欧空局300m土地覆盖数据集为基础,参考20世纪70年代至2005年2期蒙古高原遥感影像,建立20世纪70年代、2005年2期土地利用及动态数据库,结合土地利用变化数量模型,分析了蒙古国与内蒙古的土地利用类型转换情况。对比分析蒙古国和内蒙古近30年来的土地利用变化强度及各地类间的转移变化,揭示2个区域的LUCC分异规律,并对土地变化的驱动力进行分析。结果显示:在自然条件及人类扰动共同作用下,蒙古国及内蒙古均表现出草地面积逐年减少,草地退化趋势明显;裸地面积不断增加,沙漠化现象严重;农田及城镇建设用地面积持续增长;水域面积呈现衰减;未利用地是其他各种土地利用类型增加的主要来源;由于人类扰动差异,蒙古国林地面积略有减少,内蒙古林地面积大幅增加。气候干暖化、人口增长,政策及社会经济发展等是驱动蒙古高原土地利用变化的主要因素。