Spatial and seasonal aspects of beach stability

Recent work at three contrasting sites in England and Wales has shown characteristics atypical of those frequently reported elsewhere. These differences are:

• (a) Taking each entire beach system there is no uniform trend of erosion or accretion, nor a progressive variation in beach elevation or volume alongshore, from one survey to the next. However, for Swansea Bay the ‘long-term’ (i. e. 18 months) range in profile height along that stretch of coast where the alignment of the beach is normal to the direction of wave approach, correlates well with computed wave energy derived from relevant offshore wave directions.
• (b) While beach variability is greatest during the ‘winter’ (i. e. storm) period there is no overall tendency for a drawdown of sediment from the intertidal zone at that time. Response times are relatively short. Thus high beach levels need not necessarily be associated with ‘summer’ conditions.
• (c) Although in Swansea Bay there is a tendency for the beach height to fluctuate least at mid-tide level this is not true of the other two sites. In no area does sediment eroded from the upper exposed part of the beach regularly appear to be deposited on the lower exposed part, or vice versa.

     

MEASURED UNDERWATER NEAR-FIELD E-PATTERNS OF A PULSED,HORIZONTAL DIPOLE ANTENNA IN AIR: COMPARISON WITH THE THEORY OF THE CONTINUOUS WAVE,INFINITESIMAL ELECTRIC DIPOLE1

At Delft Geotechnics the technique of ground-penetrating radar is in use for the detection of buried objects such as pipes. To enable us to give our ‘measurements in the field’ a more quantitative interpretation than can be deduced from these alone, a series of experiments has been started under well-defined conditions. A cylindrical vessel containing water simulates wet soil. Mounted horizontally above the water surface is a pulsed triangular half-wave dipole which is used as a transmitting antenna (TA). It has a carrier-frequency of about 160 MHz and a pulse repetition-frequency of about 50 kHz. A movable receiving dipole (‘probe’) in the water measures the transverse, mutually orthogonal E_φ,- and E_θ-components of the pulses as a function of probe-position (r, θ, φ) and of the height h of the TA above the water surface. When these pulses are Fourier-transformed, the transverse electric fields E_φ and E_θ at 200 MHz are obtained. The resulting field patterns are compared with computational results on the basis of the theory of the continuous wave, infinitesimal electric dipole (‘point dipole’). It can be concluded that:

• 1 Far-field conditions have not fully developed at a depth of about 2.50 m, the largest value of the radius r at which field patterns were measured, although it represents a distance of about 15 wavelengths.
• 2 The attenuation constant of the tapwater used, as deduced from E-field measurements for θ= 0, 2.50 m < r < 2.75 m, is slightly less than the value measured using a network analyser and air line combination, in agreement with (1).
• 3 E _φ field patterns calculated using the value of the conductivity σ corresponding to the former value of the attenuation constant agree reasonably well with the measured patterns for r≤ 2.50 m and for θ < 20° at all antenna heights considered. Calculated Eφ patterns do not agree so well with the measured patterns when h is close to zero. With increasing height the agreement inproves.
• 4 In accordance with the theory of the point-dipole, the angular distribution of the radiation patterns of the TA becomes wider as the frequency decreases.
• 5 The normalized underwater pulse-spectra shift to lower frequencies with increasing r. This can be explained since the attenuation constant of the water rises with rising frequency.

     

Geophysical aspects of man-made electromagnetic noise in the earth—A review

The paper gives a summary of geophysical aspects of man-made electromagnetic noise in the Earth as follows:

- EM distortion effects of man-made constructions below and over the Earth's surface defined as ‘passive-noise’,

- field observation of EM disturbances due to ‘active’ man-made sources,

- EM source mechanism of some important active sources from a geophysical point of view,

- efforts in order to improve the signal-to noise ratio by instrumental, methodological and dataprocessing ways,

- application of man-made EM noise for geophysical prospecting.

The paper is based on world-wide EM noise survey studies published mainly in geophysical journals.     

Coastal storm characterization and morphological impacts on sandy coasts

The present work deals with storm classification, using the Storm Power Index, and beach morphological response to storm events in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain). Over the 1958–2001 period, 377 events divided into five classes ranging from ‘weak’ to ‘extreme’ were characterized. Classes I (weak) and II (moderate) accounted for 60% and 23% of events, respectively. Class III (significant), were 9% of the recorded events and Classes IV (severe) and V (extreme) accounted for 5% and 2%, respectively. The probability of storm occurrence per year ranged from 93% for Class I to 15% for Class V. In order to characterize beach response to storm events, 214 beach profiles carried out with a monthly periodicity over the 1996–1998 period along the Chipiona‐Rota littoral were analysed, as well as published data. Different beach types were observed: (i) ‘Intermediate’ beaches underwent important vertical relief changes ranging from 0.3 m to 1.33 m associated with average slope changes from tan β = 0.06 to tan β = 0.03; (ii) the ‘dissipative’ beaches were characterized by smaller and homogeneous foreshore vertical changes, from c. 0.36 m to 0.65 m, according to the parallel retreat mechanism characterized by small slope variations (from tan β = 0.025 to tan β = 0.035); and (iii) ‘intermediate with rock shore platform’ experienced small morphological and foreshore slope variations, related to both beach pivoting and parallel retreat mechanisms. The most important morphological changes were due to the impact of usually ‘weak’ and ‘moderate’ events during October and November that produced berm erosion and upper foreshore lowering, and the impact of ‘severe’, ‘significant’ and ‘extreme’ events in December and January which produced dune escarpment, overwash and/or damage to coastal structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Note sur la famille des Oscillatoriacées

Owing to a critical examination of the taxonomic characteristics ofOscillatoria, such as gas vacuoles, calyptra, sheath, arrangement of the trichome, etc., this family has to be redefined. It is divided into two tribes:

1. The ‘Vaginariées’ or rather the Schizothricées (Oscillatoria which have developed sheaths withseveral trichomes).
2. The ‘Lyngbyées’, with or without sheath which only contain one trichome.

The first tribe includes the speciesSchizothrix (encompassingHydrocoleum, Dasygloe, Oligoclonium, Lyngbyopsis), Microcoleus (withSirocoleus) andPorphyrosiphon. The tribe of the ‘Lyngbyées’ is composed of theOscillatoria species (includingSpirulina, Arthrospira, Spirulinopsis, Glaucospira [?] andJuguspira [?]),Lyngbya (withPhormidium, Symploca, Katagnymene, Pelagothrix, Haliarachne, Proterendothrix, Cirrosiphon, Cyanohydnum) andCrinalium. The systematic position fo the four speciesIsocystis, Borzia, Sinaiella andPseudanabaena is somewhat doubtful and must be examined more closely for clarification.     

Conference listing

• AGI 2004 Ocean Sciences Meeting
• Portland, Oregon, USA
• 26–30 January 2004
• Sponsor: AGU
• Contact: A Singer, AGU, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA
• Tel: +1 202 777 7340
• Fax: +1 202 328 0566
• E‐mail: asinger@agu.org
• Website: agu.org/meetings/

• International Conference on Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping
• Sosnowiec, Poland
• 16–19 June 2004
• Contact: Dr Andrzej J. Witkowski, Secretariat of the Conference, University of Silesia, B?dzińska Str., 60, 41‐200 Sosnowiec, Poland
• Tel: +48 32 291 68 88
• Fax: +48 32 291 58 65
• E‐mail: switkows@us.edu.pl
• Website: http://khgi.wnoz.us.edu.pl/vulnerability.htm

• BHS International Conference on ‘Hydrology: Science and Practise for the 21^st Century’
• Imperial College, London
• 12–16 July 2004
• Contact: Dr Adrian Butler
• Tel: 020 7954 6122
• Fax: 020 7594 6124
• E‐mail: a.butler@ic.ac.uk
• Website: http://www.hydrology.org.uk/index.html

• 32^nd International Geological Congress
• Florence, Italy
• 20–28 August 2004
• Website: www.32igc.org

• XXXIII Congress of IAH—Conference on Groundwater Flow Understanding: From Local to Regional Scale. Joint Conference IAH/ALHSUD
• Mexico
• 11–15 October 2004
• E‐mail: aih@igris.igeograf.unam.mx
• Website: www.igeograf.unam.mx/aih

If you would like your conference included please E‐mail details to Anne Flynn. E‐mail: aflynn@wiley.co.uk Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Morphology of riffle–pool sequences in the River Severn,England

Despite the occurrence of riffle–pool sequences in many rivers there are few data concerning riffle–pool unit morphology. Of many criteria proposed to identify riffle–pool units, only three methods can be regarded as objective and robust. These are the ‘zero‐crossing’, the ‘spectral analysis’ and the ‘control‐point’ methods. In this paper statistics are developed using the first two of these methods to describe the streamwise morphology of 275 riffles and 285 pools which form a continuous 32·1 km reach of the bed of the River Severn in Shropshire, England. Yalin's theoretical relationship between the average riffle:pool unit length ( λ _p) and channel width ( W ), λ _p = 3 W , applies to the River Severn. Reach‐average riffle height ( H ) is a constant proportion of bankfull depth ( h ); typically H ≅ 0·16 h . Riffle height is a positive function of riffle length. Pool depth is a positive function of pool length. However, both riffle length and pool length increase more rapidly than the bed‐level amplitude, such that long riffles or pools are relatively ‘flat’. As channel gradient reduces, bedforms flatten and become more asymmetric as riffle stoss sides and the proximal slope of pools lengthen at the expense of riffle lee sides and pool distal slopes. The statistical relationships between riffle steepness (H/L) and water depth are similar to those for equilibrium subaqueous dunes. The Severn data are consistent with Yalin's theoretical analysis relating riffle bedform length (L _r) to water depth, i.e. L _r = α2π h, wherein α ≅ 1 for steep near‐equilibrium bedforms but α ≅ 2 to 3 as the relative depth decreases and riffles become long, low features. Theoretical consideration and turbulence data indicate that the frequency of coherent turbulent‐flow structures associated with the riffle–pool mixing length in the Severn should be of the order of 50 to 100 s. The morphological similarity of the steepest River Severn riffles with dunes raises intriguing questions with respect to self‐similar, convergent organization of periodic alluvial bedforms and to bedform dynamic classification particularly. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conference listing

• World Water and Environmental Resources Congress
• Salt Lake City, USA
• 27 June–1 July 2004
• Website: http://www.asce.org/conferences/ewri2004

• DEFRA Flood and Coastal Management Conference
• York, UK
• 29 June–1 July 2004
• Email: rceg@defra.gsi.gov.uk

• 2nd Asia Pacific Association of Hydrology and Water Resources (APHW) Conference
• Singapore
• 5–8 July 2004

• Watershed 2004
• Michigan, USA
• 11–14 July 2004
• Website: http://www.wef.org/conferences

• BHS International Conference on ‘Hydrology: Science and Practise for the 21^st Century’
• Imperial College, London
• 12–16 July 2004
• Contact: Dr Adrian Butler
• Tel: 020 7954 6122 Fax: 020 7594 6124
• E‐mail: a.butler@ic.ac.uk
• Website: http://www.hydrology.org.uk/index.html

• XXIII Nordic Hydrological Conference
• Tallinn, Estonia
• 8–12 August 2004
• Website: http://www.emhi.ee/english.English_Hydr_Inter‐new.php3

• Hydro Vision 2004 Best Practices, New Ideas, Opportunities
• Montreal, Canada
• 16–20 August 2004
• Website: http://www.hcipub.com/hydrovision/index.asp

• World Water Week and Symposium
• Stockholm, Sweden
• 16–20 August 2004
• Website: http://www.siwi.org

• Italia 2004 32^nd International Geological Congress “From the Mediterranean Area Toward a Global Geological Renaissance” Geology, Natural Hazards and Cultural Heritage
• Florence
• 20–28 August 2004
• Contact: Chiara Manetti, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira, 4‐50121 Firenze, Italy
• Tel/Fax: +39 055 2382146
• Email: casaitalia@geo.unifi.it

• Good Water Governance for People & Nature: What Roles for Law, Institutions, Science & Finance
• Dundee, Scotland
• 29 August–1 September 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/meetings/Dundee2004/index.html

• XXII Conference of the Danubian Countries on the Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management
• Brno, Czech Republic
• 30 August–2 September 2004
• Email: michelot@geol.u‐psud.fr

• International Conference on Hydrology of Mountain Environments
• Berchtesgaden, Germany
• 27 September–1 October 2004
• Email: schroeder@bafg.de

• XXXIII Congress of IAH—Conference on Groundwater Flow Understanding: From Local to Regional Scale. Joint Conference IAH/ALHSUD
• Mexico
• 11–15 October 2004
• E‐mail: aih@igris.igeograf.unam.mx
• Website: www.igeograf.unam.mx/aih

• Hydro4
• Galway, Ireland
• 2–4 November 2004
• Contact: Susan Haley, Hydro4, 74 Callington Road, Saltash, Cornwall, PL12 6DY, UK
• E‐mail: hydro4@hydrographicsociety.org

• International Association of Hydrological Sciences Scientific Assembly
• Foz do lguaçu, Brazil
• 3–9 April 2005
• Website: www.cig.ensmp.fr/～iahs

• Acid Rain 2005 7th International Conference on Acid Deposition
• Prague, Czech Republic
• 12–17 June 2005
• Contact: Jaroslav Santroch Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic
• Tel: +420 24 1765803
• Fax: +420 24 1760689
• E‐mail: info@acidrain2005.cz
• Website: http://www.acidrain2005.cz

• 10th International Symposium on the Interactions between Sediments and Water
• Lake Bled, Slovenia
• 28th August–2nd September 2005
• Website: http://www.wsc.monash.edu.au/iasws/2005symposium.htm

• EnvironmexAsia2
• Singapore
• 29th November–2nd December 2005
• Website: http://www.environmexasia.com

If you would like your conference included please E‐mail details to Anne Flynn. E‐mail: aflynn@wiley.co.uk Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Detection of aliphatic hydrocarbons derived by recent “bio-conversion” from fossil fuel oil in North Sea waters

The higher boiling point range of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon fractions extracted from North Sea water have been re-investigated in detail with improved high resolution glass capillary columns suitable for high temperature gas-chromatography. The resulting chromatograms reveal hydrocarbon patterns, most of which have the same common feature: a smooth distribution of the long-chain n-alkanes combined with a lack of the branched alkanes normally expected for fossil fuel oil. Instead, two homologous series of iso- and anteiso-alkanes could be detected. Since this finding is always associated with traces of present or past fossil fuel oil contamination of the upper water column, these environmental n-, iso and anteisoalkanes are considered to be recently ‘bio-converted’ from fossil fuel oil hydrocarbons. They form a third group beside recent biogenic and fossil petrogenic hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Oil pollution records of the marine environment will have to take into account this group of microbial hydrocarbons.     

Conference listing

• World Water and Environmental Resources Congress
• Salt Lake City, USA
• 27 June–1 July 2004
• Website: http://www.asce.org/conferences/ewri2004

• DEFRA Flood and Coastal Management Conference
• York, UK
• 29 June–1 July 2004
• Email: rceg@defra.gsi.gov.uk

• 2nd Asia Pacific Association of Hydrology and Water Resources (APHW) Conference
• Singapore
• 5–8 July 2004

• Watershed 2004
• Michigan, USA
• 11–14 July 2004
• Website: http://www.wef.org/conferences

• BHS International Conference on ‘Hydrology: Science and Practise for the 21^st Century’
• Imperial College, London
• 12–16 July 2004
• Contact: Dr Adrian Butler
• Tel: 020 7954 6122 Fax: 020 7594 6124
• E‐mail: a.butler@ic.ac.uk
• Website: http://www.hydrology.org.uk/index.html

• XXIII Nordic Hydrological Conference
• Tallinn, Estonia
• 8–12 August 2004
• Website: http://www.emhi.ee/english.English_Hydr_Inter‐new.php3

• Hydro Vision 2004 Best Practices, New Ideas, Opportunities
• Montreal, Canada
• 16–20 August 2004
• Website: http://www.hcipub.com/hydrovision/index.asp

• World Water Week and Symposium
• Stockholm, Sweden
• 16–20 August 2004
• Website: http://www.siwi.org

• Italia 2004 32^nd International Geological Congress “From the Mediterranean Area Toward a Global Geological Renaissance” Geology, Natural Hazards and Cultural Heritage
• Florence
• 20–28 August 2004
• Contact: Chiara Manetti, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira, 4‐50121 Firenze, Italy
• Tel/Fax: +39 055 2382146
• Email: casaitalia@geo.unifi.it

• Good Water Governance for People & Nature: What Roles for Law, Institutions, Science & Finance
• Dundee, Scotland
• 29 August–1 September 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/meetings/Dundee2004/index.html

• XXII Conference of the Danubian Countries on the Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management
• Brno, Czech Republic
• 30 August–2 September 2004
• Email: michelot@geol.u‐psud.fr

• International Conference on Hydrology of Mountain Environments
• Berchtesgaden, Germany
• 27 September–1 October 2004
• Email: schroeder@bafg.de

• XXXIII Congress of IAH—Conference on Groundwater Flow Understanding: From Local to Regional Scale. Joint Conference IAH/ALHSUD
• Mexico
• 11–15 October 2004
• E‐mail: aih@igris.igeograf.unam.mx
• Website: www.igeograf.unam.mx/aih

• Hydro4
• Galway, Ireland
• 2–4 November 2004
• Contact: Susan Haley, Hydro4, 74 Callington Road, Saltash, Cornwall, PL12 6DY, UK
• E‐mail: hydro4@hydrographicsociety.org

• International Association of Hydrological Sciences Scientific Assembly
• Foz do lguaçu, Brazil
• 3–9 April 2005
• Website: www.cig.ensmp.fr/～iahs

• Acid Rain 2005 7th International Conference on Acid Deposition
• Prague, Czech Republic
• 12–17 June 2005
• Contact: Jaroslav Santroch Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic
• Tel: +420 24 1765803
• Fax: +420 24 1760689
• E‐mail: info@acidrain2005.cz
• Website: http://www.acidrain2005.cz

• 10th International Symposium on the Interactions between Sediments and Water
• Lake Bled, Slovenia
• 28th August–2nd September 2005
• Website: http://www.wsc.monash.edu.au/iasws/2005symposium.htm

• EnvironmexAsia2
• Singapore
• 29th November–2nd December 2005
• Website: http://www.environmexasia.com

If you would like your conference included please E‐mail details to Anne Flynn. E‐mail: aflynn@wiley.co.uk Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conference listing

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Resources III
• Nashville, TN
• 17–19 May 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/meetings/Nashville2004/index.html

• CGU/AGU/SEG
• Montreal, Quebec
• 17–21 May 2004
• Website: http://www.agu.org/meetings/sm04/

• North American Genthological Society Meeting
• Vancouver, BC
• 6–10 June 2004
• Website: http://benthos.org/index.cfm

• 61 Eastern Snow Conference
• Portland, Maine, USA
• 9–11 June 2004
• Website: http://www.easternsnow.org/

• International Conference on Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping
• Sosnowiec, Poland
• 16–19 June 2004
• Contact: Dr Andrzej J. Witkowski, Secretariat of the Conference, University of Silesia, B?dzińska Str., 60, 41‐200 Sosnowiec, Poland
• Tel: +48 32 291 68 88
• Fax: +48 32 291 58 65
• E‐mail: switkows@us.edu.pl
• Website: http://khgi.wnoz.us.edu.pl/vulnerability.htm

• Riverflow 2004–Second International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics
• Naples, Italy
• 23–25 June 2004
• Website: http://www.riverflow2004.unina.it

• Riparian Ecosystems and Buffers: Multi‐Scale Structure, Function and Management
• Olympic Valley, CA
• 28–30 June 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/Olympic2004/index.html

• BHS International Conference on ‘Hydrology: Science and Practise for the 21^st Century’
• Imperial College, London
• 12–16 July 2004
• Contact: Dr Adrian Butler
• Tel: 020 7954 6122 Fax: 020 7594 6124
• E‐mail: a.butler@ic.ac.uk
• Website: http://www.hydrology.org.uk/index.html

• Italia 2004 32^nd International Geological Congress “From the Mediterranean Area Toward a Global Geological Renaissance” Geology, Natural Hazards and Cultural Heritage
• Florence
• 20–28 August 2004
• Contact: Chiara Manetti, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira, 4‐50121 Firenze, Italy
• Tel/Fax: +39 055 2382146
• Email: casaitalia@geo.unifi.it

• Good Water Governance for People & Nature: What Roles for Law, Institutions, Science & Finance
• Dundee, Scotland
• 29 August–1 September 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/meetings/Dundee2004/index.html

• XXXIII Congress of IAH—Conference on Groundwater Flow Understanding: From Local to Regional Scale. Joint Conference IAH/ALHSUD
• Mexico
• 11–15 October 2004
• E‐mail: aih@igris.igeograf.unam.mx
• Website: www.igeograf.unam.mx/aih

• Acid Rain 2005 7th International Conference on Acid Deposition
• Prague, Czech Republic
• 12–17 June 2005
• Contact: Jaroslav Santroch Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic
• Tel: +420 24 1765803
• Fax: +420 24 1760689
• E‐mail: info@acidrain2005.cz
• Website: http://www.acidrain2005.cz

If you would like your conference included please E‐mail details to Anne Flynn. E‐mail: aflynn@wiley.co.uk Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Predation Efficacy of Larvivorus Fishes on Cyclops,Transmitting Dracunculiasis

The predatory potentiality of G. affinis and P. reticulata fishes on cyclops was tested by ‘no-choice’ and ‘choice’ experiments. In ‘no-choice’ experiments predation increased significantly with the number of cyclops exposed (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 preys) and decreased with the increase in the water volume (1, 2 and 3 litres) in case of both the fishes. A similar trend for cyclops predation was observed in ‘choice’ experiments. The relative rate of predation of G. affinis and P. reticulata was more in ‘no-choice’ as compared to in ‘choice’ experiments. However, the predatory efficacy of G. affinis was relatively higher than that of P. reticulata in all the experiments. The comparative rate of predation on three zooplanktons by G. affinis and P. reticulata showed that Daphnia spec. was most susceptible to predation by both the fishes. It was followed by calanoids and the least preferred prey being cyclops.     

Conference listing

• WEFTEC 2000,73rd Annual Conference & Exposition
• Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, California, USA
• 14 ‐ 18 October 2000
• >Website: http://www.wef.org/Weftec/index.htm

• International Water Conference 2000
• Engineer's Society of W. PA, Pittsburgh, PA
• 22 ‐ 27 October 2000
• Tel: 412‐261‐0710; Fax: 412‐261‐1606

• ICID IEC meeting and joint International Micro Irrigation Congress
• Capetown, South Africa
• 22 ‐ 27 October 2000
• Website: http://www.icid.org/

• Association of Water Technologies, Annual Convention and Exposition
• Association of Water Technologies, Honolulu, HI
• 31 October ‐ 4 November 2000
• Tel: 800‐858‐6683; Fax: 703‐610‐9005

• International Irrigation Show
• Irrigation Association, Phoenix, AZ
• 12 ‐ 14 November 2000
• Tel: 703‐573‐3551; Fax: 703‐573‐1913

• Summit 2000—Annual Meeting & Exposition
• Geological Society of America, Reno, NV
• 12 ‐ 15 November 2000
• Tel: 303‐447‐2020; Fax: 303‐447‐0648

• National Irrigation Symposium
• ASAE, Phoenix, AZ
• 12 ‐ 16 November 2000
• Tel: 616‐428‐6327

• Hydro 2000, 3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium
• Perth, Western Australia
• 20 ‐ 23 November 2000
• Theme: Interactive hydrology: interactions between hydrology and climate, environment, economics and society. E‐mail: conwes@congresswest.com.au. Website: http://www.ieaust.org.au/hydro2000

• Fresh Perspectives—Limnology, Hydrology, Meteorology
• University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
• 20 ‐ 24 November 2000
• Website: http://www.phys.canterbury.ac.nz/conf/fresh.html

• International Association of Hydrogeologists 30th International Congress 2000 Groundwater Division: Geological Society of South Africa
• Education Faculty, Universty of Cape Town
• 26 November ‐ 1 December 2000
• Theme: Groundwater: Past achievements and future challenges. Contact: IAH Secretariat, Deidre Cloete, Conference Secretariat: IAH Congress: Cape Town 2000, PO Box 452, Stellenbosch. Tel: 2721 886 4496; Fax: 2721 883 8177; E‐mail: deidre@iafrica.com

• 20th Australian Groundwater School
• Centre for Groundwater Studies, Melbourne, Australia
• 27 November ‐ 2 December 2000
• Tel: 61‐8‐8303‐8753; Fax: 61‐8‐8303‐8730

• Water Resource and Reservoir Workshop
• 12 December 2000
• Contact: Hydrocomp, Inc., 3 Lagoon Drive, Suite 150, Redwood City, CA 94065. Tel: (415) 637 9060; Website: http://www.hydrocomp.com/ResRCInfo.html

• AGU, American Geophysical Union, San Francisco
• 15 ‐ 19 December 2000
• Website: http://earth.aqu.org

• International Conference On Integrated Water Resources. Management for Sustainable Development
• Roorkee, India
• 19 ‐ 21 December 2000
• Contact: Dr B Soni, Scientist F and Organising Secretary, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee‐24667 (U.P.), India. Fax: 0091 1332 72123; E‐mail: bsoni@cc.nih.ernet.in

• International Symposium on Preferential Flow (held in conjunction with the International Soil Erosion Symposium)
• Phoenix, Arizona
• 3 ‐ 5 January 2001
• E‐mail: shafer@asae.org Website: www.asae.org

• Symposium on the Role of Drought in Aquatic Ecosystems
• Albury, Australia
• February 2001
• Contact: The Organizing Committee, Symposium on the Role of Drought in Aquatic Ecosystems, Murray–Darling Freshwater Research Centre and The CRC for Freshwater Ecology, PO Box 921, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia. E‐mail: hump@mdfrc.canberra.edu.au (include the word ‘Symposium’ in the subject heading)

• ACWI, Advisory Committee on Water Information, Conference on TMDL Science Issues
• St Louis, MO
• 4 ‐ 7 March 2001
• Website: http://water.usgs.gov/wicp/upcom.html

• Groundwater Quality 2001. 3rd International Conference
• University of Sheffield,UK
• 18 ‐ 21 June 2001
• Contact: GQ2001 Conference Secretariat, GPRG, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK. E‐mail: gq2001@sheffield.ac.uk; Website: http://www.shef.ac.uk/∽gq2001/

• The First International Conference on Saltwater Intrusion and Coastal Aquifers‐Monitoring, Modelling and Management
• Essaouira, Morocco
• 18 ‐ 25 April 2001
• Contact: Alexander H‐D Cheng, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA. Tel: 302 831 6787; Fax: 302 831 3640; E‐mail: cheng@ce.udel.edu; Website: http://www.uwin.siu.edu/dir_announce/event/2001/event0418.html

• Changing Wetlands: new developments in wetland science
• 11 ‐ 13 September 2001
• Contact: Conference Secretary, Changing Wetlands Conference, Sheffield Wetlands Research Centre (SWeRC) Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. Fax: +44 (0)114 279 7912; E‐mail: wetlands@sheffield.ac.uk; Website: http://www.shef.ac.uk/∽g/wetlands/index.html

• XXXI Congress, International Association of Hydrogeologists
• Munich, Germany
• 10 ‐ 14 September 2001
• Website: http://agh.iaag.geo.uni‐muenchen.de

If you would like your conference included please E‐mail details to Stephen Henning. E‐mail: shenning@wiley.co.uk     

About the Role of Quinones in the Action of Some Polyphenols on the Streaming of Protoplasm in Nitella sp. Cells

The concentration of phenols and quinones which stopped the protoplasmic movement in the Nitella cells after 15 min was determined. The quinones (β-naphthoquinone, α-naphthoquinone, p-benzoquinone, o-toluquinone, o-bromanil) stopped the protoplasmic movement in the concentration of (1 3) 10^?4 M, phenols (m-cresol, p-cresol, hydroquinone, guaiacol, phenol, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid, resorcinol) in the concentration of (0.2 5) 10^?2 M, except catechol – 2 10^?3 M. Very high toxicity of catechol and in the prolonged experiments (3 hours) also of hydroquinone is connected with the action of quinonoid productions of its oxidation. This suggestion is confirmed by the experiments:

• – by adding the phenol solutions to Nitella shoots (catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol) we observed the greatest increase of oxygen absorption in case of catechol (86%), less in case of hydroquinone (38%), and for resorcinol oxygen absorption practically remained on the control level;
• – the action of catechol, hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone did not take place in the presence of glutathione and cysteine (but not cystine and oxidated glutathione);
• – diethyldithiocarbamate as an inhibitor of o-diphenoloxidase reduced the ability of catechol solutions to stop the protoplasmic movement;
• – the low concentrations of benzoquinones were able to stop the protoplasmic movement;
• – for stopping the protoplasmic movement under the prolonged time of incubation from 15 min to 3 hours there was necessary a lower concentration of solutions of hydroquinone and catechol in comparison with resorcinol.

     

Conference listing

• European Geosciences Union, 1st General Assembly
• Nice, France
• 25–30 April 2004
• Website: http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/ga/egu/04

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Resources III
• Nashville, TN
• 17–19 May 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/meetings/Nashville2004/index.html

• CGU/AGU/SEG
• Montreal, Quebec
• 17–21 May 2004
• Website: http://www.agu.org/meetings/sm04/

• North American Genthological Society Meeting
• Vancouver, BC
• 6–10 June 2004
• Website: http://benthos.org/index.cfm

• 61 Eastern Snow Conference
• Portland, Maine, USA
• 9–11 June 2004
• Website: http://www.easternsnow.org/

• International Conference on Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping
• Sosnowiec, Poland
• 16–19 June 2004
• Contact: Dr Andrzej J. Witkowski, Secretariat of the Conference, University of Silesia, B?dzińska Str., 60, 41‐200 Sosnowiec, Poland
• Tel: +48 32 291 68 88
• Fax: +48 32 291 58 65
• E‐mail: switkows@us.edu.pl
• Website: http://khgi.wnoz.us.edu.pl/vulnerability.htm

• Riverflow 2004–Second International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics
• Naples, Italy
• 23–25 June 2004
• Website: http://www.riverflow2004.unina.it

• Riparian Ecosystems and Buffers: Multi‐Scale Structure, Function and Management
• Olympic Valley, CA
• 28–30 June 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/Olympic2004/index.html

• BHS International Conference on ‘Hydrology: Science and Practise for the 21^st Century’
• Imperial College, London
• 12–16 July 2004
• Contact: Dr Adrian Butler
• Tel: 020 7954 6122 Fax: 020 7594 6124
• E‐mail: a.butler@ic.ac.uk
• Website: http://www.hydrology.org.uk/index.html

• Italia 2004 32^nd International Geological Congress “From the Mediterranean Area Toward a Global Geological Renaissance” Geology, Natural Hazards and Cultural Heritage
• Florence
• 20–28 August 2004
• Contact: Chiara Manetti, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira, 4‐50121 Firenze, Italy
• Tel/Fax: +39 055 2382146
• Email: casaitalia@geo.unifi.it

• Good Water Governance for People & Nature: What Roles for Law, Institutions, Science & Finance
• Dundee, Scotland
• 29 August–1 September 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/meetings/Dundee2004/index.html

• XXXIII Congress of IAH—Conference on Groundwater Flow Understanding: From Local to Regional Scale. Joint Conference IAH/ALHSUD
• Mexico
• 11–15 October 2004
• E‐mail: aih@igris.igeograf.unam.mx
• Website: www.igeograf.unam.mx/aih

• Acid Rain 2005 7th International Conference on Acid Deposition
• Prague, Czech Republic
• 12–17 June 2005
• Contact: Jaroslav Santroch Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic
• Tel: +420 24 1765803
• Fax: +420 24 1760689
• E‐mail: info@acidrain2005.cz
• Website: http://www.acidrain2005.cz

If you would like your conference included please E‐mail details to Anne Flynn. E‐mail: aflynn@wiley.co.uk Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conference listing

• International Conference on Coupled T‐H‐M‐C Processes in Geosystems: Fundamentals, Modelling, Experiments and Applications (GEOPROC‐2003)
• Stockholm, Sweden
• 13–15 October 2003
• Contact: Professor Ove Stephansson, KTH, S‐100 44
• Stockholm, Sweden
• Tel: +46 8 790 7906
• Fax: +46 8 790 6810
• E‐mail: ove@kth.se
• Website: www.geoproc.org

• Conference on Research Basins and Hydrologic Planning
• Huangshan City (Tunxi), China
• 14–22 October 2003
• Contact: Conference Secretariat RBHP, Anhui and Huai River Water Resources Research Institute, 771 Zhihuai Road, Bengbu 233000, P.R. China
• E‐mail: rbhp2003@vip163.com
• Or
• Co‐organiser Klaus‐Peter Seiler (Munich)
• E‐mail: seiler@gsf.de
• Website: http://www.gsf.de/OA/kong.htm

• Achieving Sustainable Water Resources in Areas Experiencing Rapid Population Growth
• Atlanta, Geogia, USA
• 19–22 October 2003
• Website: http://www.aihydro.org

• Second International Symposium on Underground Injection Science and Technology
• Berkeley, CA, USA
• 22–25 October 2003
• Contact: Chin‐Fu Tsang, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• E‐mail: cftsang@lbl.gov
• Website: www.lbl.gov/conferences/UIST

• The Geological Society of America, Annual Conference 2003
• Washington State Convention and Trade Centre, Seattle, Washington, USA
• 2–5 November 2003
• Contact: Seattle Technical Program Chair, Dave Bush
• E‐mail: dbush@westga.edu

• AGU (American Geophysical Union) 2003 Fall Meeting
• San Francisco, California, USA
• 8–12 December 2003
• Sponsor: AGU
• Contact: E Terry, AGU Meetings Department, 2000 Florida Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA
• Tel: +1 202 777 7335
• Fax: +1 202 328 0566
• E‐mail: eterry@agu.org or meetinginfo@agu.org
• Website: www.agu.org/meetings

• AGI 2004 Ocean Sciences Meeting
• Portland, Oregon, USA
• 26–30 January 2004
• Sponsor: AGU
• Contact: A Singer, AGU, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA
• Tel: +1 202 777 7340
• Fax: +1 202 328 0566
• E‐mail: asinger@agu.org
• Website: agu.org/meetings/

• International Conference on Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping
• Sosnowiec, Poland
• 16–19 June 2004
• Contact: Dr Andrzej J. Witkowski, Secretariat of the Conference, University of Silesia, B?dzińska Str., 60, 41‐200 Sosnowiec, Poland
• Tel: +48 32 291 68 88
• Fax: +48 32 291 58 65
• E‐mail: switkows@us.edu.pl
• Website: http://khgi.wnoz.us.edu.pl/vulnerability.htm

• BHS International Conference on ‘Hydrology: Science and Practise for the 21^st Century’
• Imperial College, London
• 12–16 July 2004
• Contact: Dr Adrian Butler
• Tel: 020 7954 6122
• Fax: 020 7594 6124
• E‐mail: a.butler@ic.ac.uk
• Website: http://www.hydrology.org.uk/index.html

• 32^nd International Geological Congress
• Florence, Italy
• 20–28 August 2004
• Website: www.32igc.org

• XXXIII Congress of IAH—Conference on Groundwater Flow Understanding: From Local to Regional Scale. Joint Conference IAH/ALHSUD
• Mexico
• 11–15 October 2004
• E‐mail: aih@igris.igeograf.unam.mx
• Website: www.igeograf.unam.mx/aih

If you would like your conference included please E‐mail details to Anne Flynn. E‐mail: aflynn@wiley.co.uk Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conference listing

• AGI 2004 Ocean Sciences Meeting
• Portland, Oregon, USA
• 26–30 January 2004
• Sponsor: AGU
• Contact: A Singer, AGU, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA
• Tel: +1 202 777 7340
• Fax: +1 202 328 0566
• E‐mail: asinger@agu.org
• Website: agu.org/meetings/

• European Geosciences Union, 1st General Assembly
• Nice, France
• 25–30 April 2004
• Website: http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/ga/egu/04

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Resources III
• Nashville, TN
• 17–19 May 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/meetings/Nashville2004/index.html

• CGU/AGU/SEG
• Montreal, Quebec
• 17–21 May 2004
• Website: http://www.agu.org/meetings/sm04/

• North American Genthological Society Meeting
• Vancouver, BC
• 6–10 June 2004
• Website: http://benthos.org/index.cfm

• 61 Eastern Snow Conference
• Portland, Maine, USA
• 9–11 June 2004
• Website: http://www.easternsnow.org/

• International Conference on Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping
• Sosnowiec, Poland
• 16–19 June 2004
• Contact: Dr Andrzej J. Witkowski, Secretariat of the Conference, University of Silesia, B?dzińska Str., 60, 41‐200 Sosnowiec, Poland
• Tel: +48 32 291 68 88
• Fax: +48 32 291 58 65
• E‐mail: switkows@us.edu.pl
• Website: http://khgi.wnoz.us.edu.pl/vulnerability.htm

• Riverflow 2004–Second International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics
• Naples, Italy
• 23–25 June 2004
• Website: http://www.riverflow2004.unina.it

• Riparian Ecosystems and Buffers: Multi‐Scale Structure, Function and Management
• Olympic Valley, CA
• 28–30 June 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/Olympic2004/index.html

• BHS International Conference on ‘Hydrology: Science and Practise for the 21^st Century’
• Imperial College, London
• 12–16 July 2004
• Contact: Dr Adrian Butler
• Tel: 020 7954 6122 Fax: 020 7594 6124
• E‐mail: a.butler@ic.ac.uk
• Website: http://www.hydrology.org.uk/index.html

• Italia 2004 32^nd International Geological Congress “From the Mediterranean Area Toward a Global Geological Renaissance” Geology, Natural Hazards and Cultural Heritage
• Florence
• 20–28 August 2004
• Contact: Chiara Manetti, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via La Pira, 4‐50121 Firenze, Italy
• Tel/Fax: +39 055 2382146
• Email: casaitalia@geo.unifi.it

• Good Water Governance for People & Nature: What Roles for Law, Institutions, Science & Finance
• Dundee, Scotland
• 29 August–1 September 2004
• Website: http://www.awra.org/meetings/Dundee2004/index.html

• XXXIII Congress of IAH—Conference on Groundwater Flow Understanding: From Local to Regional Scale. Joint Conference IAH/ALHSUD
• Mexico
• 11–15 October 2004
• E‐mail: aih@igris.igeograf.unam.mx
• Website: www.igeograf.unam.mx/aih

• Acid Rain 2005 7th International Conference on Acid Deposition
• Prague, Czech Republic
• 12–17 June 2005
• Contact: Jaroslav Santroch Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic
• Tel: +420 24 1765803
• Fax: +420 24 1760689
• E‐mail: info@acidrain2005.cz
• Website: http://www.acidrain2005.cz

If you would like your conference included please E‐mail details to Anne Flynn. E‐mail: aflynn@wiley.co.uk Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Superhelicity,helicity and potential vorticity

Abstract

‘‘Helicity'’ density H ≡ u · ω and other pseudo-scalar fields such as P ≡ ω · Vlnρ (which is related to Ertel potential vorticity) are useful quantities in theoretical fluid dynamics and magneto-fluid dynamics. Here u denotes the Eulerian flow velocity relative to the chosen frame of reference, ω ≡ V × u is the corresponding relative vorticity and ρ the mass density of the fluid. A general expression is readily obtained for ?H/?t (where t denotes time) in terms of P and the ‘‘superhelicity'’ density S ≡ ω · V × ω which, in fluids of low viscosity, has its highest values in boundary layers. One need for such a relationship became evident during an attempt to interpret the findings of laboratory experiments on thermal convection in rotating fluids in containers of various geometrical shapes and topological characteristics.

In electrodynamics an analogous expression can be found relating the time rate of change of ‘‘magnetic helicity'’ A · B to ‘‘magnetic superhelicity'’ B · ? × B (where B · ? × A is the magnetic field) and a scalar quantity analogous to P which involves non-Ohmic contributions to the relationship between the electric current density and the electric field.     

Detection of underground cavities with monofrequency electromagnetic tomography between boreholes in the frequency range 100 MHz to 1 GHz1

In order to detect underground cavities, we have designed a geophysical method based on the interaction of a monochromatic electromagnetic wave in the frequency band 100 MHz to 1 GHz with the ground situated between two boreholes. Three different approaches are involved in the design of this EM tomographic method.

• 1 The application of an ‘exact’ theory is used to calculate artificial data, based on an integral equation method. These data are inverted using a tomographic algorithm whose basic assumptions are rather coarse. The results show that, however, cavities can very well be detected and their position recovered.
• 2 Data are obtained with a physical reduced-scale model in a water tank, in which all parameters are known in advance. The inversion process confirms the validity of the method.
• 3 Underground cavities are actually detected.

The above approaches are described and discussed and results are shown. The equipment involved and its operation is quite simple: the surface devices are commercially available and only the transmitter and receiver antennae must be specially built. The method is shown to be quite efficient and its cost should be reasonably low.