波浪对泥沙作用的数值研究及在渤海区域的检验

针对渤海海域开展了波致底切应力对泥沙作用的数值估计。针对浅水条件,通过理想试验估算了波致底切应力对波流耦合底切应力的贡献。针对渤海大风过程,利用ECOMSED模式,通过波流耦合底边界层模型模拟了渤海区域的泥沙浓度,并利用遥感资料对表层泥沙浓度的数值模拟进行了检验。对比结果表明,考虑波浪作用的情况下,模拟结果在总体分布上得到明显的改善。在大风过程中波浪对0~20 m近岸区域的泥沙再悬浮起主导作用。     

东海混浊海域悬沙浓度的三维数值模拟及与观测的比较

借助ECOMSED模式进行了东海混浊水海域三维悬浮泥沙输运的数值模拟,其中水动力模拟中考虑了潮汐,海流（包括黑潮,长江径流等）及风场的作用,输运模型中考虑了粘性泥沙的絮凝、粘性和非粘性泥沙的再悬浮等过程。另外,在沉积输运模式中,增加了波浪的作用,使沉积输运模拟更完善,并与2006年8月份在长江口外海域获得的走航断面及定...     

随机波浪作用下黑泥湾冲淤演变的数值模拟

近岸海域潮流、波浪动力条件复杂,单纯考虑潮流输沙对底床冲淤演变的影响可能存在较大的偏差.基于局地较长时期海浪场统计特征,将随机波浪因子引入底床冲淤演化模拟研究中,采用ECOMSED模式进行了不同波浪动力条件影响下黑泥湾海域冲淤演化的数值模拟,并与现场观测资料进行了比较,取得了较好的结果.结果表明,黑泥湾及附近海域存在较稳定的N-S向潮余流,这在整体上是本区泥沙输运的重要影响因素;湾内海域基本处于冲淤动态平衡,冲淤格局与其地形、海流流速和波浪场分布有关,楮岛周围与镆铘岛东面近岸海域以侵蚀为主,镆铘岛南部近岸以淤积为主;随机波浪要素的引入对冲淤演变模拟结果有较大的影响,引入波浪要素后的模拟的结果与海图更为接近.     

日照豪迈码头港池布局对泥沙输移影响研究

港池的布局会改变其周边海域水动力条件及其泥沙冲淤状况,为了进一步了解其影响程度,本文以山东日照豪迈重工临港厂区运输码头的改造工程为研究对象,利用平面二维数值模型MIKE21/3 Integrated Models,建立了潮流和波浪耦合作用下的泥沙输移数值模型,对该工程附近海域进行了波浪、潮流和泥沙输移的数值模拟。同时采用实测数据对数值模型进行了验证,数值模拟结果与实测资料拟合较好,表明MIKE21能有效地模拟运输码头及其周围海域潮流的变化过程。以日照豪迈重工临港厂区运输码头为依托,基于数值模拟结果,分析不同改造方案下的水动力条件和泥沙冲淤状况。结果表明:港池布局对水动力条件影响甚微,对地形地貌冲淤影响较大;模拟结果确定港池南向开口为最佳改造方案,为工程的规划和设计提供科学依据。     

波浪-海流-微地形耦合的沉积动力模式建立及应用

沙纹微地形普遍存在于海底,沙纹的消长能改变底部应力进而影响泥沙的运移。以往研究较多侧重于波致沙纹,并已应用于波浪模式的底摩擦计算,而较少考虑波流联合效应产生的沙纹,也未将其应用于综合的水动力模式和沉积物输运模式。本文在POM水动力模式中嵌入新南威尔士大学泥沙模式,通过耦合波流共同作用的微地形模型与波流相互作用底边界层模型,发展了波浪-海流-微地形（沙纹）耦合的沉积动力模式。本文将该模式应用于澳大利亚Jervis湾,针对波主导和波流联合主导沙纹两种类型,分别进行了沙纹发展状态、几何形态的分布及悬浮泥沙的模拟。结果表明:波致沙纹比波流联合作用的沙波具有更大的波高和波长,因此当波主导时沙纹对悬浮泥沙起着关键作用。通过考虑随沙纹变化的粗糙度,相比于以往模式设置均一的粗糙度,该模型能对悬浮物浓度的骤升过程进行更精细的预测。     

辐射应力在黄河三角洲近岸波浪和潮汐风暴潮相互作用中的影响

基于考虑辐射应力机制的近岸高分辨率的波浪和潮汐风暴潮相互作用耦合数值模式 ,研究了辐射应力在黄河三角洲胜利油田近岸海域波浪和潮汐风暴潮相互作用过程中对水位的影响 ,并与两个中等强度天气过程引发的实测水位过程进行比较。结果表明 ,考虑辐射应力机制的波浪和潮汐风暴潮相互作用耦合模式模拟的结果与实测更接近 ,特别在极值增水位处吻合很好。对本研究的中等强度天气过程 ,辐射应力可增水 40cm ,在黄河三角洲近岸区有 2 0cm以上最大增水区域 ,这在工程上非常重要。可以预见 ,对引发黄河三角洲沿岸强增水的台风及强寒潮过程 ,辐射应力对增水的影响会更明显。本研究结果表明 ,在实际工程应用中 ,应采用波浪和潮汐风暴潮相互作用耦合数值模式。     

基于潮间带现场数据的底部切应力算法对比

底部切应力作为水动力和泥沙输移模型中的关键参数,对底床泥沙起动、侵蚀淤积速率的研究十分重要.目前基于现场实测流速数据计算底部切应力的理论方法有6种:LP-mean法、LP-max法、TKE法、TKE W法、RS法和ID法,这些方法都有其特定的适用条件.河口海岸浅水区域水流和波浪作用复杂,遴选合适的方法计算底部切应力非常...     

新鹤海湾的演变特征及水沙模拟分析

为准确把握新鹤海湾的演变特征和水动力条件,采用现场观测和GIS技术对其地形变化、冲淤分布和冲淤量进行探讨,并利用数值模拟分析波浪、潮流和泥沙共同作用对海湾演变的影响。结果表明:海湾演变对连续台风的响应不同,表现为先冲后淤,其中苏拉作用下的冲刷量为台风过境后全年的2倍左右;受东南季风的影响,春夏冲淤幅度较大,海湾冲淤分布为南冲北淤,波高分布不均与涨潮流入湾时的向北偏转是其主要原因;波流共同作用下的底床切应力约为潮流单独作用时的10倍,波浪是导致海湾冲刷的主要因素,常浪下底床切应力小于临界冲刷应力,泥沙不易起动,因此海湾冲刷主要是由极端天气时的大浪所导致的。     

波浪、潮流和风暴潮耦合模式及悬沙输移规律的研究

近年来，由于河口、海岸地区的泥沙运动与港口、航道以及海岸的冲淤有着直接的关系，对一些海岸建筑物比如防波堤、护岸工程等造成一定的威胁，甚至于使其完全丧失使用价值，造成巨大的损失。为此人们越来越重视对这一问题的研究。本文为估计岸滩的冲淤变化和了解岸滩的演变规律，对影响泥沙运动的海洋动力要素进行了研究。 为研究悬沙的输移规律，建立了一个由两部分组成的二维悬沙模型系统：①水动力模式。建立了一个综合多因素的二维波浪、潮汐和风暴潮耦合模式，以此来研究波、潮、风暴潮间的相互作用，并为泥沙计算提供流速场。②二维悬沙模式。运用得出的流场来研究悬沙的输移扩散规律。其中所采用的波浪模式是将流对波浪场的影响同时加以考虑的耦合数学模型，将流速加入波能方程，并考虑由于水面的升降而产生的不定常水深对波浪场的影响，再将波浪场对流场的影响通过辐射应力、考虑波浪影响的底应力以及依赖波龄的表面风应力耦合到流场中，从而建立了一个综合多种因素的波浪、潮汐、风暴潮联合作用下的二维悬沙模型系统。并在此模型系统的基础上，对黄河口泥沙的输移问题作了探讨，为今后的防堤、护岸工程提供依据。     

《海洋与湖沼》2011年第6期论文导读

东海混浊海域悬沙浓度的三维数值模拟及与观测的比较 借助ECOMSED模式进行了东海混浊水海域三维悬浮泥沙输运的数值模拟,其中水动力模拟中考虑了潮汐、海流（包括黑潮,长江径流等）及风场的作用,输运模型中考虑了黏性泥沙的絮凝、黏性和非黏性泥沙的再悬浮等过程。结果显示：悬沙浓度在水平分布上由近岸向外海浓度降低,123°E以东浓度低于10mg／L。泥沙高值区分布在长江口及杭州湾海域。     

Simulation of three-dimensional cohesive sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay, China

Sediment transport in the Hangzhou Bay is extremely complicated due to its bathymetry and hydrodynamic conditions. The ECOMSED model is employed to simulate three-dimensional (3-D) cohesive sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay. Dynamical factors such as Coriolis force, tides, salinity, river discharges, and waves are considered in the model. The wave parameters, including the significant wave height, period, and direction, are calculated with the SWAN model. The Grant-Madsen model is introduced for the bed shear stress due to the combined effect of waves and currents. The formulation of bed shear stress used to calculate the sink/source terms is modified based on previous research that sufficiently validated the formulation with measurement data. The integrated model of the above-mentioned models is applied to simulate sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay. The results of the simulation agree well with field observations concerning the distribution of suspended sediment, indicating that the sediments are remarkably suspended in Hangzhou Bay under the action of waves and currents.     

Numerical study of three-dimensional wave-induced longshore current's effects on sediment spreading of the Huanghe River mouth

A three-dimensional wave radiation stress is introduced into the hydrodynamic sediment coupled model COHERENS-SED,which has been developed through introducing wave-enhanced bottom shear stress,wave dependent surface drag coefficient,wave-induced surface mixing,SWAN,damping function of sediment on turbulence,sediment model and depth-dependent wave radiation stress to COHERENS.The COHERENS-SED is adopted to study the effects induced by wave-induced three-dimensional longshore current on suspended sediment spreading of the Huanghe River (Yellow River) mouth.Several different cases divided by setting different wave parameters of inputting boundary waves are carried out.The modeling results agree with measurement data.In terms of simulation results,it is easy to know that three-dimensional wave radiation stress plays an obvious role when inputting boundary wave height is stronger than 3 m.Moreover,wave direction also affects the sediment spreading rules of the mouth strongly too.     

Numerical study of three-dimensional wave-induced longshore current''s effects on sediment spreading of the Huanghe River mouth

A three-dimensional wave radiation stress is introduced into the hydrodynamic sediment coupled model COHERENS-SED, which has been developed through introducing wave-enhanced bottom shear stress, wave dependent surface drag coefficient, wave-induced surface mixing, SWAN, damping function of sediment on turbulence, sediment model and depth-dependent wave radiation stress to COHERENS. The COHERENS-SED is adopted to study the effects induced by wave-induced three-dimensional longshore current on suspended sediment spreading of the Huanghe River (Yellow River) mouth. Several different cases divided by setting different wave parameters of inputting boundary waves are carried out. The modeling results agree with measurement data. In terms of simulation results, it is easy to know that three-dimensional wave radiation stress plays an obvious role when inputting boundary wave height is stronger than 3 m. Moreover, wave direction also affects the sediment spreading rules of the mouth strongly too.     

Simulation of Random Waves and Associated Laminar Bottom Shear Stresses

This work presents a new approach for simulating the random waves in viscous fluids and the associated bottom shear stresses. By generating the incident random waves in a numerical wave flume and solving the unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and the fully nonlinear free surface boundaiy conditions for the fluid flows in the flume, the viscous flows and laminar bottom shear stresses induced by random waves axe determined. The deterministic spectral amplitude method implemented by use of the fast Fourier transform algorithm was adopted to generate the incident random waves. The accuracy of the numerical scheme is confirmed by comparing the predicted wave spectrum with the target spectrum and by comparing the nanlerical transfer function between the shear stress and the surface elevation with the theoretical transfer function. The maximum bottom shear stress caused by random waves, computed by this wave model, is compared with that obtained by Myrhaug＇ s model （1995）. The transfer function method is also employed to determine the maximum shear stress, and is proved accurate.     

A synchronously coupled tide–wave–surge model of the Yellow Sea

A coupled wave–tide–surge model has been established in this study in order to investigate the effect of tides, storm surges, and wind waves interactions during a winter monsoon on November 1983 in the Yellow Sea. The coupled model is based on the synchronous dynamic coupling of a third-generation wave model, WAM-Cycle 4, and the two-dimensional tide–surge model. The surface stress generated by interactions between wind and waves is calculated using the WAM-Cycle 4 directly based on an analytical approximation of the results obtained from the quasi-linear theory of wave generation. The changes of bottom friction factor generated by waves and current interactions are calculated by using simplified bottom boundary layer model. The model simulations showed that bottom velocity and effective bottom drag coefficient induced by combination of wave and current were increased in shallow waters of up to 50 m in the Yellow Sea during the wintertime strong storm conditions.     

渤海湾南港工业区港池航道回淤研究

天津南港工业区位于渤海湾典型的淤泥质海岸,其港区为环抱式有掩护的平面布局,规划建设10万吨级航道。为准确预测港池航道的泥沙回淤状况,采用双向嵌套网格建立波浪潮流共同作用下的泥沙运动数学模型,考虑波浪辐射应力作用,以及波浪引起的紊动和波浪增强海床底部切应力对悬沙输移的影响。模型选取现场实测大潮作为代表潮,以工程海域附近测波资料的能量加权平均结果作为代表波,对邻近的天津港15万吨级航道年均回淤进行了验证,确定数学模型中相关泥沙运动与底床冲淤的计算参数。在此基础上,数学模型预测了南港工业区规划的港池航道总的年均回淤量,与天津港主航道资料类比,计算的南港工业区港区10万吨级航道泥沙回淤分布与淤积总量是合理的。     

磨刀门拦门沙区域枯季波流共同作用近底切应力和泥沙运动研究

On the basis of the measurement data pertaining to waves, current, and sediment in February 2012 in the mouth bar of the Modaomen Estuary, the Soulsby formulae with an iterative method are applied to calculating bottom shear stresses （BSS） and their effect on a sediment resuspension. Swell induced BSS have been found to be the most important part of the BSS. In this study, the correlation coefficient between a wavecurrent shear stress and SSC is 0.86, and that between current shear stresses and SSC is only 0.40. The peaks of the SSC are consistent with the height and the BSS of the swell. The swell is the main mechanism for the sediment re-suspension, and the tidal current effect on sediment re-suspension is small. The peaks of the SSC are centered on the high tidal level, and the flood tide enhances the wave shear stresses and the SSC near the bottom. The critical shear stress for sediment re-suspension at the observation station is between 0.20 and 0.30 N/m2. Tidal currents are too weak to stir up the bottom sediment into the flow, but a WCI （wave-current interaction） is strong enough to re-suspend the coarse sediment.