自由液核章动的光学和新技术检测

本文应用当今最高精度的经典仪器光学观测资料，新技术的综合观测资料和单一的ＶＬＢＩ观测资料检测了自由液核章动，到了其周期为４１５－４１８天，分析了其运动形态为逆向的圆周运动，并计算了其振幅为亚毫秒级。     

利用射电源位置残差解算章动系数的改正

章动序列的不准确引起春分点和黄赤交角的变化，直接影响到射电源的赤经、赤纬。利用IRIS网五天一组的VLBI观测资料，我们解算了定组观测的13颗射电源的赤经、赤纬，从射电源的位置残差解算出黄经章动和交角章动的改正，并估算了章动周年项（365.3天）和半年项（182.6天）的系数改正及自由核章动的振幅。     

天球参考架零点的测定（Ⅲ）—用不同小行星测零点改正的权重

从以往的资料看出，太阳系天体中不体观测对象对天球参考架零点改正的权重是不同的，以不同的小行星为观测对象，其零点改正的结果之间也有较大的差异，因为它们的轨道根数是不相同，本文利用最小二乘法方法分析了不同类型轨道的小行星在测定Ｅ和Ｄ改正时最或然值的偏差量以及必须满足的观测条件。     

对EOP(GSFC)96R01中极偏移序列的分析(英文)

分析了１９７９年８月至１９９６年１月之间由ＭａｒｋⅢＶＬＢＩ时延资料得到的ＩＡＵ１９８０章动模型在经度（δψ）和交角（δε）方向的偏移序列,得到了对ＩＡＵ１９８０章动模型中主项系数的改正,并检测了自由地核章动。计算步骤依照常规资料处理方法设计,并采用了一些分析技巧以便充分利用资料的整个时段和减小端部效应对参数解的影响。对拟合残差序列的进一步分析表明,自由地核章动是统计显著的,但其参数尤其是其振幅可能具有时变性质,表现为在经度和交角方向自１９８６至１９９５年的持续减弱。     

章动研究简评

对各种章动理论所采用方法（天体力学的方法，地球物理方法和实测的经验方法）和章动序列进行了简要介绍，对近年来有关的理论和观测的进展，特别是自由核章动，进行了评述，并指出其中存在的一些问题。     

低纬子午环用CCD测微器观测时的星径曲率改正

本文推导了低纬子午环采用ＣＣＤ测微器观测时所得测定值的各种星径曲率改正公式。针对云南天文台具体的地理位置（纬度为２５°），在不同观测天顶距情况下，给出了ＣＣＤ视场中不同位置的天体通过参考平面（子午平面或卯酉平面）时，星过记录时刻和天顶距测定值的星径曲率改正模拟运算结果。结果表明：对于偏离ＣＣＤ芯片相对中心的天体，其星径曲率改正值比较大，且随天体偏离距离的增加而增大。     

对EOP（GSFC）96R 01中极偏移序列的分析

分析了１９７９年８月至１９９６年１月之间由ＭａｒｋⅢ ＶＬＢＩ时延资料得到的ＩＡＵ１９８０间动模型在经度（δψ）和交角（δψ）方向的偏移序列,得到了对ＩＡＵ１９８０章动模型中主项系数的改正,并检测了自由地核章动。计算步骤依照常规资料处理方法设计,并采用了一些分析技巧以便充分利用资料的整个时段和减小端部效应对参数解的影响。对拟合残差序列的进一步分析表明,自由地核章动是统计显著的,但其参数尤其是其振幅     

自由地核章动的时变特性

对VLBI观测确定的IAU1980章动模型的天极偏移序列进行分析,结果显示自由地核章动在1990年以前的幅值比其后为强,其时变强度比周年受迫章动的为大．另外,小波变换的时频谱分析结果显示在天极偏移序列中存在一幅值约0．1毫角秒的准两年周期信号．仅从目前的数据分析结果尚不足以确定此信号与顺向自由地核章动之间的关系,进一步的观测检,验和深入的内核动力学研究是非常必要的．     

关于天球参考报

章动序列计算和地球定向参数测定需要一个中间的天球参考极作参照，1984年，采用IAU1980章动理论，选取天球历书极作为参考极，利用改善岁差章动模型和由天文测地新技术确定地球定向参数实现的天球历书极，其精度可达0．1mas，随着理论和观测精度的提高，在微角秒量级下，章动和极移模型中周日和半周日成分分应被考虑，地球定向参数的高频成分已被测定，因此天球历书极的原先定义不再适用，需要更改，叙述了不同天球参考极的概念，天球历书极的定义，评述了天球历书极目前实现及其缺陷，介绍了新的天球参考极－天球中间极的定义及其实现。     

火星的岁差和章动

火星是类地行星，火星动力学的研究不仅具有科学意义，而且还具有实际应用价值。火星的空间探测获得了许多有关火星极运动的重要资料，它与理论值的比较是检验火星内部结构的重要手段，也是为改进火星岁差章动理论提供依据的有效途径。介绍了当前国际上有关火星的岁差和章动研究的进展，分别对刚体火星的章动序列、火星内部结构参数化模型的建立和火星自转的简正模作了描述，并进行了简单的讨论。     

The Rotation of a Non-Rigid, Non-Symmetrical Earth II: Free Nutations and Dissipative Effects

The study of the rotation of a non-rigid, non-symmetrical Earth with a heterogeneous and stratified liquid core was recently accomplished by González and Getino (1997) through the Hamiltonian formalism. In this work that model is extended by including the effect of the dissipation arising from the mantle–core interaction due to the viscous and electromagnetic coupling. A canonical transformation to a new set of non-singular variables is performed, in order to avoid small divisors in the system of equations. Numerical estimations of the effect of the dissipation are given in form of tables and graphics, and the significance of this effect is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

An Abridged Model of the Precession–Nutation of the Celestial Pole

Precise astrometric observations show that significant systematic differences of the order of 10 milliarcseconds (mas) exist between the observed position of the celestial pole in the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) and the position determined using the International Astronomical Union (IAU) 1976 Precession (Lieske et al., 1977) and the IAU 1980 Nutation Theory (Seidelmann, 1982). The International Earth Rotation Service routinely publishes these 'celestial pole offsets', and the IERS Conventions (McCarthy, 1996) recommends a procedure to account for these errors. The IAU, at its General Assembly in 2000, adopted a new precession/nutation model (Mathews et al., 2002). This model, designated IAU2000A, which includes nearly 1400 terms, provides the direction of the celestial pole in the ICRF with an accuracy of ±0.1 mas. Users requiring accuracy no better than 1 mas, however, may not require the full model, particularly if computational time or storage are issues. Consequently, the IAU also adopted an abridged procedure designated IAU2000B to model the celestial pole motion with an accuracy that does not result in a difference greater than 1 mas with respect to that of the IAU2000A model. That IAU2000B model, presented here, is shown to have the required accuracy for a period of more than 50 years from 1995 to 2050.     

Improved nutation series for the non–rigid earth with a precise adjustment of parameters with nonlinear dependence

In this paper, the previous nutation series corresponding to the rotation of a non‐rigid earth composed of a rigid mantle and a liquid core obtained by Getino and Ferrándiz in 1997 are notably improved by using a high performance data fitting method. This method can be applied to many other problems presenting a non‐linear dependence on the free parameters. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Numerical derivation of forced nutation terms for a rigid earth

We compare the results of a numerical integration of the Euler equations for a rigid Earth model covering a time span of 250 years with Kinoshita's theory for the forced nutations and with a new nutation series by Kinoshita and Souchay. We also present numerical corrections to some of the analytically derived nutation terms.     

Analytical Development of Rigid Mercury Nutation Series

In this paper, series of a rigid model of Mercury nutations are computed. The method used is based on the calculation of the forces produced by the Sun on Mercury as considered as a rigid body. In order to take into account the indirect effects coming from the orbit perturbations of Mercury, we used the ephemerides VSOP87 (Bretagnon and Francou, 1988). Due to non-negligible difference between the principal moment of inertia A and B in the case of Mercury, we compute also terms due to the triaxiality in addition to the general terms coming from J ₂. With a truncation level of 10 ^–3 mas (milliarcsecond), related to the present-day precision of the Mercury precession constant, 173 terms in longitude ( sin ) and 166 terms in obliquity () are computed. The value of the dynamical flattening used is H _D = (C – A)/C = 2.3 × 10^–4 (Anderson, 1987).     

On the use of analytical theories in the calculation of precession-nutation

We present the use of the analytical solutions of the planets and of the Moon's motion in the determination of the quantities which relate the barycentric and the geocentric coordinate systems and of the expressions of precession-nutation. The computation of the precession and nutation quantities are built with the analytical theories of the motion of the Moon, the Sun and the planets of the Bureau des longitudes. We take into account the influence of the Moon, the Sun and all the planets on the potential of the Earth limited to C _j,0 for j from 2 to 5, C _2,2, S _2,2, C _3, S _3, , for from 1 to 3 and C _4,1, S _4,1. We determine the 3 Euler angles , , and 2 calculating the components of the torque of the external forces with respect to the geocenrer in the case of the rigid Earth. The equations are solved by iterations and so are taken into account the nutations-on-the-nutations effects. We have determined the analytical variations of the angles and w fixing the equator with respect to the ecliptic J2000. We find, in w, a secular term of –26.5026 mas per century. The analytical solution of the precession-nutation has been compared to a numerical integration over the time span 1900–2050. The differences do not exceed 16 µas for and 12 µas for .     

Considerations concerning the non-rigid Earth nutation theory

This paper presents the reflections of the Working Group of which the tasks were to examine the non-rigid Earth nutation theory. To this aim, six different levels have been identified: Level 1 concerns the input model (giving profiles of the Earth's density and theological properties) for the calculation of the Earth's transfer function of Level 2; Level 2 concerns the integration inside the Earth in order to obtain the Earth's transfer function for the nutations at different frequencies; Level 3 concerns the rigid Earth nutations; Level 4 examines the convolution (products in the frequency domain) between the Earth's nutation transfer function obtained in Level 2, and the rigid Earth nutation (obtained in Level 3). This is for an Earth without ocean and atmosphere; Level 5 concerns the effects of the atmosphere and the oceans on the precession, obliquity rate, and nutations; Level 6 concerns the comparison with the VLBI observations, of the theoretical results obtained in Level 4, corrected for the effects obtained in Level 5.Each level is discussed at the state of the art of the developments.     

Influence of the Atmospheric Tides on the Earth Rotation

Spectral analysis of the components of the relative atmospheric angular momentum vector is performed based on the series of these components for the 6 h intervals within the period of 1958–2000. These series have been computed in the Subbureau of the Atmospheric Angular Momentum of the International Earth Rotation Service using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis of atmospheric observations. The basic harmonics of diurnal tides are determined. New results on the fortnight's and week's duration oscillations of the equatorial components of the atmospheric angular momentum are obtained. The zonal tides transformation mechanisms in the atmosphere are discussed. It is shown that the main mechanism of the zonal tides effect on the atmospheric variability is the amplitude modulation of daily oscillations of the relative atmospheric angular momentum. The effects of the atmospheric tides on the Earth rotation are discussed.     

The Effect Of Zonal Tides On The DynamicalEllipticity Of The EarthAnd Its Influence On The Nutation

In this paper, the expressions of variations of the dynamical ellipticity and the principal moments of inertia due to the deformations produced by the zonal part of the tidal potential are obtained. Starting from these expressions, we have studied from equations related to Hamiltonian theory, their effects on the nutation and finally we have evaluated numerically such influences, with a level of truncation at 0.1 μas. Thus we have shown that some coefficients are quite large with respect to the usual accuracy of up-to-date observations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.