粤北石灰岩化学风化过程中的Sr-Nd同位素

石灰岩化学风化显著控制着其所在流域盆地的河水Sr同位素组成,进而制约全球Sr循环。然而,石灰岩化学风化过程中Sr同位素组成的变化特征及其控制机制的研究报道依旧很少。本文通过报道粤北地区一个典型石灰岩风化剖面的Sr同位素组成变化特征,试图探讨石灰岩化学风化过程中Sr同位素变化的控制机制。结果显示:该剖面上,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值介于0.70979~0.72216之间;自剖面底部到顶部,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值呈现出逐渐增大的趋势;Nd同位素组成比较均一(εNd(t)=–15.0±0.5)。研究区的潜在源区(如大气降水、地表水),其~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值明显低于该剖面上部的最大值,加之,该剖面的风化产物与典型的中国黄土剖面具有截然不同的Sr-Nd同位素组成,暗示了这些潜在源区的输入不大可能造成该剖面上Sr同位素组成发生显著的变化。该剖面上~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值与Sr含量之间呈现显著的负相关性(r=–0.95),暗示粤北石灰岩化学风化过程中Sr同位素的演化受控于碳酸盐矿物与硅酸盐矿物在抗风化强度以及Sr同位素组成方面的显著差异:相对硅酸盐矿物,碳酸盐矿物(如方解石)抗风化强度较弱,于是随着风化作用的进行,原岩中具有较低~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值的方解石中的Sr大量迁出剖面,而具有较高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值的硅酸盐矿物中的Sr残留在风化产物中,因此,随着风化强度的增加,风化产物中的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值呈现出逐渐增大的趋势。     

三峡移民安置区泥灰质岩岩溶风化灾变性分析

三峡移民安置区三叠系巴东组( T2b )泥灰质岩的岩溶风化问题是新近发现的重大工程地质问题。泥灰质岩具有灰岩和泥岩双重特性,在灰质成分遭受溶蚀的同时,泥质成分遭受风化,由此引起岩性的复杂变化,由室内测试得出,深灰色泥质灰岩经岩溶风化后, CaCO3 含量呈降低的趋势, Fe2O3 含量和蒙脱石含量增高,演变为一系列风化岩和残坡积土,包括灰绿色泥灰岩、黄绿色泥灰岩、粉红色钙质泥岩、棕红色钙质泥岩、棕红色泥砾层、黄褐色膨胀土,在深处地下水富集带,泥灰质岩则被溶蚀成为杏黄色泥质条带。随着岩性的变化,岩石的力学强度不断降低、完整性不断弱化,并可能产生普遍的地面不均匀沉降、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流及地面塌陷地质灾害,这些问题必须在移民迁建以及将来城镇运行过程中引起高度重视。      

阿尔泰造山带依列克塔斯岩组片麻岩地球化学特征及形成环境

阿尔泰造山带依列克塔斯岩组为一套深变质片麻岩为主的岩石建造,岩石变质变形强烈,构造复杂。该岩组为副变质岩,原岩为沉积岩,岩性为富铝质长英质粘土、泥质砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥岩和页岩等,局部夹杂有中基性岩火山岩或同质凝灰质碎屑岩。主量元素表明其原岩为沉积化学成分,具高硅、过铝质钙碱性系列特征。微量元素含量显示Ta,Nb,Sr,P和Ti明显亏损,大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,K富集,U,La,Ce,Nd,Zr,Hf元素相对富集。稀土元素为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具"V"型分布特点。原岩可能为活动大陆边缘的大陆岛弧环境下的杂砂岩经搬运沉积成岩,后经多期变质作用。     

扬子克拉通峡东地区新元古代-寒武纪黑色岩系Os同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义

报道了扬子克拉通峡东地区新元古代至寒武纪含碳黑色泥质岩的Re-Os同位素和微量元素地球化学组成特征, 并对地层沉积环境的演化性质及其地质意义进行了讨论.研究表明: (1)峡东地区新元古代晚期-寒武纪早期细粒碎屑沉积岩Os同位素初始比值呈规律变化, 且具高Os同位素初始比值的层位与前人研究中发现的C同位素负漂移地层相对应; (2)南沱组冰碛岩具高放射成因Os同位素组成特征, 而其上覆盖帽碳酸盐岩为低放射成因Os同位素比值, 向上地层Os同位素初始比值表现为局部波动、总体增高的演化趋势; (3)微量元素U/Th比值与δU值指示莲沱组砂岩与南沱组冰碛岩具氧化环境的特征, 而陡山沱组、灯影组以及水井沱组底部黑色泥质岩则形成于相对还原环境; (4)Y/Ho比值和δCe值的负相关性特征指示部分地层沉积过程中有海底热液物质参与, 应为导致剖面上部分层位出现低放射性成因Os同位素组成的重要原因之一.高Os同位素比值和深海的脉冲式演化以及古生物群的产出之间很好的对应关系为探讨大陆风化与大气和海洋中氧气含量增加的联系提供了新的地球化学证据.南沱组冰碛岩Os同位素以及微量元素特征暗示其并非形成于完全冰封的地球表面环境, 而是存在较强的大陆岩石风化作用.      

发育完整的灰岩风化壳及其矿物学和地球化学特征

对于碳酸盐岩土覆土壤成因、尽管碳酸盐岩风化残积成土说被多数学者认同,但由于碳酸盐岩中酸不溶物含量极低,在风化成土过程中会伴随着巨大的体积缩小变化,原岩结构和半风化带无法保留,从而缺失了探索上覆土壤物质来源的重要中间环节,使得这种观点缺乏野外宏观证据的支持。最近,我们在贵州、湖南等地发现了数个以泥质灰岩和泥质白云岩为基岩的碳酸盐岩风化壳剖面,尚保留有较好的原岩结构,具有明显的风化壳分带和过渡现象。这些风化壳剖面的发现为深入研究碳酸盐岩风化成土过程提供了良好的研究场所。本文选取了较为典型的吉首泥灰岩风化壳剖面,从矿物学地球化学的角度来探讨碳酸盐岩风化壳的形成过程和发育特征,结果表明该风化壳既遵循非碳酸盐岩（主要是结晶岩类）风化壳的发育特征,也具有自己独特的地球化学演化规律。风化壳总体特点受碳酸盐中的酸不溶物矿物组合及化学成分的影响甚至控制,风化非碳酸盐风壳相似的发育特征。吉首泥灰岩风化壳剖面的发育特征和作者早先提出 的碳酸盐岩风化成土的两阶段模式是一致的,即以碳酸盐矿物大量淋失、酸不溶物逐渐堆积或残积为特征的早期阶段和残积物进一步风化成土的阶段,后一阶段的演化类似非碳酸盐岩类的风化过程。     

Al_2O_3/Ti:风化与蚀变过程中的原岩示踪

Al_2O_3和Ti在风化和热液蚀变等地球化学过程中通常被认为是不活动元素,两者的比值Al_2O_3/Ti常被用来指示地球化学作用过程。通过对中国157件火成岩样品元素含量平均值的统计发现,火成岩样品中Al_2O_3/Ti与SiO_2含量值之间存在着较好的幂函数关系:ln(Al_2O_3/Ti)=0.073×SiO_2-0.89,式中Al_2O_3和SiO_2和Ti含量单位均为%。本文基于得到的经验方程和TAS图解构建了一个新的判别岩石类型的图解——Al_2O_3-Ti图解。该图解可以区分酸性岩、中酸性岩、中性岩、中基性岩-基性岩四类岩性。通过对三个火成岩风化剖面的研究发现,花岗岩风化剖面从新鲜基岩到风化形成的土壤在Al_2O_3-Ti图解中均落在酸性岩区,花岗闪长岩风化剖面从新鲜基岩到风化形成的土壤样品均落在中酸性岩区,玄武质安山岩风化剖面从新鲜基岩到风化形成的土壤样品均落在中基性岩-基性岩区。不同风化程度的风化产物与其母岩在Al_2O_3-Ti图解中所在的区域一致,即Al_2O_3-Ti图解可以用来追溯火成岩风化产物的母岩岩性。通过对胶东焦家金矿和豫西牛头沟金矿两个矿区岩石的研究发现,黑云母花岗岩从新鲜岩石到其蚀变岩及其形成矿石的样品在Al_2O_3-Ti图解中均落在酸性岩区。玄武质安山岩从新鲜岩石到其蚀变岩及其形成矿石的样品在Al_2O_3-Ti图解中均落在中基性岩-基性岩区。即不同蚀变程度的蚀变产物与其原岩在Al_2O_3-Ti图解中所在的区域一致,这表明新构建的Al_2O_3-Ti图解可以用来示踪蚀变岩的原岩性质。     

湘中锡矿山式锑矿稀土元素地球化学研究

湘中锡矿山式锑矿与硅化关系密切。稀土元素地球化学研究表明,存在着灰岩硅化和砂泥质岩硅化不同原岩型的成矿围岩蚀变。硅化岩的稀土元素含量要林未蚀变原岩稍低,但是仍具有与原岩一致的相对关系,据此,可以恢复硅化岩原岩。硅化灰岩的稀土元素含量低,硅化砂岩（包括硅化泥质粉砂岩）相对较高。硅化灰岩的稀土元素配分型式有负Ｅｕ异常和Ｃｅ异常;而硅化砂岩稀土元素配分型式类似原则岩,只有负Ｅｕ异常,无Ｃｅ异常。辉锑矿稀     

广东长坑金银矿区含矿地层特征及沉积环境分析

广东三洲长坑矿区的小坪组和梓门桥组是金银矿的赋存层位。小坪组的岩性自下崦上为：块状细砾岩、含砾粗砂岩→中粗粒砂岩夹细砂岩、粉砂质泥岩、炭质泥岩→黑色薄层泥岩夹细砂岩→泥质粉沙岩、薄层细砂岩夹碳质泥岩→细砂岩、粗砂岩等,总体经历了河流→滨浅源→海湾泻湖→三角洲→河流的沉积环境。梓门桥组的岩性以含钙质粉砂岩、泥岩、泥质灰岩为主,上部夹角砾状硅质岩、灰岩,属于碳酸盐局限台地的近外围沉积。     

三峡库区丰都段泥质岩的工程地质特性及其水稳性分析

三峡库区丰都段基岩岸坡主要由J2—3泥质岩与砂岩互层组成。其中泥质岩(包括泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩)所占比例较大。根据野外调查和室内试验测试结果，三峡库区丰都段泥质岩普遍具有较高的成岩胶结程度，大部分泥质岩膨胀性弱或不具有膨胀性，因而具有良好的水稳性和崩解耐久性，并且随着粗颗粒含量的增大，泥质岩的水稳性明显提高。可以认为，三峡库区丰都段目前稳定的泥质岩岸坡在水库蓄水后仍将比较稳定。相对而言，粘粒含量较高的泥岩岸坡在水位波动带受干湿交替影响比较明显。     

大兴安岭地区花岗岩风化过程中锂同位素地球化学行为

锂(Li)同位素具有示踪大陆风化的潜力，但风化体系中Li同位素组成(δ⁷Li)对风化强度的指示关系仍不明确。本文以大兴安岭地区花岗岩风化剖面为研究对象，采集了剖面不同风化层位的样品，测定了原岩及其风化产物样品的元素含量和δ⁷Li值。结果表明，风化剖面上部的δ⁷Li值为-0.08‰～+1.8‰,中下部的δ⁷Li值为-2.6‰～+0.25‰并低于原岩的值(+0.75‰)。δ⁷Li值在剖面上部的变化主要是黄土输入及其再风化的结果，而中部主要是受次生矿物溶解和再沉淀过程的影响，下部主要是受控于次生矿物形成过程。岩石风化产物的Li同位素组成可以作为风化强度的替代指标，但次生矿物溶解和再沉淀过程可能会影响风化剖面的δ⁷Li值对风化强度的指示关系。     

Elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic compositional disparity of riverine sediments around the Yellow Sea: Constraints from grain-size and chemical partitioning

To obtain a better understanding of the source compositions of the river sediments around the Yellow Sea and their relationship with source rocks, elements and strontium-neodymium (Sr–Nd) isotopes of different grain-sizes (silt and clay populations) and chemical (labile and residual phases) fractionations in riverine sediments were studied extensively. These results clearly revealed a systematic compositional disparity between Korean river (KR) and Chinese river (CR) sediments, especially in the residual (detrital) fraction. The geochemical dissimilarity between these might reflect inherited signatures of their source rocks but with minor control from chemical weathering. In particular, the remarkable enrichment of some elements (iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg)) and the behavior of large ion lithophile elements (e.g., barium (Ba), potassium (K) and Sr) during weathering as well as less-radiogenic Sr isotopic compositions implies that CR sediments might be weathering products of relatively more mafic rocks, with abundant ferromagnesian and plagioclase feldspar minerals, compared with KR sediments derived from silicic granites with relatively higher quartz and potassium feldspar contents. This different petrological rationale is clearly evident in an A–CN–K diagram, which estimated the source rock of CR sediments as granodioritic, a composition that reflects accurately the average composition of weathered continental crust in China. The recognition of such geochemical systematics in two river sediments, especially in grain-size and chemically partitioned data, may contribute to the establishment of provenance tracers for the Yellow Sea and East China Sea sediments with multi-sources as well the dust deposition in the western Pacific.     

Geochemistry and provenance of bed sediments of the large rivers in the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan region

We investigated the geochemical characteristics of major, trace and rare earth elements and Sr–Nd isotope patterns of bed sediments from the headwaters and upper reaches of the six large rivers draining the Tibetan Plateau (the Jinsha River—Yangtze, Lancang River—Mekong, Nujiang River—Salween, Huang He—Yellow, Indus, and Yarlung Tsangpo—Brahmaputra). By using Ca/Al versus Mg/Al, La/Sc versus Co/Th, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr versus ε_Nd (0) binary differentiation diagrams of provenance, some typical contributors to the different catchment sediments can be identified. In the Three-River (the Jinsha, Lancang, and Nujiang Rivers) tectonomagmatic belt, acidic–intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks are very important provenance of sediments. Carbonate rocks and Permian Emeishan basalts are dominant in the Jinsha River. The Yellow River sediments have similar geochemical characteristics with loess in catchments. The Indus and Yarlung Tsangpo Rivers sediments are mainly from ultra-K volcanic rocks and Cenozoic granitoids widely distributed in the Indus–Yarlung suture. The intensity of chemical weathering in these river catchments is evaluated by calculating the chemical indices of alteration (CIA) of sediments and comparing them with bedrocks. The CIA values of the six river sediments are from 46.5 to 69.6, closing to those of bedrocks in the corresponding catchment, which indicates relatively weak chemical weathering intensity. Lithology, climate, and topography affect the chemical weathering intensity in these river catchments.     

Another sea area separated from the Panthalassic Ocean in the Norian,the Late Triassic: The lowest Sr isotopic composition of the Ishimaki limestone in central Japan

Mt. Ishimaki is the Jurassic accretionary complex of the Chichibu Belt in Toyohashi City, near Nagoya in central Japan. The Ishimaki limestone is thought to be seamount-type limestone. The P₁ elements of the conodonts Norigondolella navicula and Ancyrogondolella quadrata found in the limestone indicate it is of Norian age. The Sr isotopic compositions of 45 Ishimaki limestone samples ranged from 0.7055 to 0.7077. Eighteen of these samples had lower Sr isotopic compositions than the lowest Sr isotopic composition (0.7068) of seawater throughout the Phanerozoic. The Sr isotopic compositions in the limestone block are generally lower at the base of the block and higher at the top. The present Sr isotopic compositions of the Ishimaki limestone are unlikely to have been reduced by post-depositional alteration because most of the limestone samples had a low amount of Mn (<300 ppm) or high Sr/Mn ratios (>2) and the conodont elements had low (1–2) CAI (conodont alteration index) values. Additionally, there was little acid-insoluble residue. Thus, the low Sr isotopic compositions are thought to represent the strontium of the past ambient seawater. The low Sr isotopic compositions are in complete disagreement with the generally recognised range of seawater Sr isotopic compositions in the Norian stage of the Late Triassic (0.7075–0.7078) because the depositional environment of the Ishimaki limestone was closed or semi-closed from the Panthalassic Ocean. Therefore, the Sr isotopic composition of the limestone differs from that of the Panthalassic seawater. The low Sr isotopic compositions were probably affected by Sr inflows from mafic oceanic crust by hydrothermal fluid circulation or from hinterlands surrounded by mafic rocks by river water circulation.     

Evaluating the Provenance of Metasedimentary Rocks of the Jiangxian Group from the Zhongtiao Mountain Using Whole-Rock Geochemistry and Detrital Zircon Hf Isotope

Abstract：In this study, whole-rock geochemical and Nd isotopic data, as well as detrital zircon Hf isotopes of Palaeoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks from the Jiangxian Group are presented to evaluate the characteristics of their provenance and the tectonic history. The major and trace element compositions are comparable to Post-Archean upper continental crust (PA-UCC), but have slight enrichment in the LILE, with the exception of Cs and Sr, and a slight depletion in ferromagnesian elements, HFS elements, such as Nb and Ta, and some major elements, such as CaO and Na2O. The geochemical data reveal that the collected metasedimentary rocks have experienced intermediate source weathering with chemical index of alteration values ranging from 72 to 78, varying degrees of K-metasomatism, and post-depositional loss of Na, as well as negligible sorting, and are derived from the weathering of mostly felsic and non-mafic rocks. The selected Lu–Hf isotopic analysis on detrital zircon points to both the Trans-North China Orogen and Eastern Block of the north China craton as the most likely sources for the metasedimentary rocks of the Jiangxian Group. However, a contribution of detritus from the Western Block of the north China craton can be ruled out. The sediments were probably deposited in a back-arc basin within an active continental margin setting.     

Isotope-geochemical systematics of kimberlites and related rocks from the Siberian Platform

Using the ICP-MS method we have studied the isotope systematics of Sr and Nd as well as trace element composition of a representative collection of kimberlites and related rocks from the Siberian Platform. The summarized literature and our own data suggest that the kimberlites developed within the platform can be divided into several petrochemical and geochemical types, whose origin is related to different mantle sources. The petrochemical classification of kimberlites is based on persistent differences of their composition in mg# and in contents of indicator oxides such as FeO_tot, TiO₂, and K₂O. The recognized geochemical types of kimberlites differ from one another in the level of concentration of incompatible elements as well as in their ratios.Most of isotope characteristics of kimberlites and related rocks of the Siberian Platform correspond to the earlier studied Type 1 basaltoid kimberlites from different provinces of the world: Points of isotopic compositions are in the field of primitive and weakly depleted mantle. An exception is one sample of the rocks from veins of the Ingashi field (Sayan area), which is characterized by the Sr and Nd isotopic composition corresponding to Type 2 micaceous kimberlites (orangeites).The most important feature of distribution of isotopic and trace-element compositions (incompatible elements) is their independence of the chemical rock composition. It is shown that the kimberlite formation is connected with, at least, two independent sources, fluid and melt, responsible for the trace-element and chemical compositions of the rock. It is supposed that, when rising through the heterogeneous lithosphere of the mantle, a powerful flow of an asthenosphere-derived fluid provoked the formation of local kimberlite chambers there. Thus, the partial melting of the lithosphere mantle led to the formation of contrasting petrochemical types of kimberlites, while the geochemical specialization of kimberlites is due to the mantle fluid of asthenosphere origin, which drastically dominated in the rare-metal balance of a hybrid magma of the chamber.     

Sr and Nd Isotopic Characteristics and Magma Genesis of Mesozoic Volcanic Rocks Along the Coastal Region of Southeastern China

The Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the coastal region of southeastern China were superimposed on some different basement tectonic elements. The volcanic rocks developed in these different basement tectonic elements have great differences in Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. The rocks in western Zhejiang and northeastern Jiangxi Provinces which belong to the Lower Yangtze subplate have lower initial 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios, but are higher in initial Nd isotopic ratios. The initial 143Nd / 144Nd values of the volcanic rocks developed in the Cathaysian subplate increase clearly from early to late in time, and from the core of the Wuyishan uplift coastwards constantly, but the initial 87Sr/86Sr values tend to decrease. The isotopic characteristics and their spatial variations in Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the study region are, to a great extent, manifestations of the isotopic characteristics in basement metamorphic complexes, and the generation of the Mesozoic acid magma in this region is attributed to the recycling o     

Sr and Nd isotopes as tracers in pedogenic studies: Evidence for Saharan dust contribution to the soils of Muravera (Sardinia,Italy)

Sr and Nd isotopes were applied to 5 soil profiles from the Muravera area, in south-eastern Sardinia.All the soils, which have developed during the Quaternary on the Lower Paleozoic metamorphic basement except for one on Eocene carbonates, are located far from major sources of pollution. Therefore, they are suitable for testing pedogenic processes and geochemical evolution to benefit for environmental studies.The Sr isotopic ratios range largely (δ⁸⁷Sr = 1.7–65.9‰), even in each soil profile. In particular, the observed increase of δ⁸⁷Sr with depth in the most of the metamorphic rock-based soils can be accounted for by the downward decrease of Sr contributions from organic matter and Saharan dust, both displaying lower isotopic ratios than the soil bedrocks. The carbonate rock-based soil exhibits δ⁸⁷Sr higher (1.7–18.1‰) than the bedrock, indicating a significant contribution of radiogenic Sr from the siliciclastic fraction of the soil, and probably from dust input. The Nd isotopic ratios are slightly variable through the profiles (ɛ_Nd from −7.8 to −14.5), confirming little mobility of Nd and Sm during the pedogenesis. Among the minerals present in the soils, phosphates, albite, and calcite are those important in providing low radiogenic Sr and Nd to organic matter of the soils.Lastly, this isotopic study has in particular allowed for evaluating the potential proportion of contribution of Saharan dust to south-eastern Sardinia, thus corroborating the findings of other studies related to soils from the central-western Mediterranean.     

Elemental mobility in subduction metamorphism: insight from metamorphic rocks of the Franciscan Complex and the Feather River ultramafic belt,California

The degree of element mobility in subduction metamorphism has generated much debate; some workers advocate considerable mobility during metamorphism, whereas others postulate minimal mobility. We assess this issue by examination of major and trace element concentrations and Pb-, Nd-isotopic data for 39 mafic metavolcanic rocks from the Franciscan subduction complex, related units of coastal California, and the Feather River ultramafic belt of the northern Sierra Nevada, California; these samples span a wide range of metamorphic grade. We conclude that these rocks, despite their metamorphism up to eclogite facies, preserve protolith major and trace elemental compositions and isotopic ratios, with the exception of some mobile large ion lithophile elements such as Ba, Pb, and to a smaller extent La, U, and Sr. Thus subduction metamorphism of these metabasalts occurred in a largely closed system. Lack of light rare earth element enrichment in the rocks demonstrates lack of chemical exchange with subducted metasediments. Relatively low SiO₂ content (<48 wt.%) of many of the metamorphic rocks and the lack of correspondence between silica depletion and metamorphic grade suggests that the silica depletion resulted from seafloor hydrothermal alteration before subduction. In spite of demonstrated mobility of Pb, and possible mobility of Nd, isotopic ratios of Pb and Nd were not modified during subduction metamorphism. In contrast to our results from metabasaltic rocks, our analysis of actinolite-rich rinds from high-grade Franciscan mélange blocks suggests some chemical exchange between metachert and the overlying mantle. The increasing enrichment in Ba and Pb with increasing metamorphic grade suggests that Ba- and Pb-rich fluids interacted more intensely with metabasalt at the higher grades of metamorphism. Comparison of these results with studies of the active Mariana forearc suggests that fluids interacting with the mantle wedge up-dip of the region of magma genesis are derived from subducting sediments overlying the down-going plate.     

粤西阳春中生代钾玄质侵入岩及其构造意义：

粤西阳春地区马山二长闪长岩强烈富集K、Sr和LREE，(87Sr／86Sr)；≈0.7046，εNd(t)≈+1；岗尾-轮水岩体较富集K、Rb、Th和LREE，(87Sr／86Sr)：≈0.7063，εNd(t)≈-2；石岩体较富集Sr，K、Rb、Th和LREE相对较低，(87Sr／86Sr);=0.7084～0.7089，εNd(t)≈-6。马山岩体来源于大离子亲石元素(ULE)和LREE富集的交代地幔；岗尾-轮水岩体来自于放射成因Sr、Nd同位素组成略高或交代时间略早的富集交代地幔，并且经历了明显的结晶分异作用；石岩体则很可能是前存下地壳底垫基性岩重熔形成的。从早侏罗世到早白垩世，南岭西部的岩浆成分和源区的规律性变化反映了区域软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈伸展-拉张-减薄的演化过程。     

The process of glauconitization: chemical and isotopic evidence

Sequential leaching experiments were made on Recent glauconies and clay fractions of the associated mud from off-shore Africa near the estuary of the Congo River. Analyses of major/rare earth elements (REE) and Nd isotopic compositions on the resulting leachate and residue pairs allow identification of at least three important and isotopically distinct components which contributed to the glauconitization process: (1) a detrital component with relatively high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and relatively low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotopic ratios; (2) a phosphate phase rich in REE and Sr with sea water Sr and Nd isotopic characteristics; (3) a component rich in organic matter and Ca with a sea water Sr isotopic signature, a relatively low Nd isotopic composition and elevated Sm/Nd ratios. This latter component probably represents the suspended organic and carbonate-rich river load. The detrital and the river components were mixed up in the muddy off-shore sediment, ingested by worms, and integrated into faecal pellets. The resulting material has Sr and Nd isotopic signatures intermediate between those of the detrital and river components, and represents the precursor of the glaucony minerals. During the subsequent dissolution-crystallization process, the glauconitic pellets remain isotopically closed to any external supply, but expulsion of Sr and Nd with increasing degree of maturation is observed without any effect on the Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. At a higher maturation stage (K₂O>4.5%), the Sr and Nd isotopic compositions tend to decrease and increase, respectively, approximating the isotopic composition values of the phosphate-rich phase. Because the Sr and Nd concentrations decrease, the evolution of the glauconies toward lower Sr and higher Nd isotopic compositions can only be explained by expulsion of Sr and Nd of the detrital component with high Sr and low Nd isotopic signatures. Dissolution of the chemically unstable, wormdigested clay material from mud may be responsible for the liberation of these elements. Consequently, the phosphate-rich phase with sea water Sr and Nd isotopic signatures becomes increasingly important for the isotopic characteristics of the maturing glauconite grains, and sea water isotopic signatures can be reached during the stage of mature glauconite (K₂O>6.5%), without chemical exchange with the depositional environment.