青海省骆驼峰地区斑岩型铜钼矿找矿前景分析

东昆仑之祁漫塔格成矿带是一个多金属多类型矿产富集带，是我国新的十大找矿资源潜力地之一.近年来，此带中的斑岩型铜钼矿找矿取得了新突破，成为本区找矿工作的一个新亮点.位于祁漫塔格成矿带东侧之骆驼峰地区有大量的物化探异常，已发现了斑岩型铜钼矿、夕卡岩型铁多金属矿及热液脉型铜铅锌多金属矿，共同构成了斑岩型铜钼矿的岩浆热液成矿系列.通过总结区域及骆驼峰矿区成矿地质特征，分析斑岩型铜钼矿找矿前景，认为该区具有形成斑岩型铜钼矿的良好条件，加大找矿工作力度有望取得较大突破.     

青海祁漫塔格楚阿克拉千隐爆角砾岩型铅锌矿床成矿模式及发现意义

青海省东昆仑成矿带西段的祁漫塔格地区与三叠纪花岗岩、斑岩有关的斑岩型、接触交代矽卡岩型、热液型矿产广泛分布。近年以缺位预测成矿理论为指导,在祁漫塔格发现了一处新类型矿床——楚阿克拉千隐爆角砾岩型铅锌矿床。开展了流体包裹体和氢、氧、硫同位素研究,结果表明矿床内存在明显的2类流体,一类为中高温低盐度低密度NaCl-CO_2-H_2O流体,另一类为低温中等盐度中低密度NaCl-H_2O流体,2类流体反映的成矿压力明显不同,与隐爆作用吻合,压力的突然释放是成矿的关键。氢、氧同位素结果表明,成矿热液来源于岩浆水和大气降水的混合,硫同位素显示硫来源于岩浆。对矿床特征分析总结,综合认为,矿床的形成与斑岩活动密切相关,结合卡尔却卡A区斑岩成矿特征,建立了楚阿克拉千矿床成矿模式,提出了楚阿克拉千地区具有斑岩型找矿潜力的认识。该矿床的发现对于促进东昆仑地区斑岩找矿突破和斑岩成矿规律研究具有重要的科学意义和勘查意义。     

青海祁漫塔格成矿带骆驼峰铜钼矿床地质特征及成因探讨

骆驼峰铜钼矿床是祁漫塔格成矿带新发现的斑岩型铜钼矿床,位于柴达木盆地西南缘,区内出露地层主要为古元古界金水口岩群片麻岩类;岩浆岩以印支期花岗闪长岩类为主,花岗闪长岩为区内主要含矿岩性;构造以北东向张性断裂为主,为区内主要的控矿构造。区内地表及外围矿体以热液脉型铜多金属矿为主,深部矿体以斑岩型钼矿为主,总体形成以含钼斑岩体为中心的斑岩型钼矿,外围为热液脉型铜多金属矿的岩浆热液成矿系列,从地表向深部总体具绿泥石化—钾化—硅化+绢英岩化的矿化蚀变分带特征,初步建立了“上铜下钼”的成矿模式,今后的找矿思路是加强对斑岩体时空分布、成矿物质来源及成矿对比的研究,进一步建立找矿模型,为祁漫塔格地区乃至东昆仑地区铜钼多金属矿床的找矿拓宽思路。     

青海卡尔却卡铜钼矿床地质特征及成因探讨

青海省格尔木市卡尔却卡矿区位于柴达木盆地西南缘,卡尔却卡铜钼矿是近年在东昆仑祁漫塔格地区发现的中型矿床,成矿时代为中晚三叠世。矿区北西部具有斑岩成矿的特征,矿区中部具有典型矽卡岩成矿的特征。卡尔却卡矿区共圈出铜锌钼多金属矿体64个,具有较好的找矿前景,斑岩成矿的事实为今后在东昆仑成矿带找矿拓宽了思路。     

青海祁漫塔格晚古生代—早中生代侵入岩构造背景与成矿关系

造山带成矿作用研究是当代成矿学重大研究的前沿,通过对东昆仑造山带北西段祁漫塔格晚古生代—早中生代侵入岩研究,表明祁漫塔格与东昆仑东段晚古生代—早中生代构造演化具有一定相似性。早二叠世之前为洋盆扩张期,早二叠世空谷期洋盆扩张结束,俯冲作用开始,发育钾玄岩系列POG型花岗岩,形成斑岩型铜矿。中三叠世为主俯冲阶段,发育高钾钙碱性大陆弧花岗岩(CAG),形成矽卡岩型铁多金属矿。晚三叠世卡尼—诺利期,大洋闭合,进入后碰撞陆内造山阶段,发育高钾钙碱性钾玄岩系列后造山花岗岩(POG),形成了斑岩钼矿和矽卡岩型铁多金属矿。     

东昆仑巴音呼都森晚三叠世中酸性侵入岩锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年及地质意义

巴音呼都森中酸性花岗岩位于东昆仑西段祁漫塔格山,处于北昆仑岩浆弧中,岩石类型由灰白色中细粒花岗闪长岩、灰白色中细粒二长花岗岩、浅肉红色细中粒似斑状二长花岗岩和浅灰肉红色二长花岗斑岩组成。笔者分别选取该地区多登似斑状二长花岗岩和景忍二长花岗斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石微区定年,获得时间为(217±2)Ma、(212±1)Ma,表明该岩体成岩年龄为晚三叠世。岩石地球化学特征具有高SiO_2含量(67.01%～76.61%)、K_2O含量(3.47%～5.52%)、Na2O含量(1.55%～4.52%),而贫MgO(0.12%～1.37%),低TiO_2(0.06%～0.84%)、P2O5(0.01%～0.36%)的特征,稀土元素特征具弱的Eu负异常(δEu值=0.17～0.72),A/CNK均小于1.1,岩石系列属过铝质的高钾钙碱性。综合分析认为该期花岗岩形成于后造山伸展环境。该型花岗岩的确定证明了祁漫塔格地区晚三叠世之前碰撞造山作用的存在。     

青海东昆仑鸭子沟多金属矿床地质地球化学特征及找矿前景分析

鸭子沟矿床是青海祁漫塔格地区新近发现的铜、钼、铅、锌多金属矿床。笔者基于详细野外地质调查,开展了地质地球化学研究,分析了找矿前景。该矿床产出2种矿化类型:一种为矽卡岩型铜铅锌矿,矿体主要产于印支期二长花岗岩与滩间山群大理岩接触部位的矽卡岩带中;另一种为产于印支期花岗斑岩中的斑岩型铜钼矿。通过对侵入岩岩石地球化学分析,并结合区域地质构造演化分析,表明与矽卡岩型矿化密切相关的花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,以及与斑岩型成矿密切相关的钾长花岗斑岩均属弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性花岗岩类,形成于碰撞后构造环境。基于矿区成矿地质条件和地球物理、地球化学特征综合分析,认为该区具有良好的找矿前景。     

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区花岗岩成因类型对成矿作用的控制

祁漫塔格地区位于东昆仑造山带的西段,中酸性花岗岩浆侵入活动强烈,断裂构造十分发育,矿产资源丰富。区内大多数矿产都直接或间接的受花岗岩浆作用控制,笔者利用研究区花岗岩体的成因分类结果,以与加里东期和印支晚期花岗岩浆作用有关的几个典型矿床为例,简要阐述花岗岩成因类型对成矿作用的控制。结果显示,祁漫塔格地区同时期形成的花岗岩体,花岗岩成因类型不同,其所形成的矿产也不同;而不同时期形成的花岗岩体,花岗岩成因类型相同,其所形成的矿产也较接近。加里东期以A型或(A+S)型为主的花岗岩类形成了白干湖-戛勒赛超大型钨锡矿,而同期以I型为主的花岗岩类形成了乌兰乌珠尔铜锡矿。加里东期与印支晚期同以I型为主的花岗岩类,虽然成矿时代不同,却都形成了矿种相近的乌兰乌珠尔铜锡矿和卡尔却卡铜钼矿。     

青海祁漫塔格虎头崖多金属矿区花岗斑岩地球化学、年代学特征及其地质意义

青海祁漫塔格地区侵入岩分布广泛,主要沿区域主构造线北西西向展布。虎头崖多金属矿区内的花岗斑岩产于东西向与北西西向构造结合部位,呈岩枝状产出。斑晶的主要成分为石英、斜长石、钾长石、黑云母及普通角闪石。对该花岗斑岩进行了全岩主量、微量、稀土元素分析和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究,同时对虎头崖矿区内的典型花岗岩进行了详细的岩石地球化学特征及岩相学研究。花岗斑岩的里特曼指数δ为1.56~2.16,具有高硅、高钾、低铝的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列,准铝质-弱过铝质花岗岩。微量元素具有富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素,Ba、Sr、Nb负异常特征。稀土元素配分曲线为略右倾的海鸥型,Eu负异常特征明显,具有A₂亚型花岗岩的特征。花岗岩与花岗斑岩具有一致的地球化学特征、成因类型、岩浆源区、形成环境。因此,该花岗斑岩与花岗岩构成的酸性侵入体为同一岩浆源区,形成于东昆仑造山带后碰撞伸展环境中的花岗质杂岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得（232.7±1.8）Ma（MSWD=1.3,n=22）的岩体侵位年龄,表明东昆仑在印支期进入陆内造山末期,大规模的岩浆事件引起祁漫塔格地区印支期成矿作用。     

青海省那陵郭勒河中游晚三叠世侵入岩地球化学特征及地质意义

那陵郭勒河中游位于东昆仑西段祁漫塔格地区,分布着大量的花岗岩.对该地区晚三叠世侵入岩的研究有助于认识东昆仑造山带印支期构造-岩浆演化历史.对研究区内花岗岩进行了岩石学、年代学及岩石地球化学分析.分析结果表明,研究区花岗闪长岩和二长花岗斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为(225.7士1)Ma、(213.74±...     

新疆东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床之斑岩体特征

新疆东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床位于哈密市南110 km,为荒漠戈壁区,隶属于东天山觉罗塔格多金属成矿带。钼矿体赋存于斑状花岗岩体的外接触带浅变质碎屑岩中;侵入岩主要有浅肉红色斑状花岗岩（隐伏岩体）、花岗斑岩脉、细粒花岗岩脉三种,控矿岩体为隐伏斑状花岗岩,属华力西晚期第二次侵入。本文对东戈壁矿区岩体的岩石学、岩石化学、岩石地球化...     

Geochemistry, Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotopes of Peraluminous Granitic Porphyry from the Walegen Au Deposit, West Qinling Terrane

Walegen Au deposit is closely correlated with granitic intrusions of Triassic age, which are composed of granite and quartz porphyries. Both granite porphyry and quartz porphyry consist of quartz, feldspar and muscovite as primary minerals. Weakly peraluminous granite porphyry(A/CNK=1.10–1.15) is enriched in LREE, depleted in HREE with Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies, and displays subduction-related geochemistry. Quartz porphyry is strongly peraluminous(A/CNK=1.64–2.81) with highly evolved components, characterized by lower TiO_2, REE contents, Mg~#, K/Rb, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf ratios and higher Rb/Sr ratios than the granite porphyry. REE patterns of quartz porphyry exhibit lanthanide tetrad effect, resulting from mineral fractionation or participation of fluids with enriched F and Cl. LAICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates quartz porphyry formed at 233±3 Ma. The ages of relict zircons from Triassic magmatic rocks match well with the detrital zircons from regional area. In addition, ε_(Hf)(t) values of Triassic magmatic zircons from the granite and quartz porphyries are -14.2 to -9.1(with an exception of +4.1) and -10.8 to -8.6 respectively, indicating a crustal-dominant source. Regionally, numerous Middle Triassic granitoids were previously reported to be formed under the consumption of Paleotethyan Ocean. These facts indicate that the granitic porphyries from Walegen Au deposit may have been formed in the processes of the closing of Paleotethyan Ocean, which could correlate with the arc-related magmatism in the Kunlun orogen to the west and the Qinling orogen to the east.     

青海野马泉铁锌矿床二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb和金云母Ar-Ar测年及地质意义

青海野马泉铁锌矿床地处祁漫塔格山与柴达木盆地之间的盆山结合部位,是矽卡岩型铁锌多金属矿床。矿体均呈隐伏?半隐伏状产出、具多期次强烈岩浆活动叠加等特征。长期以来,有关野马泉铁锌多金属矿床的成矿岩体和成矿时代众说纷纭,制约了对该矿床成因机制的认识及进一步的矿产勘查工作。本文基于详细的野外实地调查和矿床地质特征解剖,开展了成岩成矿年龄精测,探讨了成矿构造环境。铁锌矿体产于二长花岗岩与围岩地层的外接触带,发育石榴子石、透辉石、金云母、绿帘石等矽卡岩化作用。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法,获得成矿二长花岗岩的年龄为229.5±2.2 Ma(n=22,MSWD=1.3);采用Ar-Ar分步升温法获得与磁铁矿共生的金云母坪年龄为222.0±1.3 Ma(MSWD=0.41)、等时线年龄为222.4±2.5 Ma(MSWD=1.4),证实野马泉铁锌多金属矿床形成于晚三叠世,成矿岩体属过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列,为I-A过渡型花岗岩,具有高SiO_2,高K_2O/Na_2O,低P_2O_5,低Sr高Yb的特点。结合区域其他多金属矿床最新成岩成矿年代学数据,认为野马泉矿床形成于东昆仑地区海西?印支造山旋回晚期、由碰撞向后碰撞转换的地质构造环境。     

Emplacement Ages and Petrogenesis of the Molybdenum–bearing Granites in the Jinduicheng Area of East Qinling, China: Constraints from Zircon U–Pb Ages and Hf Isotopes

The Mesozoic porphyry assemblage in the Jinduicheng area is a special molybdenum area in China, the Mo deposits, including the Jinduicheng, Balipo, Shijiawan, Huanglongpu, are distributed. The emplacement age and geochemical features of the granites in the Jinduicheng area can provide essential information for the exploration and development of the porphyry molybdenum deposit. In this study, we report LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb age and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of granite porphyries from the Jinduicheng area, and provide insights on the petrogensis and source characteristics of the granites. The results show that the zircon U–Pb ages of the Jinduicheng granite porphyry (143±1 Ma) and the Balipo granite (154±1 Ma), agree well with the Re–Os ages of molybdenite in the Jinduicheng molybdenum polymetallic deposit (139±3 Ma) and the Balipo molybdenum polymetallic deposit (156±2 Ma), indicating that the emplacement of granite porphyries occurred between Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Zircons granite from the Jinduicheng area give the εHf(t) values mainly ranging from ?10 to ?16, and ?20 to ?24, respectively, corresponding to two–stage model ages (tDM2: mainly focused on 1.86–2.0 Ga, and 2.2–2.6 Ga, respectively) of zircons of the granite from the Jinduicheng values. The ore–forming materials are mainly derived from crust, with minor mantle substances. Zircons of the granite from the Balipo area give εHf(t) values ranging from ?18 to ?20, ?28 to ?38, and ?42 to ?44, respectively, corresponding to two–stage model ages (tDM2: mainly focused on 1.88–3.0 Ga, and 3.2–3.90 Ga, respectively). the εHf(t) values of the Jinduicheng porphyry more than that of the Balipo porphyry, and two–stage model ages (tDM2) less than that of the Balipo porphyry, shows that he source of the porphyries originated from ancient lower crustal materials in the Jinduicheng area, and mixed younger components, more younger components contributed for the source of the Jinduicheng porphyry.     

Mineral Geochemistry of Apatite in the Jiama Porphyry-Skarn Deposit, Tibet and its Geological Significance

The Jiama deposit, a significant porphyry-skarn-type copper polymetallic deposit located within the Gangdese metallogenic belt in Tibet, China, exemplifies a typical porphyry metallogenic system. However, the mineral chemistry of its accessory minerals remains under-examined, posing challenges for resource assessment and ore prospecting. Utilizing electron microprobe analysis and LA-ICP-MS analysis, this study investigated the geochemical characteristics of apatite in ore-bearing granite and monzogranite porphyries, as well as granodiorite, quartz diorite, and dark diorite porphyries in the deposit. It also delved into the diagenetic and metallogenic information from these geochemical signatures. Key findings include: (1) The SiO2 content, rare earth element (REE) contents, and REE partition coefficients of apatite indicate that the dark diorite porphyry possibly does not share a cogenetic magma source with the other four types of porphyries; (2) the volatile F and Cl contents in apatite, along with their ratio, indicate the Jiama deposit, formed in a collisional setting, demonstrates lower Cl/F ratios in apatite than the same type of deposits formed in a subduction environment; (3) compared to non-ore-bearing rock bodies in other deposits formed in a collisional setting, apatite in the Jiama deposit exhibits lower Ce and Ga contents. This might indicate that rock bodies in the Jiama deposit have higher oxygen fugacity. Nevertheless, the marginal variation in oxygen fugacity between ore-bearing and non-ore-bearing rock bodies within the deposit suggests oxygen fugacity may not serve as the decisive factor in the ore-hosting potential of rock bodies in the Jiama deposit.     

赣南园岭寨大型钼矿岩石地球化学、成岩成矿年代学及其地质意义

江西省安远县园岭寨钼矿是南岭地区新发现的大型独立斑岩型钼矿床,矿体主要产出在园岭寨花岗斑岩与寻乌组变质岩的内外接触带中。通过对园岭寨钼矿系统的岩石学、地球化学和成岩成矿时代研究,结果表明,园岭寨花岗斑岩化学成分具有富K2O(6.52%～8.33%)、P2O5(0.17%～0.21%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.33～1.59),高Mg#(53～68)、贫CaO(0.37%～2.99%)、Na2O(0.27%～1.01%)和K2O/Na2O>1的特征;微量元素以富含Rb,亏损Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和富含U、Pb、Nd、Zr、Hf等,亏损Nb、Ta、La、Ce、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)为主要特征,Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.80～0.90),(La/Yb)N=9.27～13.18,轻重稀土分馏明显。结合成因类型判别图解和矿物学特征,园岭寨斑岩为典型的S型花岗岩,以壳源物质的重熔为主,并受一定程度的幔源物质影响。利用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄,获得了花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为165.49±0.59Ma(MSWD=1.4,n=19);利用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年法,获得园岭寨钼矿床辉钼矿的结晶年龄为160±1～162.7±1.1Ma,属赣南燕山期第二次钼成矿作用(150～162Ma)。结合区域年代学资料和已知的矿床(点),指出本区进一步找矿工作应集中在中-晚侏罗世-早白垩世Mo、Pb、Zn等矿床的查找上。     

黑龙江霍吉河钼矿成矿地质特征及花岗闪长岩年代学、地球化学特征

霍吉河钼矿床位于小兴安岭—张广才岭成矿带北段,是近年发现的钼矿床。该钼矿含矿岩体主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩,钼矿体大多数呈细脉浸染状在花岗闪长岩中绕角砾岩筒分布。含矿花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(184.0±1.5)Ma,形成于燕山早期;其SiO2质量分数为60.06%～69.34%、K2O和Na2O质量分数分别为3.36%～5.78%和2.60%～3.78%,铝指数A/CNK=0.78～0.98,属于偏铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩;轻重稀土分馏强烈(LaN/YbN=10.96～24.99),Eu负异常不明显(Eu/Eu*=0.72～0.86);富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、Pb和Sr等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Y和Yb等元素,这或者暗示其岩浆源区相对富水,或者反映岩浆源区可能遭受过俯冲带流体的交代作用,其形成与太平洋板块俯冲作用有关。结合主成矿温度、成矿地质特征及成矿构造背景,认为霍吉河钼矿成因应属于斑岩型钼矿。     

滇西分水岭矿区始新世岩浆岩成因及其构造指示:地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素制约

云南省永胜县分水岭矿区是近年发现的斑岩型铜多金属矿床。铜矿化多产于斑岩体中部外侧(喇叭箐断裂两侧)及部分岩枝的节理裂隙中,矿化与斑岩体密切相关。矿区主要侵入岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究获得含矿石英二长斑岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为36.0±0.2Ma,表明分水岭矿区斑岩体为古近纪始新世岩浆活动的产物。全岩地球化学研究显示,斑岩体Si O2含量变化较大(53.7%~71.06%),高钾(1.67%~6.1%)和碱(Na2O+K2O平均值8%),A/CNK为0.35~1.03,属高钾的钙碱性-碱性、准铝质-过铝质斑岩;富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、La、Nd、Hf)、亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb、P、Ti),富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,具A2型花岗岩特征。斑岩体锆石Hf同位素研究,得到εHf(t)值为-8.70~+4.67,地壳模式年龄(tDMC)为533.7Ma~1062.8Ma,显示矿区始新世斑岩体来源于壳幔岩浆的混合。结合区域演化特征,认为分水岭斑岩体形成于造山期后的拉张环境,陆陆碰撞挤压后应力松驰,岩浆沿断裂及次级断裂上侵,进而形成铜多金属矿床。