藏南江孜地区早白垩世甲不拉组钙质超微化石的特征及其地层意义

藏南江孜一带的侏罗纪—白垩纪海相地层被划分为维美组和甲不拉组。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察和分析,发现甲不拉组黑色页岩中含有保存较为完好的钙质超微化石。研究区的生物丰度和分异度偏低,经鉴定以椭圆球石科（Ellip-sagelosphaeraceae）生物群为主,数量相对丰富,但属种比较单调。超微化石指示甲不拉组为早白垩世沉积的产物。结合菊石和双壳类化石,认为甲不拉组地层时代属于早白垩世贝利阿斯期至凡兰吟期（Berriasian-Valanginian）。这一发现标志着西藏特提斯东部早白垩世地层中钙质超微化石的存在。甲不拉组早白垩世钙质超微化石的发现,为该地区海相地层的时代划分、对比提供了新的资料,也为寻找海相侏罗纪—白垩纪地层界线指示了目标。     

湖北建始黄岩及邻区二叠系大隆组生态地层

湖北建始黄岩及邻区二叠系大隆相区产丰富的菊石、双壳类、鱼类以及少量的壳薄体轻的腕足类和遗迹化石等底栖生物。根据建始黄岩和巫山纸厂沟剖面上化石的埋葬特征,以化石的形态功能分析为基础,将建始黄岩、巫山纸厂沟二叠纪大隆组—大冶组底部的生物群分为9个群落,根据群落对沉积盆地中游离氧的示踪,将区内群落划分为浮游微生物群落、游泳漂浮群落、底栖表生群落和底栖内生群落四种类型。在群落生态分析及群落带划分的基础上,分析了建始黄岩及邻区群落的时空分布及古地理演变特点。     

西藏江孜-浪卡子一带的侏罗-白垩纪界线地层

侏罗系/白垩系界线是显生宙所有系级界线中存在问题最多的一个。西藏南部出露有良好的侏罗-白垩纪地层,本次工作在喜马拉雅地层区的康马隆子地层分区开展了海相侏罗系/白垩系的界线研究。江孜地区的界线地层被划分为维美组和甲不拉组;浪卡子地区的甲不拉组之下发育一套含大量火山岩层的火山－沉积地层,被称为桑秀组。该地层分区的地层系统由下至上为：维美组浅灰色厚层状粗-细粒石英砂岩;桑秀组黑色页岩、安山岩和玄武岩;以及甲不拉组黑色页岩、硅质泥页岩夹砂岩和砂质灰岩。维美组中含化石稀少,仅在江孜地区发现零星菊石Haplophylloceras、Himalayites等。桑秀组下部页岩和粉砂岩中找到少量菊石化石,属于Spiticeras、Berriasella、Haplophylloceras的一些种,和富集成层的双壳类Inoceramus everesti等。江孜甲不拉组下部化石丰富,划分为Spiticeras-Berriasella下组合和Himalayaites-Haplophylloceras上组合。本研究区的生物地层可与聂拉木地区的菊石化石组合对比。通过生物地层学对比,江孜-浪卡子地区的维美组时代为晚侏罗世Tithonian期,江孜地区甲不拉组下部和浪卡子地区的桑秀组均属于下白垩统。桑秀组下部的页岩段与江孜甲不拉组的最下部地层相当,上部火山岩的同位素年龄为133 Ma。据此,桑秀组的时代为Berriasian至Hauterivian期,侏罗系/白垩系的界线位于该组之底,以Virgatosphinctes、Aulocosphinctes的消失和Spiticeras的出现为标志。侏罗纪末期西藏特提斯海区普遍形成大规模海退,表现为维美组和门卡墩组顶部砂岩的同期沉积。     

1∶25万比如县幅、丁青县幅、嘉黎县幅、边坝县幅地质调查成果与进展

在丁青蛇绿岩以西的色扎岩体顶部单元硅质岩中首次发现早侏罗世菊石化石;在丁青县雪拉山口南的雀莫错组、布曲组中新采获双壳、桦树等化石;在巴青县雅安大山雀莫错组、马里组板岩中新采获云雀贝化石;边坝县的多尼组可分为3套岩性组合,在灰岩中发现大量的双壳类化石,可望建立一个新的岩性地层单位;拉孜北凼木曲东岸的拉贡塘组碳酸盐岩应为一套多旋回凝灰岩,发现丰富的苏铁类和真蕨类植物化石,具有晚侏罗世至早白垩世植被面貌;在索县次汝乡北多尼组中新发现白云母花岗岩岩滴;将嘉黎断裂带南侧娘蒲乡至错高乡一带的原蒙拉组解体为4套地层,并在其中发现变质侵入体;新发现几处蛇绿岩。     

藏南江孜地区早白垩世甲不拉组钙质超微化石的特征及其地层意义

藏南江孜一带的侏罗纪—白垩纪海相地层被划分为维美组和甲不拉组。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察和分析,发现甲不拉组黑色页岩中含有保存较为完好的钙质超微化石。研究区的生物丰度和分异度偏低,经鉴定以椭圆球石科(Ellip-sagelosphaeraceae)生物群为主,数量相对丰富,但属种比较单调。超微化石指示甲不拉组为早白垩世沉积的产物。结合菊石和双壳类化石,认为甲不拉组地层时代属于早白垩世贝利阿斯期至凡兰吟期(Berriasian-Valanginian)。这一发现标志着西藏特提斯东部早白垩世地层中钙质超微化石的存在。甲不拉组早白垩世钙质超微化石的发现,为该地区海相地层的时代划分、对比提供了新的资料,也为寻找海相侏罗纪—白垩纪地层界线指示了目标。     

Palynological dating of infra- and intertrappean sediments in the Mesozoic succession of Borehole PGD-6, Domra Sub-basin, West Bengal, India

Palynofloras have been examined from infra- and intertrappean sediments of the Panchet and Rajmahal Formations in the Domra Sub-basin of the Damodar Basin, West Bengal, India. Three distinct palynological assemblages are identified and referred to the following palynozones: (i)Lundbladispora–Verrucosisporites(506.60–505.00 m, late Early Triassic, (ii)Murospora florida(501.65–422.20 m. Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian), and (iii)Cicatricosisporites australiensis(342.00–229.6 m. Early Cretaceous, Tithonian–Berriasian). The first occurrences ofCallialasporites turbatusandC. dampieriare at 501.65 m.Callialasporitesis a dominant element of the succeeding assemblages from the Panchet Formation and indicates a Jurassic age. The FAD ofCicatricosisporites australiensisandC. augustusat 342.00 m, and inconsistent occurrences ofAequitriradites spinulosus,Crybelosporites stylosusin the overlying sediments indicate Jurassic–Cretaceous transition.     

Confirmation of an Early Cretaceous age for the Qihulin Formation in eastern Heilongjiang Province, China: constraints from a new discovery of radiolarians

The coal-bearing, alternating marine and non-marine Longzhaogou Group in eastern Heilongjiang, northeastern China, has long been considered as Jurassic, or mainly Jurassic, in age. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the ammonites and dinoflagellate cysts are of Early Cretaceous age. This has now been confirmed by new radiolarian evidence. The radiolarian fauna recovered from the upper Qihulin Formation of the Longzhaogou Group consists of nine poorly preserved species referable to nine genera. Novixitus is a Cretaceous genus, and the specimens of Archaeodictyomitra sp. and Xitus sp. recovered resemble A. vulgaris Pessagno and X. spicularius (Aliev), respectively.     

黑龙江省东部中侏罗世至早白垩世沟鞭藻组合序列

对近二十年来黑龙江省东部海相侏罗纪—白垩纪沟鞭藻地层资料进行了综合研究 ,首次为该地区建立起侏罗纪—白垩纪沟鞭藻地层序列 ,主要包含 7个组合带 (含 3个高峰带 ) ,其中绥滨地区 Callovian— Valanginian期有 4个带 ;鸡西盆地早白垩世也有 4个带 (其中包括与绥滨地区早白垩世早期同时异相的一个 )。它们自下而上为 :1)绥滨组的 Pareodinia ceratophora- N annoceratopsispellucida组合带 ;　 2 )东荣组下部的 Gonyaulacysta jurassica组合带 (高峰带 ) ;　 3)东荣组上部的 Amphorula delicata组合带 ;　 4 )东荣组最上部的海相 Oligosphaeridium pul-cherrimum组合带 (高峰带 )或鸡西盆地滴道组的微咸水—半咸水的 Vesperopsis didaoensis- L agenorhytis granoru-gosa组合带 ,两者为同时异相关系 ;　 5 )城子河组下部海相层的 Odontochitina operculata- Muderongia tetracantha组合带 (该带可进一步划分出 2个亚组合带 ) ;　 6 )城子河组上部海相层的 Canningia reticulata组合带 ;　 7)穆棱组下段的 Cribroperidinium ?parorthoceras组合带 (高峰带 )。     

New Evidence for a Cretaceous Age for a Mesozoic Nonmarine Bivalve Assemblage from Paekto-dong, Sinuiju City, The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

The Sinuiju Formation in Paekto-dong, Sinuiju City in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has yielded Mesozoic nonmarine bivalve fossils, which is the first occurrence of such in the DPRK. Based on these fossil specimens, a new Cretaceous bivalve assemblage, the Arguniella yanshanensis-Sphaerium anderssoni Assemblage is erected. This assemblage includes Arguniella yanshanensis, A. lingyuanensis and Sphaerium anderssoni and can be compared with the Jehol Biota. The age of the Sinuiju Formation is also clarified and on the basis of the bivalves and the presence of a Eosestheria–Ephemeropsis–Lycoptera(E–E–L) assemblage, the formation is not Upper Jurassic, but Lower Cretaceous in age.     

新疆西部乌依塔克组的时代

通过对新发现于新疆塔里木盆地西部上白垩统乌依塔克组有孔虫化石的时代分析，认为该组的时限为晚上伦期—赛诺期，综合分析各类化石的时代特征，本区土伦阶和赛诺阶的界线应划在Ｍｉｇｒｏｓ－Ａｍｍｏｂａｃｕｌｉｔｅｓ组合和Ｐａｒａｒｏｔａｌｉａ－Ｎｏｎｉｏｎｅｌｌａ组合之间。     

Mesozoic “Red Beds” and its Evolution in the Hefei Basin

The Hefei Basin is the largest basin in the North China landmass with complete and well-preserved Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. In the basin there developed a suite of extremely thick “red beds” in the Mesozoic. Owing to complex evolution processes and a lack of paleontological traces, there have been controversies regarding the division and correlation of this suite of red beds. Based on results obtained in recent years in drilling, seismic and surface geological investigations and in consideration of relationships between seismic sequences and regional tectonic events, as well as evidence in paleontology, petrology and isotopic dating, this paper preliminarily puts forward the following ideas about the sequence stratigraphic framework of the continental “red beds” in the Hefei Basin. (1) The Zhougongshan Formation and the Yuantongshan Formation have similar lithologic, geophysical and paleontological characteristics, so we incorporate them into a single formation, called the Yuantongshan Formation, and the original Zhougongshan and Yuantongshan Formations are regarded as the upper and the lower parts of the newly defined Yuantongshan Formation. Its age is the Middle Jurassic; (2) the Zhuxiang Formation belongs to the Upper Jurassic Series and (3) the age of the Xiangdaopu Formation is the Lower Cretaceous. Furthermore, signatures of depositional evolution are analyzed in the paper based on features of seismic reflection, outcrops and drilling data. The Early and Middle Jurassic is characterized by a foreland basin, which is influenced mainly by uplift and longitudinal compression of the Dabieshan Mountains; the Lower Jurassic System has a relatively small depositional area; the Middle Jurassic strata are distributed extensively over the whole basin, marking the summit of basin development; a flexure basin is characteristic of the Late Jurassic, manifesting a joint effect of the Dabieshan and Zhangbaling Mountains with the former being more significant. In the Early Cretaceous, the Xiangdaopu Formation was distributed in the Daqiao depression, evidently affected by extension of the Tanlu fault; in the Late Cretaceous, the Hefei Basin was subjected to dismembering and the Zhangqiao Formation was distributed in the east-west direction along the downthrown side of the fault.     

Upper cretaceous (Santonian-Campanian) ammonite and inoceramid biostratigraphy of the Chico Formation,California

Outcrops of the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Campanian) Chico Formation, exposed along the east flank of California's northern Great Valley, have yielded a highly diverse, well-preserved molluscan fauna. Previously uncollected deposits, as well as classic localities, have been stratigraphically collected to determine the Santonian-Campanian succession of important ammonites and inoceramid bivalves.Five megafossil zones are readily identifed in outcrops of the Chico Formation. These are, in ascending stratigraphic order, the zones of Hyphantoceras venustum, Baculites capensis, Bostrychoceras elongatum, Inoceramus schmidti and Baculites chicoensis.Two of the zones, Bostrychoceras elongatum and I. schmidti, are missing at the type locality of the Chico Formation because of a stratigraphic disconformity. As a result, previous conceptions about the ranges of some important ammonites and inoceramids in California are in error.Lowest exposures of the H. venustum Zone in the Chico Formation are probably latestConiacian in age. Recent palaeomagnetic sampling of Cretaceous strata of the Great Valley (Ward et al., 1983) has confirmed that the Baculites chicoensis Zone is indicative of the lowest Campanian. The age of the I. schmidti Zone in California is therefore latest Santonian.This molluscan sequence enables precise correlation of Chico strata with other Upper Cretaceous outcrop in the Great Valley; in addition, lowermost deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group of British Columbia can now be firmly correlated with California strata.     

Upper Cretaceous depositional environments and bivalve assemblages of far-east Asia: the Himenoura Group, Kyushu, Japan

The depositional environments and bivalve assemblages are determined for the Upper Cretaceous Hinoshima Formation of the Himenoura Group, Kamishima, Amakusa Islands, Kyushu, Japan. The Hinoshima Formation is characterized by a thick transgressive succession that varies from incised-valley-fill deposits to submarine slope deposits with high aggradation rates of depositional systems. The incised valley is filled with fluvial, bayhead delta, brackish-water estuary, and marine embayment deposits, and is overlain by thick slope deposits.Shallow marine bivalves are grouped into five fossil assemblages according to species composition: Glycymeris amakusensis (foreset beds of a bayhead delta), Nippononectes tamurai (foreset beds of a bayhead delta), Ezonuculana mactraeformis–Nucula formosa (central bay), Glycymeris amakusensis–Apiotrigonia minor (slope), and Inoceramus higoensis–Parvamussium yubarensis (slope). These bivalve assemblages all represent autochthonous and parautochthonous conditions except for a Glycymeris amakusensis–Apiotrigonia minor assemblage found in debris flow and slump deposits. The life habitats of these bivalves and the compositions of the assemblages are discussed in terms of the ecological history of fossil bivalves of the mid- to Late Cretaceous.     

The Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous of eastern Heilongjiang, northeast China: stratigraphy and regional basin history

In eastern Heilongjiang, the Upper Jurassic is marine and restricted to the Suibin and Dong’an areas, where it is characterized faunally by Callovian–Volgian (Tithonian) bivalves and florally by dinoflagellates. The Lower Cretaceous is widely distributed in eastern Heilongjiang, and characterized faunally by Berriasian–Valanginian bivalves, Barremian–Albian ammonites and Aucellina, and florally by dinoflagellates. To the west, the marine facies grade into non-marine beds. Thus, in the east, for example in the Dong’an and Dajiashan areas, near the northwestern Palaeo-Pacific, the Lower Cretaceous is marine; westward, in the Yunshan, Longzhaogou, Peide, and Zhushan areas, marine and non-marine deposits alternate, whereas further west still, e.g. in the Jixi Basin, non-marine facies are intercalated with marine beds. This regional distribution is indicative of a large, shallow embayment opening eastwards to the Palaeo-Pacific; during the Early Cretaceous successive transgressive-regressive events influenced the climate and biota of eastern Heilongjiang and northeastern China. Many of the Lower Cretaceous sections contain abundant coals, demonstrating that in this region the Early Cretaceous was an important coal-forming period. Some non-marine bivalve species are common to the Lower Cretaceous Jixi Group of eastern Heilongjiang, the Jehol Group of western Liaoning and the Transbaikalian Group of Siberia, suggesting that these groups are of comparable Early Cretaceous age.     

中国东北中生代地层划分对比之新见

在总结近二十年来有关我国东北地区中生代地层研究诸多新发现与新进展的基础上 ,以生物化石为主要依据 ,以 "海相检验法”及国际性生物地层对比为标准 ,结合同位素年代地层学新资料 ,对东北地区中生代地层的划分及对比 ,提出了新的方案。文中还讨论了三叠系 -侏罗系界线、侏罗系 -白垩系界线及下白垩统 -上白垩统界线的划分以及辽西义县组的时代。同时 ,还首次报道了笔者等对黑龙江东部龙爪沟群研究的最新进展 ,并提出了对龙爪沟群时代及与鸡西群对比的新认识。     

北京地区的白垩系

<正> 北京地区的白垩系主要出露于西山坨里—大灰厂一带,层序清楚,化石丰富,为华北晚期中生代著名的陆相断陷沉积盆地之一(图1)。坨里—大灰厂白垩系沉积盆地位于华北地台燕山台褶带西山拗陷区之东南缘。盆地北、西缘为著名的八宝山—南大寨与黄庄     

准噶尔盆地石南地区侏罗系-白垩系间风化壳的发现及其地层学意义

本文综合利用测井、录井、钻井等多种井资料,对准噶尔盆地腹部石南地区引起争议的“杂色泥岩”的古生物群化石组合特征,粘土矿物特征,岩性、电性特征等进行了研究。通过孢粉组合的时代对比和粘土矿物分析,证明了“杂色泥岩”是一个区域风化壳,确定了白垩系与侏罗系的界线以及“杂色泥岩”的原始沉积时代,并且通过岩性、电性特征对该风化壳的结构进行了研究。研究表明：该风化壳平面上具有分带结构,垂向上具有分段结构,各段的测井响应特征明显;“杂色泥岩”的原始沉积属于侏罗系西山窑组,石南地区普遍缺失头屯河组;“杂色泥岩”上覆的白垩系清水河组为超覆,下伏的侏罗系西山窑组被削截。据此,对该地区白垩系与侏罗系（K／J）、侏罗系头屯河组与西山窑组（J2t／J2z）地层界线进行了重新划分,建立了新的分层方案。     

东海陆架盆地西南部中生代地层的发现

东海陆架盆地福州凹陷的中生代地层发育较全 ,分布较广泛 ,而且夹有滨海相地层 ,但曾解释为第三纪地层。根据岩性及孢粉 ( Cyathidites- K lukisporites- Dictyophyllidites,Classopollisannulatus- Schizaeoisporites- Exesipol-lenites tumulus)组合 ,介形类 ( Eucypris?sp.,Metacypris sp.)形态的分析对比 ,可与我国东部、尤其是浙闽等地的同年代地层相比拟。结合同位素绝对年龄测定数据、地震反射界面性质和倾角测井等项资料 ,自下而上建立福州组、渔山组和闽江组 ,依次划归下—中侏罗统 ,上侏罗统—下白垩统和上白垩统。     

安徽霍山—毛坦厂地区中生代地层层序的厘定

根据近年来详细填图和专题研究资料 ,对区内中生代地层层序进行了重新厘定 :三尖铺组、凤凰台组、毛坦厂组时代为晚侏罗世 ;响洪甸组、黑石渡组 (晓天组 )时代为早白垩世 ;戚家桥组为晚白垩世。为解决北淮阳东段北麓长期争论不休的红层层序问题 ,提供了充分的依据