加快勘查步伐 合理开发利用西北地下水资源——以塔里木盆地为例

加快勘查开发西北地下水资源,是促进西北地区经济发展和提高人民生活水平的一项战略性措施。地矿部和陕、甘、宁、青、新、蒙六省区,于1996年11月初在库尔勒市召开了西北地下水资源勘查开发座谈会,国务院邹家华副总理及各有关部门领导出席了会议。各省区到会代表交流了水资源开发利用的经验、教训和存在问题,讨论了“九五”西北地下水资源勘查、开发的方针、政策和西北地下水资源特别计划的总体设想。会前地矿部科技高级咨询中心组成考察小组,前往新疆塔里木盆地进行了为期三周的水资源考察,对合理开发利用塔里木盆地水资源,提出了多项重要意见与建议,对整个西北干旱区水资源的合理开发利用,均有参考意义,本刊特予刊出。     

加快西北地区地下水资源勘查开发利用的意见

西北地区地下水资源勘查开发座谈会于1996年11月4日在新疆召开,会议达成了七点共识。 这七个方面是: 一、水是西北地区经济和社会发展的最大制约因素,要把西北地区资源优势转化为经济优势,充足的水资源是必要条件.二、西北地区干旱缺水,合理开发利用地下水资源对西北地区具有十分重要的意义.三、要做好盆地、流域地表水和地下水的统筹规划和综合利用.四,要为特别缺水的地区积极寻找地下水,解决贫困地区的缺水问题.五、水资源的开发要走集约化的道     

西北地区水资源若干问题探讨

在对我国西北地区水资源及开发利用现状进行分析的基础上，针对如何认识西北地区的缺水问题，如何评价西北地区地下水资源的重要性，怎样看待深层地下水资源以及开采地下水可能引起的环境地质问题等，进行了较深入的分析论述，指出进一步查清西北地区地下水资源，尤其是中深层地下水资源，并加以科学、适度的开发和合理利用，是解决西北地区水资源短缺问题的重要途径之一。     

西北内陆盆地山前带典型地下水赋存模式探讨

文章根据西部严重缺水地区人畜饮用地下水勘查示范工程成果,对西北内陆盆地山前带地下水赋存机理与开发利用模式进行了总结探讨,提出了四种地下水赋存模式,为解决类似缺水地区居民生活用水问题,提供地下水勘查及开发利用的参考。     

黔西北地区地下水赋存规律及开发利用方向

黔西北地区地处乌蒙山区岩溶发育强烈,地下水系统小型多样、条件复杂,地下勘查找水及开发利用难度大。本文通过对三种不同岩溶流域类型区地下水赋存规律及岩溶发育的综合研究,提出了不同类型系统中勘查找水和开发利用的方向建议,对该类区中地下水资源勘查找水和开发利用工作有一定的指导意义。     

西北诸河区各省(区)地下水资源量评价及其分布特征

采用1980～2000年期间资料分析、计算了西北诸河区各省(区)地下水资源量,并结合降雨、水文地质条件及人类活动影响全面阐述了其分布特征,以期为西北诸河区水资源规划和开发利用提供依据,为西北地区社会经济发展服务.     

我国北方主要平原地下水潜力评价

通常用地下水开采系数反映地下水资源潜力,只考虑了地下水的持续开采,使地下水资源评价与开发利用相互脱节,不便于地下水资源的管理与利用。地下水潜力系数是综合了地下水可开采盈余量、咸水、微咸水可利用量以及在水资源利用过程中节水量等,对各平原（盆地）地下水潜力进行了评价。指出了不同地区地下水开发利用方向：西北内陆盆地突出要解决地表水、地下水的相互涵养保护和对生态环境保护的问题,应充分利用水资源相互转化和重复循环的规律,扩大地下水开采量,提高水资源的重复利用率。华北及东北地区应从水资源现状、环境和社会经济的特点出发,综合治理,开源节流,保护环境．合理调整开采方案,应加强浅层微咸水综合开发利用研究。     

郑州市地下水资源及解决供需矛盾对策

郑州市是河南省水资源最贫乏地区之一，人均水资源占有量不足全省平均数的一半，水成了制经济发展的重要因素，本文通过对郑州市地下水资源的开发利用现状调查，及对国民经济建设保证程度分析，针对地下水和地表水资源的分布状况，结合地下水的开发利用现状及存在问题，确定解决全市供需矛盾的主要对策为：调整产业结构，加强科学管理，合理开发利用地下水，区内调剂和外流域调水等。     

西咸新区沣河流域水资源时空分布特点及开发利用状况探析

为研究西咸新区沣河流域水资源问题,基于2017年基础统计数据,综合水资源调查评价相关成果,对区域水资源时空分布特点、开发利用潜力及存在问题进行分析,结果表明：区域水资源时空分布不均,年际变化大,年内分配不均,河道枯水流量较小,沣河含沙量较小。区域地表水开发利用条件不好,水资源总量不足,地下水资源条件相对较好,但开发利用程度较高,地下水开发利用潜力已经不大;水资源开发利用存在的主要问题是水资源总量不足、供水结构不合理,非常规水资源利用率低、水资源保护任务艰巨、地下水超采和城镇化带来的水资源供需矛盾突出。精准掌握区域水资源分布规律及开发利用状况对加强沣河水系水资源合理配置,制定西咸新区沣河流域水量调度方案能提供重要的科学理论依据。     

西北内陆盆地水循环特征分析

针对西北地区大开发所面临的水资源问题以及水资源开发所引起的环境问题,从大气水、地表水、地下水和生态水之间的转化关系为切入点,通过系统分析,揭示了西北内陆盆地水循环特征及水资源形成演化规律,在此基础上,提出了实现生态环境保护和水资源合理开发利用应遵循的基本原则.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with