新疆塔里木地台晚古生代古地磁极移曲线及其地质构造含义

用热退磁辅以交变退磁方法对采自塔里木盆地阿克苏地区四石厂剖面47个采样点518块标本进行了逐步磁清洗和测试。由本征剩磁方向统计得到塔里木地台晚古生代的古地磁极位置(晚泥盆世φ=10.5°S、λ=151.2°E;晚石炭世φ=52.2°N、λ=179.5°E;早二叠世φ=56.5°N,λ=190.1°E)。古地磁结果表明:塔里木地台在晚古生代是北方大陆的块体之一。从晚石炭世至早二叠世塔里木地台已和北方的哈萨克斯坦板块、西伯利亚地台、俄罗斯地台等连成一片,并且从中生代以来它们之间的相对位置没有发生过大规模的变动     

中国主要地块显生宙古地磁视极移曲线与地块运动

基于华北、扬子和塔里木三大地块最新古地磁结果,并重新审视已有的古地磁数据,绘制了三大地块显生宙以来的古地磁视极移曲线.以此为基础,推算了各地块古纬度和取向的变化特征.进而分析了三大地块及其周边地块的运动学特征及相互间的对接和缝合过程.早古生代,华北、扬子、塔里木地块都位于南半球中低纬度地区.华北地块在动力学上是独立的,其运动特征以平移为主,旋转运动为辅;扬子和塔里木地块与冈瓦纳大陆关系密切,塔里木地块很可能在晚奥陶世远离冈瓦纳大陆,在二叠纪与西伯利亚板块对接;我国华北和蒙古联合地块与西伯利亚板块的对接则是在晚保罗世完成的 扬子与华北地块的对接过程是先东后西,东部的对接发生在晚二叠世,对接时结合带位于北纬6°～8°.晚三叠世两地块在西部门合时,结合带位于北纬25°左右.两地块在西部对接的同时,在东部产生了应力释放,使最初俯冲到上地慢的部分陆壳物质被推挤上升,与苏鲁-大别地区的超高压变质岩形成的时代相同.从晚二叠世到早中侏罗世华北与扬子地块以东部为支点经历了大规模的相对旋转.晚侏罗世三大地块在动力学意义上已成为整体.在中国拉萨地块和印度次大陆与中国大陆对接缝合产生的力矩作用下.晚保罗世以来三大地块统一显示了约为20°的顺时针旋转运动.     

鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代以来古地磁研究

在鄂尔多斯盆地的韩城、铜川等7条剖面144个采样点上,采集了下二叠统至下白垩统的样品约1500个.分别在中国、英国、法国的4个古地磁实验室中进行测试和实验研究.样品均经系统热退磁或交变退磁处理.数据经主向量分析、部分线性谱分析,以分离剩磁成分和选取特征剩磁方向.全部特征剩磁方向通过了倒转检验,晚二叠世和早、中三叠世的结果还通过了广义褶皱检验.并做了大量磁化率、等湿剩磁、薄片岩矿鉴定和少量居里温度测定的实验研究. 所得数据以世（统）为单位计算了古地磁极位置和采样地区古纬度,绘制了鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代以来视极移曲线和地块古方位变化图,提出了华北地块运动模式,并通过与现有的华南地块资料的综合对比分析,提出华北地块与华南地块的碰撞在东部始于晚三叠世之前,全部拼合完成于中侏罗世末.     

河西走廊和阿拉善东缘地区中寒武世古地磁研究的初步结果

用可西走廊和阿拉善地体东缘中寒武世15个采点107块定向岩芯样品,进行岩石磁学实验和古地磁学研究,结果表明,所采样品以磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物,高温特征分量B4组分在95%置信水平下通过了褶皱检验,其构造校正后的方向明显区别于华北地块及河西走廊和阿拉善地区志留纪以来的特征剩磁方向.这一组分对应的古地磁极位置(349.9°E,21.1°N,95%置信圆锥半顶角A95为14.9°)与华北地块同时期的极位置相近,表明河西走廊和阿拉善地体与华北地块主体之间,在中寒武世之后未发生明显的纬向相对运动;但在中寒武世-奥陶纪期间,河西走廊和阿拉善地体相对于华北地块主体仍可能发生15°左右的逆时针旋转.这一旋转作用可能代表了河西走廊和阿拉善地体与华北地块主体的增生过程,最终在晚寒武世形成统一的华北地块.     

中亚造山带东南缘二叠纪-三叠纪花岗质岩浆演化对增生-碰撞过程的制约

全球许多造山带都不同程度地经历了增生和碰撞造山阶段,作为全球最大的显生宙增生型造山带,中亚造山带是如何从俯冲增生演化到碰撞拼合是一个值得探究的问题.文章报道了位于中亚造山带东南缘内蒙古中部地区二叠纪-三叠纪花岗岩新的锆石U-Pb年龄(266～235Ma)、地球化学和同位素数据,并系统梳理了区域内已有资料,从岩浆性质随时间演化的角度,厘定出该地区从早二叠世俯冲到晚二叠世(软)碰撞的构造-岩浆演化特征.从早二叠世到晚二叠世,花岗岩类全岩ε_(Nd)(t)值和锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值逐渐从正值演化到出现负值(ε_(Nd)(t)值:2.4～-19.5;ε_(Hf)(t)值:11.6～-33.7),表明从增生演化到碰撞阶段,岩浆源区的古老陆壳组分逐渐增多.结合区域资料,进一步确认了中亚造山带演化到晚期发生(软)碰撞的岩浆标志为仅沿索伦-西拉木伦缝合带零星线性展布的增厚下地壳来源的中-晚二叠世至中三叠世高Sr/Y花岗岩类.同时,沿索伦-西拉木伦缝合带自西向东,增生-碰撞转换时期的花岗质岩浆活动的峰期年龄分别为约264和251Ma,也反映了古亚洲洋自西向东"剪刀"状闭合的过程.综合前人研究,将中亚造山带东南缘二叠纪至三叠纪从增生到碰撞的岩浆-构造演化过程总结为三个阶段.(1)早二叠世(约285Ma前):古亚洲洋双向俯冲,新生弧岩浆作用发育阶段;(2)中二叠世到中三叠世(约285～235Ma):俯冲增生到碰撞拼合的构造-岩浆转换阶段,由于造山带挤压汇聚导致板片断离而引发岩浆物源从年轻地壳向古老地壳转变;(3)晚三叠世(约235Ma后),后造山伸展相关的A型花岗岩和碱性岩浆作用发育阶段.     

关于中新世日本海张开的简要评述——根据日本岛弧古地磁证据

自1980年初以来,在日本岛弧地区加强了对晚第三纪火山岩与沉积岩的古地磁研究。我们在此对日本东北部及日本西南部的古地磁工作进行评述,这些工作推断出在21Ma到11Ma期间日本东北弧绕垂直轴逆时针旋转了47°,而日本西南弧顺时针旋转了56°。两弧旋转过程给出日本海张开的时期和方式的合理估计。     

石炭纪末古地理图

过去发表的石炭纪古地理重建图存在着不少问题,特别是对亚洲各板块位置的认识上。例如,过去的重建图中华北和华南在石炭纪末都处于北半球40°—50°纬度带,但是,地层古生物资料清楚地表明,它们当时处于热带和亚热带环境。这是因为在编制上述古地理图时(70年代末和80年代初),华南和华北等东亚和东南亚地块还没有可靠的古地磁数据,因而这一地区的地块的位置是由距它们最近的西伯利亚地台的地极位置推算出来的。但是,由于这些地块和西伯利亚地台自石炭纪以来曾发生过相对运动,因此,上述作法是不合理的     

晚古生代以来古亚洲洋构造域主要块体运动学特征初探

基于近年来的古亚洲洋两侧地质和古地磁资料 ,总结华北块体和西伯利亚板块拼合焊接的时间和位置 ,对兴蒙造山带晚古生代以来大地构造演化历史进行简要阐述 ,探讨了华北块体与西伯利亚板块的运动学特征 .早侏罗世 ,西伯利亚板块北向漂移达到高潮 ,转为南向漂移 .受其影响 ,早侏罗世期间华北块体也表现为相应的南向位移 ,但由于块体间造山带的应力消减 ,使得南向位移量产生差异 .早侏罗世以后 ,由于库拉板块的斜向俯冲 ,使得华北块体转为北向漂移 ,并产生 10°左右的逆时针旋转和形成中国东北巨大的弧形构造体系 .     

羌北地块晚石炭-早二叠世古地磁结果及构造意义

本文报道唐古拉山北坡开心岭地区的晚石炭-早二叠世地层的古地磁学研究结果.岩石磁学实验研究表明扎日根组灰岩样品中的磁性矿物以磁铁矿为主,诺日巴尕日保组砂岩样品中的磁性矿物以赤铁矿为主或磁铁矿与赤铁矿共存.采用系统热退磁方法对样品进行磁清洗,大部分样品的退磁曲线呈双分量特征,高温分量明显.高温特征分量成功通过了砾石可靠性检验,代表了地层岩石的原生剩磁信息.获得羌北地块晚石炭-早二叠世地层(16个采点127块样品)的原生剩磁分量的平均方向为Ds=30.2°,Is=-40.9°,ks=269.0,a95=2.3°;其对应的古地磁极位置为λ=25.7°N,φ=241.5°E,dp/dm=2.8/1.7,相应的古纬度为23.4°S.表明晚石炭-早二叠世时期羌北地块位于南纬低纬度地区,可能属于冈瓦纳大陆的北缘.结合前人古地磁学研究结果,该地块在其后快速北移,可能与早二叠世-晚三叠世古特提斯洋快速消亡以及新特提斯洋北支班公湖-怒江洋快速扩张相关.     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组的划分、时代及中-上三叠统界线

广泛发育于鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区的延长组是我国最重要的陆相三叠纪地层之一,也是鄂尔多斯盆地的主力含油气层系之一,其时代意见对相关的地质研究和油气勘探均有重要意义.长期以来,延长组的时代被归于晚三叠世,视为中国北方陆相上三叠统的典型代表,尽管在20世纪中后期已有学者提出延长组的下部应为中三叠统.在以往资料的基础上,依据新发现的古生物化石以及新获得的长7中下部凝灰岩锆高精度测年结果,认为延长组的中下部(相当于长7及以下地层)的时代为中三叠世拉丁期,底部不能排除属于安尼期晚期的可能性;主力烃源岩长7油页岩、泥岩的时代为中三叠世拉丁期;延长组的上部,即长6及以上地层的时代属于晚三叠世,在鄂尔多斯盆地的主体部分普遍缺失晚三叠世晚期地层;中/上三叠统的界线位于延长组的内部,大致与长7和长6之间的界线相当;中三叠世拉丁期是鄂尔多斯盆地古环境的重要转折时期,古环境的转变与秦岭的主构造活动期以及四川盆地的重大环境转折期基本等时,说明上述构造活动和环境的重大转变可能是相互关联的,是处于拉丁期同一大地构造背景之下,构造运动作用的结果.     

Paleomagnetic constraints on the tectonic history of the major blocks of China duing the Phanerozoic

Paleomagnetic study of China and its constraints on Asia tectonics has been a hot spot. Some new paleomagnetic data from three major blocks of China. North China Block (NCB), Yangtze Block (YZB) and Tarim Block (TRM) are first reported, and then available published Phanerozoic paleomagnetic poles from these blocks with the goal of placing constraints on the drift history and paleocontinental reconstruction are critically reviewed. It was found that all three major blocks were located at the mid-low latitude in the Southern Hemisphere during the Early Paleozoic. The NCB was probably independent in terms of dynamics. its drift history was dominant by latitudinal placement accompanying rotation in the Early Paleozoic. The YZB was close to Gondwanaland in Cambrian, and separated from Gondwanaland during the Late-Middle Ordovician. The TRM was part of Gondwanaland, and might be close to the YZB and Australia in the Early Paleozoic. Paleomagnetic data show that the TRM was separated from Gondwanaland during the Late-Middle Ordovician, and then drifted northward. The TRM was sutured to Siberia and Kazakstan blocks during the Permian, however, the composite Mongolia-NCB block did not collide with Siberia till Late Jurassic. During Late Permian to Late Triassic, the NCB and YZB were characterized by northern latitudinal placement and rotation on the pivot in the Dabie area. The NCB and YZB collided first in the eastern part where they were located at northern latitude of about 6°—8°, and a triangular oceanic basin remained in the Late Permian. The suturing zone was located at northern latitude of 25° where the two blocks collided at the western part in the Late Triassic. The collision between the two blocks propagated westward after the YZB rotated about 70° relative to the NCB during the Late Permian to Middle Jurassic. Then two blocks were northward drifting (about 5°) together with relative rotating and crust shortening. It was such scissors-like collision procedure that produced intensive compression in the eastern part of suturing zone between the NCB and YZB, in which continental crust subducted into the upper mantle in the Late Permian, and then the ultrahigh-pressure rocks extruded in the Late Triassic. Paleomagnetic data also indicate that three major blocks have been together clockwise rotating about 20° relative to present-day rotation axis since the Late Jurassic. It was proposed that Lahsa Block and India subcontinent successively northward subducted and collided with Eurasia or collision between Pacific/Philippines plates and Eurasia might be responsible for this clockwise rotating of Chinese continent.     

The new Permian–Triassic paleomagnetic pole for the East European Platform corrected for inclination shallowing

The results of detailed paleomagnetic studies in seven Upper Permian and Lower Triassic reference sections of East Europe (Middle Volga and Orenburg region) and Central Germany are presented. For each section, the coefficient of inclination shallowing f (King, 1955) is estimated by the Elongation–Inclination (E–I) method (Tauxe and Kent, 2004) and is found to vary from 0.4 to 0.9. The paleomagnetic directions, corrected for the inclination shallowing, are used to calculate the new Late Permian–Early Triassic paleomagnetic pole for the East European Platform (N = 7, PLat = 52.1°, PLong = 155.8°, A95 = 6.6°). Based on this pole, the geocentric axial dipole hypothesis close to the Paleozoic/Mesozoic boundary is tested by the single plate method. The absence of the statistically significant distinction between the obtained pole and the average Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) paleomagnetic pole of the Siberian Platform and the coeval pole of the North American Platform corrected for the opening of the Atlantic (Shatsillo et al., 2006) is interpreted by us as evidence that ~250 Ma the configuration of the magnetic field of the Earth was predominantly dipolar; i.e., the contribution of nondipole components was at most 10% of the main magnetic field. In our opinion, the hypothesis of the nondipolity of the geomagnetic field at the P–Tr boundary, which has been repeatedly discussed in recent decades (Van der Voo and Torsvik, 2001; Bazhenov and Shatsillo, 2010; Veselovskiy and Pavlov, 2006), resulted from disregarding the effect of inclination shallowing in the paleomagnetic determinations from sedimentary rocks of “stable” Europe (the East European platform and West European plate).     

Paleomagnetism and potassium-argon age of the Messejana dike (Portugal and Spain): angular limitation to the rotation of the Iberian Peninsula since the Middle Jurassic

A paleomagnetic and potassium-argon dating investigation has been carried out on a 530-km-long dike system which transects the western Iberian Peninsula in a northeasterly direction. The K-Ar age determinations were made on mineral separates exclusively. They range between 160 and 200 Ma and the authors suppose that this reflects the actual time interval of the intrusion, in accord with previous results. The paleomagnetic pole derived from 12 sites regularly distributed along the dike (71°N, 236°E) coincides well with other Mesozoic paleomagnetic poles from the western Africa. A contemporaneous pole from stable Europe is tentatively deduced from African and North American Late Triassic/Early Jurassic poles using different reconstruction models around the North Atlantic Ocean. The divergence between this pole and the Iberian pole corresponds to the result obtained for Permian poles.     

A paleomagnetic study of certain Mesozoic formations in northern Mexico

Rocks of Late Cretaceous, Early Jurassic and Late Triassic age, collected in northern Mexico yield the following pole positions: 169.3°E57.9°N (Cretaceous), 70.7°E76.0°N (?Jurassic) and 119.2°E76.4°N (?Late Triassic). The Triassic and Cretaceous poles are not significantly different from those class-A poles (Hicken et al., 1972) of the North American craton. It is therefore suggested that the North American craton may be traced south as far as 23°N and inferentially a further four degrees (to the Mexican volcanic belt).The results from the La Boca Formation are interpreted as indicating a much greater age (Late Precambrian-Early (Paleozoic) than is currently assigned to that formation.     

羌北地块中-晚侏罗世雁石坪群古地磁新结果

本文报道青藏高原羌北地区中-晚侏罗世雁石坪群古地磁新结果.对采自青海省格尔木市唐古拉山乡雁石坪剖面(33.6°N, 92.1°E)11个灰岩采点(118块)和10个碎屑岩采点(99块)定向样品系统古地磁学研究表明,大部分样品的退磁曲线具有双分量特征.低温分量方向在地理坐标系下较为集中,应该为地层褶皱之后的黏滞剩磁.高温特征剩磁分量方向可分为两类:(1)索瓦组(J₃s)和布曲组(J₂b)灰岩,以磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物,高温特征剩磁分量(D_s=355.7°,I_s=42.1°,k=58.2,α₉₅=6°)可通过99%置信度的褶皱检验.(2)雪山组(J₂x)和雀莫错组(J₂q)碎屑岩,以赤铁矿、磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物,高温特征剩磁分量(D_s=3.3°,I_s=28.9°,k=30.7,α₉₅=8.9°)可通过95%置信度的倒转检验和99%置信度的褶皱检验.两组分量都应该是岩石形成时的原生剩磁信息.碎屑岩组的磁倾角比灰岩组偏低13°左右,其剩磁方向很可能存在着与压实作用相关的剩磁倾角变浅的状况.本文取灰岩组平均磁化方向作为雁石坪群的原生剩磁分量,获得羌北地区雁石坪群古磁极位置:80.0°N,295.2°E(dp/dm=7.4/4.5).古地磁结果表明,羌北-昌都地区晚石炭-晚二叠世期间位于南纬中低纬度地区,早三叠世以后开始大规模北向漂移,至中-晚侏罗世已到达24.3°N.其快速北向运动主要发生在早三叠至早侏罗世期间(3500 km左右),与现今位置相比中晚侏罗世之后的北向迁移总量为900 km左右.     

Paleomagnetism of Permian rocks of the Subpolar Urals,Kozhim River: To the history of evolution of the thrust structures in the Subpolar Urals

The collections of Permian rocks from sections of the Kozhim River (Asselian, Kungurian, and Ufimian stages) and the Kama River (Ufimian and Kazanian stages) are studied. The paleomagnetic directions determined on the studied structures closely agree with the existing data for the Subpolar Urals and Russian Platform (RP). In the Middle Permian red clays of the Kama River region, the paleomagnetic pole N/n = 28/51, Φ = 47° N, Λ = 168° E, dp = 3°, and dm = 5° is obtained. The analysis of the existing paleomagnetic determinations for the Early and Middle Permian of the Russian and Siberian platforms and Kazakhstan blocks (KBs) is carried out. For the Subpolar Ural sections, the estimates are obtained for the local rotations during the collision of the Uralian structures with the Russian and Siberian platforms and KBs. The amplitudes of the horizontal displacements of the studied structures are, on average, 170 ± 15 km per Middle Permian. The scenario describing the evolution of the horizontal rotations of the structures of Subpolar Urals is suggested.     

Preliminary paleomagnetic results on some Triassic rocks from East Greenland

Paleomagnetic measurements have been carried out on six samples of Early Triassic age and five samples of Middle Triassic age from East Greenland. The mean stable remanent magnetization directions obtained after alternating-field demagnetization tests give the virtual geomagnetic pole positions as: (1) 49°N, 158°E for the Middle Triassic and (2) 34° 30′N, 176°W for the Early Triassic. The Greenland Triassic paleomagnetic results have been compared with those for Europe and North America. It is inferred from this comparison that these preliminary results for Greenland do not conform with the requirements of a reconstruction based on a geometrical fit of the three landmasses.     

塔里木地块侏罗、白垩纪的古地磁

本文对塔里木地块西北缘库车、拜城一带中新生代剖面进行了古地磁研究。库车与拜城两剖面具有不同方向产状,经产状校正之后,均为同一方向,表明磁性是在第三系褶皱之前获得的。热退磁结果表明500℃之前为现代地磁场方向,解阻温度为675℃,说明磁性载体为赤铁矿。 古地磁结果表明,塔里木地块在晚侏罗—晚白垩世之间没有经历大规模的构造运动。有可能自晚白垩世之后相对西伯利亚地块向北东方向移动过