遥感技术在马里塞古地区选定供水井施工井位的应用

1988年, 我国地矿部中地公司打井队接受了一项在马里塞古地区6万km²范围内施工150眼供水井的任务。我们利用航空像片进行永文地质解译(部份配合物探测量),进而确定井位的方法, 共定井位230处, 施工165眼井, 成井150眼, 成并率达91.5%.过去本区曾多次施工过供水井, 成并率均较低。如法国打井队曾在本区打井几百眼, 成井率仅70%;1986-1987年我国一打井队在本区及临近省区打过400余眼井, 成井率也不到80%.与我们打井同时, 中水公司在上沃尔特承包的打井任务, 成井率尚不足70%。     

图片新闻

对广西壮族自治区贵港市覃塘区保和村和兴屯的村民们而言,6月5日是一个难忘的日子。这一天,地质队在村里打出一口出水量达20吨／小时的水井。乡亲们欢聚在水井旁,向广西第六地质队的队员表示感谢。和兴屯地处灰岩山区,严重干旱缺水,地质队打出的这口水井解决了当地2000多人的饮水难题。     

利用GRACE反演陕甘晋高原地下水储量变化

采用GRACE时变重力场模型和GLDAS水文模型反演了陕甘晋高原地下水储量的时空变化,并与TRMM降雨资料及实测水井数据进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：在时间域上,整个区域的地下水在2005-2014年大约以3.6±0.7 mm/a的速率递减;在空间域上,整个区域自西向东10年内的递减速率依次增大,其中山西中部地区最大。与TRMM降雨资料的对比发现,降雨与地下水储量变化强相关,但不是引起地下水储量减少的原因。与水井实测数据对比发现,除特殊情况外,本文反演得到的结果与水井水位变化趋势基本一致。     

利用GRACE反演昆士兰州地下水储量变化

昆士兰州作为澳大利亚的第二大州,开展针对该地区地下水储量变化的监测与分析对当地生态环境与用水管理政策制定具有重要现实意义. 利用德克萨斯大学空间研究中心(CSR)发布的重力反演与气候实验卫星(GRACE)时变重力场模型与全球陆地数据同化系统(GLDAS)地表同化模型,对昆士兰州地下水储量时空变化进行监测分析,并与实测水井数据和全球降水气候学项目(GPCP)降雨资料进行验证分析. 研究结果表明:时间上昆士兰州地下水在2003—2015年约以1.3±0.09 cm/a的速率递增,空间上呈现东增西减的显著空间差异;与GPCP降雨资料对比发现,降雨是影响地下水储量变化的主要因素;与水井实测数据对比发现地下反演结果与水井水位变化趋势基本一致.      

大庆水务工程测量信息平台的开发研究

应用现代计算机网络技术、数据库技术结合先进的地理信息技术,进行大庆水务工程测量信息平台的开发研究,建立了科学管理大庆油田水井、供水管网、渠道等信息的决策支持系统,使大庆油田的水资源利用、环境保护等工作得到了有力的决策支持。     

井下实时摄像系统耐压强度设计

井下实时摄像系统是用于油油注水井的检测仪器,该设备一般要在井下深达１５００～４０００ｍ的深度下工作,其工作环境处于高温高压之下,针对系统耐压强度进行了设计,该系统已顺利通过油田的现场实验。     

睡镰

村头的老柳树枝叶婆娑，一望无垠的麦浪透露着金黄色的畅想。难忘是故乡，连记忆都清沏见底，捧着轧水井里的清波一望，满手满手的星，满手满手的月。不，那一弯不是月，是银镰，是乡村人收割希望的银镰。     

基于GIS的油田井位自动成图系统研究

针对油田生产中油水井数据的特点和管理需求,设计并开发了油田井位自动成图系统:基于Oracle9i与ArcSDE9.0创建空间数据库;基于ASP.NET技术开发浏览器端更新与维护属性数据;基于C与MapObjects2.3开发客户端实现成图及应用功能;对自动成图原理、远程数据访问、图属互查等功能提供了实现方法。     

透视格网地图

格网的观念历史悠久。它的发明可以追溯N3000年前农牧社会的原始部落。当时中国推行“井田”制度，将土地划分为九个方块，其中央部分为公田，收获缴纳归公。原始的交换，则在聚居的村落中心、的水井附近进行，这一公共场所则演变称之为“市井”。     

基于GIS的煤矿区农用机井依赖度的计算与分析

中国北方水资源日益紧缺,作为重要的农田水利基础设施,农用机井对灌溉农业发展的作用越来越大。本文通过对南屯煤矿区机井作用的研究,定量分析各种土地利用类型受机井的影响程度,提出了机井依赖度的概念和计算方法。根据研究区各种土地利用类型对机井的依赖度和机井缓冲区的影响范围,对本区机井的建设和布局提出了建设性的意见,对其他区域的机井建设也有参考价值。     

区域土地灌溉环境评价与决策分析

国土资源是人们赖以生存和发展的物质基础,土地灌溉环境作为国土资源调查的重要内容,其关键基础设施机井的空间配置对于农业生产具有重要的现实意义。本文以北京市通州区永乐店镇为研究区,基于国土资源调查的多源空间数据,提出了一种对现有土地灌溉环境进行定量评价和优化决策的方法。结果表明,研究区既有机井配置有待进一步改进,优化方案给出的183口新增机井合理分配在优化单元内,能够满足当地农民的土地灌溉需求,同时为土地灌溉环境中机井的更新配置提供了依据。     

Application of GIS-based data-driven models for groundwater potential mapping in Kuhdasht region of Iran

Water shortage and population growth in Iran rapidly diminish groundwater supplies. Thus, finding the techniques such as GIS that can be used as powerful tools in groundwater management, and predicting groundwater potential is required. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the statistical index (SI), frequency ratio (FR) weights of evidence (WoE) and evidential belief function (EBF) models for groundwater potential mapping at Kuhdasht region, Lorestan province, Iran. For this purpose, 12 groundwater influencing factors were considered in this investigation. From 171 available wells in the study area, 114 wells (67%) and 57 wells (33%) were used based on random selection in SI, FR, WoE and EBF models as training and validation data-sets, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for SI, FR, WoE and EBF models was calculated as 91.8, 91, 93.6 and 93.3%, respectively. These curve values indicated that all four models have reasonably good accuracy in spatially predicting groundwater potential in this area.     

Geothopica and the interactive analysis and visualization of the updated Italian National Geothermal Database

The Italian National Geothermal Database (BDNG), is the largest collection of Italian Geothermal data and was set up in the 1980s. It has since been updated both in terms of content and management tools: information on deep wells and thermal springs (with temperature > 30 °C) are currently organized and stored in a PostgreSQL relational database management system, which guarantees high performance, data security and easy access through different client applications. The BDNG is the core of the Geothopica web site, whose webGIS tool allows different types of user to access geothermal data, to visualize multiple types of datasets, and to perform integrated analyses. The webGIS tool has been recently improved by two specially designed, programmed and implemented visualization tools to display data on well lithology and underground temperatures.This paper describes the contents of the database and its software and data update, as well as the webGIS tool including the new tools for data lithology and temperature visualization. The geoinformation organized in the database and accessible through Geothopica is of use not only for geothermal purposes, but also for any kind of georesource and CO₂ storage project requiring the organization of, and access to, deep underground data. Geothopica also supports project developers, researchers, and decision makers in the assessment, management and sustainable deployment of georesources.     

具有孔洞的地下电缆工井模型拓扑重构研究

城市地下电缆工井是发挥城市功能和确保城市快速协调发展的重要基础设施,但地下管线结构复杂、信息量大,对其进行三维显示、管理与分析具有一定的难度。激光雷达技术出现后,因其快速、不接触、高密度、高精度等特征,被逐步应用于建筑物逆向重建,基于激光雷达点云数据的地下电缆工井三维重建也逐渐成为主流方法。提出了一种针对具有孔洞的地下工井的三维模型拓扑重构算法,以地下工井三维激光点云为数据源,建立具有孔洞的地下工井三维模型,可解决直接采用点云进行构网时模型不完整及速度较慢的问题。三维模型的构建采用与常用的管线化地下管网结构不同的CSG-BREP（constructive solid geometry-boundaryrepresentation）拓扑模型结构,整体上将工井分为墙面、电缆、井筒等,此模型可更加细致地表达地下电缆工井模型的内部拓扑结构。实验证明,该算法可以对多种类型的墙壁进行拓扑重构,在表达模型拓扑关系时突破了传统管网中单一的管孔与管线的点线关系及管线间的线线关系,增加管孔与墙壁的点面关系以及管线与墙壁的线面关系,更加细致准确地对模型进行描述。     

Sustainable fresh water resources management in northern Kuwait—A remote sensing view from Raudatain basin

The paper presents time and cost effective remote sensing technology to estimate recharge potential of fresh water shallow aquifers for their sustainable management of water resources in arid ecosystem. Precipitation measurement of Raudatain basin in Kuwait from TRMM data has been made and integrated with geological, geomorphological and hyrological data, to estimate the recharge potential of this basin. The total precipitation in the basin is estimated at 334 MCM for the year 2003. The initial losses are estimated at 78.43% and the transmission loss at 14.866% of the net precipitation.For sustainable management of the ground water resources, recharge wells have been proposed in the higher order streams to augment the Raudatain aquifer in Kuwait. If the available quantity of precipitation can be successfully utilized, it will reduce considerable pressure on desalination, which leads to increased salinity at the coast in Arabian Gulf.     

遥感图像线性体统计数据在塔里木盆地北部油气勘探中的应用及效果

利用遥感图像的线性体统计数据进行塔北地区油气勘查十分有效。该区遥感图像上线性体主要以北东向、北西向及近东西向为主,与区域构造线一致。线性体密度异常与局部含油气圈闭空间分布上具有很好的一致性,线性体密度异常区与已知油气田和工业油气井的吻合程度为62.5%.本文主要介绍；①通过线性体统计分析所获得的塔北地区区域构造信息,②通过线性体数据处理获得的线性体密度异常的分布特征和类型；③线性体统计分析在油气勘探方面的应用前景。     

Delineation of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing and GIS-based data-driven models

The rapid increase in human population has increased the groundwater resources demand for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes. The main purpose of this study is to produce groundwater potential map (GPM) using weights-of-evidence (WOE) and evidential belief function (EBF) models based on geographic information system in the Azna Plain, Lorestan Province, Iran. A total number of 370 groundwater wells with discharge more than 10 m³s^?1were considered and out of them, 256 (70%) were randomly selected for training purpose, while the remaining114 (30%) were used for validating the model. In next step, the effective factors on the groundwater potential such as altitude, slope aspect, slope angle, curvature, distance from rivers, drainage density, topographic wetness index, fault distance, fault density, lithology and land use were derived from the spatial geodatabases. Subsequently, the GPM was produced using WOE and EBF models. Finally, the validation of the GPMs was carried out using areas under the ROC curve (AUC). Results showed that the GPM prepared using WOE model has the success rate of 73.62%. Similarly, the AUC plot showed 76.21% prediction accuracy for the EBF model which means both the models performed fairly good predication accuracy. The GPMs are useful sources for planners and engineers in water resource management, land use planning and hazard mitigation purpose.     

A New GIScience Application for Visualized Natural Resources Management and Decision Support

This article presents two decision support plug‐ins in free GIS software: ArcGIS Explorer Desktop. The ubiquitous WebGIS Analysis Toolkit for Extensive Resources (uWATER) focuses on providing GIS analysis functions: spatial and attribute queries in the public services tool for users with limited access to commercial GIS software. The interface of uWATER is general enough to support decision‐making in numerous management issues in natural resources, economics and agriculture. The uWATER‐Pumping Assessment (uWATER‐PA) toolkit, on the other hand, is an extended package targeting the specific environmental issue of groundwater pumping impacts. The uWATER‐PA package is an excellent alternative to evaluating complex groundwater pumping assessment issues before investing significant time, labor, and funds in monitoring and detailed scientific study. It incorporates simulation of the physics of groundwater flow and user interaction into GIS software. A graphical user interface makes both data entry and interpretation of results intuitive to non‐technical individuals. Results are presented as colored drawdown maps and can be saved in GIS format for future dissemination. The impact of drawdown on existing wells can be characterized and mapped, through the use of uWATER's spatial query capabilities and the drawdown maps generated by uWATER‐PA.