沙漠陨石

笔者介绍对非洲撒哈拉沙漠陨石和澳大利亚纳拉伯沙漠陨石的野外考察工作以及对沙漠陨石的研究概况，期望以此促进在我国开发沙漠陨石的寻找和研究工作。     

沙漠地下水资源的估算

一、估算的意义地下水资源是水资源的重要组成部分。为了正确评价和实际应用,结合地下水形成的自然条件,划分了平原区、山丘区、沙漠区和内陆盆地区等四个“评价类型区”。在这些类型中,沙漠区由于资料短缺,成了棘手问题,所以《地下水资源调查和评价工作提纲》规定,“沙漠区一般按无浅层淡水处理”。这实际上使沙漠区成了地下水资源评价的空白区。     

中国科学院沙坡头沙漠试验研究站基金课题申请指南

沙坡头沙漠试验研究站是中国科学院沙漠科学研究领域面向国内外开放的试验研究站。本站主要从事应用基础研究和应用研究中的基础性工作;长期系统的积累观测资料;开展试验示范与成果推广。本站以沙漠的运动规律,生态系统,综合治理与开发利用为研究方向。     

地下水与沙漠戈壁的改造

解放十年以来,我国水文地质事业取得了巨大成就,特別是在內蒙、甘肃、青海、新疆等干旱地区,进行了許多工作,从而初步掌握了我国干旱地区水文地质条件的一般規律。近年来上述地区已先后发現許多重要地下資源,但广大沙漠的分布严重的影响着工农业的发展,因此如何治理沙漠、改变沙漠地区的自然面貌,已成为当前一項迫切任务。     

都日木断陷地面伽玛能谱测量成效分析

都日木断陷是二连盆地中一个中新生代单断型凹陷 ,其地表景观为腾格尔沙漠的一部分。根据其地面伽玛能谱测量结果 ,结合地质、地震等资料 ,指出了该断陷具有良好的含油气远景。指出了该区下一步勘探工作方向 ,同时积累了沙漠区进行伽玛能谱测量工作经验。     

中国沙漠形成演化与气候变化研究

沙漠形成演化与气候变化是沙漠科学的基本理论问题,亦是当前第四纪环境地质学研究的前沿领域。开展该项研究,对揭示沙漠的发生、发展规律,使人类正确认识沙漠及改造利用沙漠有着重要的科学意义和社会意义。中国沙漠形成演化与气候变化研究从沙漠是干旱气候条件下风力分...     

西南区白垩-第三纪沙漠及沙漠沉积学问题 第二章 沙漠沉积特征

第一节 风力作用与沙漠沉积 一提到沙漠,人们就会联想到风沙,风是沙漠里最重要的地质营力。严格地说,盛行风是沙漠形成和发展的主要营力。一、盛行风与热沙漠的形成气众所周知,     

都日木断陷化探普查成效分析

都日木断陷为二连盆地的中新生代单断型凹陷,其地表为腾格尔沙漠的一部分。根据地面化探测量结果,结合地质、地震等资料,指出了该断陷具有良好的含油气远景,最有利区为蒙古勒背斜,有利区为板新图断块和布拉格背斜。该工作为该区下一步勘探指明了方向,也为在沙漠区进行化探工作积累了经验。     

都日本断陷地面伽玛能谱测量成效分析

都日本断陷是二连盆地中一个中华新生代单断型册陷,其地表景观为腾格尔沙漠的一部分,根据其地面伽玛能谱测量结构,结合地质,地震等资料,指出了该断陷具有良好的含油气远景,指出了该区下一步勘探工作方向,同时积累了沙漠区进行伽玛能谱测量工作经验。     

古沙漠记录的沉积体系及层序地层研究进展——以鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系为例

鄂尔多斯盆地白垩纪古沙漠沉积地层主要为冲积扇、湖泊、河流、三角洲及沙漠沉积体系.风成沉积和沙漠沉积、风成沉积体系和沙漠沉积体系等概念有必要予以区分.基准面变化是沙漠和河流、湖泊等其他陆相地层对比的基础.鄂尔多斯盆地志丹群划分为上下两个三级层序单元,反映了两期古沙漠由风成沉积强盛期到衰退期的演化,且每个层序可划分为低位、...     

甘肃岷县某金矿钻探施工技术与管理

分析了复杂地层的成因,通过精心筹划、严密组织、技术攻关、研制冲洗液、有针对性地研制钻头、规范作业,解决了施工护壁难和取心难题,较好地提高了施工效率和钻孔施工质量。     

An Overview of Distribution Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms in Global Arid Areas

The ecological environment in arid areas is extremely fragile and especially sensitive to climate response. Continuous research on the climate and its impact mechanism in the arid zones is of great scientific significance for deeper understanding of the cause of climatic formation and better prediction of climate in arid regions. Some research progresses in recent decades both at home and abroad have been overviewed, including the distribution of arid areas, the causes of arid area climatic formation and arid area climate change. Studies have shown that AI index is an effective criterion for dividing arid areas. There are 8 major arid areas in the world; climatic formation in arid areas is the result of multiple factors; there are 6 kinds of influencing factors, such as Hadley Cell, land-air interaction and so on; the unlikely trend between dry and wet is obvious in arid areas, and some regions are facing more severe drought trends such as North Africa and China-Mongolia, while others show a trend of wetting such as the Midwest of the United States. At present, there are still some scientific problems to be solved urgently:The response of various arid regions to global warming is quite different, and climate prediction in these zones is both important and difficult; the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a tremendous impact on the arid area of China-Mongolia, but the models of this field are not perfect enough; there are no accepted conclusions about the causes of climatic formation in different arid regions and the causes of their different wet and dry trends. At present, it is still impossible to quantitatively distinguish the relative contributions of various influencing factors in the climate evolution of drylands and their response processes.     

祖母绿矿床研究现状

祖母绿矿床多为花岗岩浆期后酸性热液交代基性-超基性岩之产物。祖母绿通常呈不均匀浸染状或斑晶赋存变质片岩或其与酸性岩脉的接触带中,可将其分为热液型、气成-热液型和伟晶岩型几类矿床．包裹体研究对确定祖母绿宝石的成因、成矿地质环境条件、鉴定天然和人工宝石、确定其产地及评定其质量等级有着重要意义．我国对云南麻坡祖母绿矿床已做过较深入的研究,此外,新疆阿尔泰山、天山、甘肃北山、内蒙古中部、湖南幕阜山、四川九龙、平武等亦都有绿柱石类宝石产出．新疆发现一处碳酸岩脉祖母绿矿床,颇具前景。当前我国祖母绿研究中应加强对矿床分类、成矿及生长结晶作用、包裹体的深入研究并对已有线索加大研究及勘查力度．     

内蒙古河套地区高氟水成因分析

根据内蒙古生态地球化学调查结果，结合大量的水质测定资料，编制了河套地区地下水氟离子含量分级图，分析研究了区内高氟水的形成与富集的原因。包括当地气候条件等自然因素，研究区内岩性、土壤性质、地下水物化条件、湖泊沉积物类型等地质因素和人类活动二个方面。其中起主导作用的是自然因素、地质因素，而像包头市近郊潜水氟污染是由于包钢的废渣和废水排放等人类活动引起的。对治理河套地区氟中毒的区域环境问题提出了相应的建议。     

Progress and Prospect of Research on Coastal Wind-eroded Landform

The coastal wind-eroded landform, one of the kinds of wind-eroded landforms which widely distribute and have complex causes of formation, now is being much more concerned in recent years with the major research development of wind-eroded landform based on the advanced research techniques and methods. According to the summarization about the main progresses of foreign research on coastal wind-eroded landform in different periods, the status and dispute of research on coastal wind-eroded landform in China, and the development difference of coastal and mainland wind-eroded landform in China, it is essential work to improve the research on the coastal wind-eroded landform in China. Finally future research directions of coastal wind-eroded landforms are suggested such as to find out the types and their distribution features of coastal wind-eroded landforms in China, investigate their morphology and change characteristics,probe into the interaction essence between the morphological changes and the airflow and wind-sand flux of typical coastal wind-eroded landforms, and explore the model and laws of formation and evolution of coastal wind-eroded landforms in China.     

青藏高原新生代火山活动的深部力学背景

为了研究火山形成基本要素——岩浆运移通道的形成, 基于重力异常反演的青藏高原下地壳底部的地幔对流应力场, 结合地壳破裂形成机理和对流应力场与青藏高原新生代火山分布的关系, 以及青藏高原下地幔对流演化的数值模拟结果, 分析了高原火山岩浆运移通道产生的深部力学机制.研究表明, 高原下地幔对流应力场存在两个大的拉张区, 高原中部和北部的火山岩均分布于拉张应力区.南部的林子宗火山区对应了印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞前或碰撞早期高原下的地幔上升流.对流应力的量级为~100Ma, 这与导致地壳破裂的应力量级相当.所有这些证据表明, 青藏高原下地幔对流应力场可能是导致高原地壳破裂, 并发展为岩浆物质通道的主要力学机制之一.      

Deep Mechanical Cenozoic Volcanism Background for the in the Tibetan Plateau

The principle prerequisite for the formation of a volcano is the generation of a channel for magma transportation. There is little research on the deep mechanical mechanism for the formation of a magma transportation channel in the Tibetan plateau. Based on the subcrustal mantle convectiongenerated stress field inversed by gravity anomalies, together with its relationship to the Cenozoic volcanism in the plateau, and the mechanism of crustal fracture formation, as well as the numerical results of the evolution of mantle convection beneath the plateau, this paper investigates the deep mechanical mechanism for the formation of a magma transportation channel in the Tibetan plateau. There are two significant extensional convection-generated stress zones beneath the plateau, in which the volcanic rocks in the central and northern parts of the plateau are distributed. The Linzizong volcanism in southern Tibet correlates the upwelling mantle flow prior to the India-Asia collision or during the early stage of the collision. The magnitude of the stress is - 100 MPa, which is the same order of force that causes crustal fractures. The evidence implies that the mantle convection-generated stress is one of the principle causes of crustal fractures, and furthermore, the formation of the magma transportation channel in the Tibetan plateau.     

Deep Mechanical Background for the Cenozoic Volcanism in the Tibetan Plateau

INTRODUCTION Volcanoesaremostlyobservedinoceanicridges,hotspotsandcontinentalriftzones(Hongetal.,2003),andarerarelyobservedincontinentalinteri ors.However,sincethevolcanoeswithintheconti nentinteriorscannotbeattributedtotheplate/block marginprocess,theydr…     

清江流域旅游资源分布规律及成因

通过对清江流域复杂的自然条件和环境的概括,说明了该地区丰富多彩的自然和人旅游资源形成的根本原因,以该地区最具特色的自然景观－地质地貌景观为主要研究对象,阐述了地质过程、地貌演化是该地区其他自然旅游景观形成、演化的主要动力和控制因素。同时,也强调了自然界的时空演进对人文景观形成和分布的重要控制作用。     

东秦岭216.8Ma前一个7级隐爆大地震的震源遗迹

依据野外地质勘查、工程揭露、地球物理探测等事实和地球化学测量资料,发现位于华北板块南缘东秦岭216.8Ma前一个古地震的震源遗迹。结合隐爆角砾岩体、系列隐爆角砾岩、岩石地球化学、同位素示踪、同位素测年、稀土元素、包裹体、岩石微观破碎等特征分析表明,该震源遗迹是在印支晚期杨子板块与华北板块碰撞对接的造山阶段,上地幔或下地壳形成的源于变质火山岩深熔的I型造山带花岗岩浆,在结晶分异过程中产生大量气液流体并沿断裂通道上升,进入硅化封闭的局部断裂空间后形成岩浆分异气液流体压力,当积聚的巨大压力超过所处深度的静岩压力与聚压空间围岩的破裂强度极限后,在地壳深部产生强烈隐爆所形成。根据上覆地层厚度、可参照的深成侵入岩体相对高度对比和主震遗迹的尺度等分析,隐爆深度位于当时地表的10km以下,隐爆主震的面波震级MS＞7.0。该震源遗迹的发现,可初步确认岩浆气液隐爆成因地震存在,并有助于克服一些地震成因研究中的震源不可视与不可入性难题,为地震成因乃至地震预测探索提供一些可直接观测研究的震源实体。 该遗迹不是一般的地震遗迹,而是一个“震源”实体遗迹——震源遗迹,而且是一个具有震源深度、发生年代、地震强度等地震要素完整且一致的可见震源遗迹。