利用单飞秒激光脉冲驱动类氖钛X射线激光的研究

提出了一种利用单飞秒激光脉冲驱动类氖钛X射线激光的物理方案.利用自相似方法研究了不同脉冲前沿的单飞秒激光辐照钛平板靶产生的类氖钛X射线激光等离子体的特性,得到了电子温度、电子密度和定标长度三者的定标律,讨论了给定输入参数下各定标律曲线的特性.研究表明,利用单个飞秒激光能够实现X射线激光的产生,而且脉冲前沿强度随时间增长平缓的飞秒激光有利于驱动X射线激光.本研究为实验上实现单飞秒激光脉冲驱动X射线激光提供了一种新的方案.     

色散缓变光纤中脉冲频谱演变的研究

采用数值计算的方法研究了高斯脉冲的频谱在色散缓变光纤中的传输特性及初始啁啾对频谱演变的影响.结果表明:色散缓变光纤可以有效的抑制频谱的展宽,将其应用到超长距离光纤通信系统是可行的;初始啁啾使脉冲频谱严重展宽,应采取消啁啾的措施.     

神光Ⅲ原型单端驱动黑腔等离子体聚心时间研究

在神光Ⅲ原型装置上,利用8束激光单端驱动半腔靶实验研究了黑腔等离子体聚心时间.通过改变腔底结构建立了4种黑腔辐射源,比较了等离子体径向的聚心时间与黑腔辐射温度的变化关系.径向聚心时间和辐射温度分别由X射线分幅相机和软X射线能谱仪给出.研究发现,4种辐射源的等离子体径向聚心时间与辐射温度之间存在正比关系,聚心时间随辐射温度升高而延后.     

3CCD相机摄像系统光源的选择与计算

设计了 1种应用于 3CCD相机摄像系统中的脉冲氙灯光源。介绍了该光源的光谱特性和触发方式 ,同时计算了其包括闪光持续期和闪光频率范围等重要参数     

超高速光孤子传输特性分析及数值模拟

通过数值解非线性耦合薛定谔方程 ,研究高速光孤子通信系统中高阶色散和偏振模色散对孤子传输的影响 ,并数值模拟孤子在单模光纤中的演变。研究结果表明 :偏振模色散导致孤子脉冲展宽、峰值功率下降、峰值点随传输距离漂移 ;高阶色散和偏振模色散使孤子加速展宽、脉冲沿出现非对称的振荡结构 ,脉冲峰值点随传输距离的漂移而发生改变     

数值模拟飞秒激光加热金属的热电子发射

研究了超短超强激光脉冲与薄膜靶相互作用中产生的电子热发射.当超短激光脉冲与薄膜靶相互作用时,首先入射超短脉冲激光对吸收深度内的自由电子进行热激发;接下来热激发电子将能量传递到附近的晶格,再通过电子和晶格二体系的热传导,以及电子晶格间的热耦合,将能量传递到材料的内部.因此,电子在皮秒级甚至更短的时间内不能与晶格进行能量耦合,使电子温度超出晶格温度很多,电子热发射就变得非常明显了.用双温方程联合Richardson-Dushman方程的方法对飞秒脉冲激光照射金属靶的电子热发射进行了研究,结果发现电子热发射对飞     

3CCD相机摄像系统光源的选择与计算

设计了1种应用于3CCD相机报是系统中的脉冲氙灯光源。介绍了该光源的光谱特性和触发方式，同时计算了其包括闪光持续期和闪光频率范围等重要参数。     

制作工艺误差对X射线组合折射透镜聚焦性能影响研究

本文主要介绍对X射线组合折射透镜的制作工艺误差对其聚焦性能影响的研究结果. 首先给出采用深度X射线光刻技术制作的PMMA材料圆柱面型X组合折射透镜的工艺测试结果,得出制作工艺误差值,定性分析制作工艺误差对X射线组合折射透镜聚焦性能的影响. 然后根据实际的制作工艺误差建模,给出详尽的理论分析和定量的理论模拟结果. 最后在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)上,构建基于PMMA材料的圆柱面型X射线组合折射透镜的微束聚焦实验系统,实际测试了有明显工艺误差和尽量消除工艺误差的两种X射线组合折射透镜的聚焦性能,给出实测结果     

基于差值信噪比法的船载地波雷达一阶谱识别

本文提出了适用于船载地波雷达展宽一阶谱识别的差值信噪比方法。通过结合仿真分析和实测试验数据,开展了船载地波雷达展宽一阶谱的频移和展宽特性分析,确定了一阶谱的最大展宽范围与平台运动速度之间的定量关系。通过分析一维多普勒频点间的差值数量关系,确定了边界预筛选准则。利用展宽一阶谱的区域连续特性,实现展宽一阶谱边界最终识别。采用船载地波雷达仿真和实测数据对所提方法的有效性进行了验证,所提方法相对于传统方法取得了较好的识别效果。     

基于波导相位调制器的光谱色散平滑技术实验研究

利用波导相位调制器产生的正弦调频脉冲进行了光谱色散平滑技术实验研究.结果表明该铌酸锂波导相位调制器可以容易地将DFB振荡器产生的单纵模信号展宽到0.1—1.5 nm,远场分析表明焦斑扫动规律与理论计算一致,近场分析表明SSD对近场百微米尺度的调制有显著改善.本研究为高功率激光装置束匀滑方案的优化提供了参考.     

Ionisation of Rydberg hydrogen atom near a metal surface by short pulse laser

In the ionisation of Rydberg hydrogen atoms near a metal surface, the electron will escape from the nucleus and arrive at the detector in a time sequence. This probability flux train relies on the initial electron wave packet irradiated by the laser pulse. For simplicity, the laser pulse is usually simplified to a delta function in energy domain, resulting in a sharp initial arrival time with an exponentially decaying tail at the detector. Actually and semiclassically, the initial outgoing wave should be modeled as an ensemble of trajectories propagating away from the atomic core in all directions with a range of launch times and a range of energies. In this case, each pulse in the pulse train is averaged out rather than a sharp profile. We examine how energy and time averaging of the electron wave packet affects the resolution of escaping electron pulses and study the energy dependence of the arrival time for each pulse in the ionisation train. An optimization condition for the laser pulse shape to generate narrow ionisation electron pulse in the train is obtained. The ionisation rates with various excitation energy are calculated also, which show the excitation to higher N Rydberg states will narrow the electron pulse as well.     

Population structure of the thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) in British waters

Prior to the 1950s, thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) was common and widely distributed in the seas of Northwest Europe. Since then, it has decreased in abundance and geographic range due to over-fishing. The sustainability of ray populations is of concern to fisheries management because their slow growth rate, late maturity and low fecundity make them susceptible to exploitation as victims of by-catch. We investigated the population genetic structure of thornback rays from 14 locations in the southern North Sea, English Channel and Irish Sea. Adults comprised < 4% of the total sampling despite heavy sampling effort over 47 hauls; thus our results apply mainly to sexually immature individuals. Using five microsatellite loci, weak but significant population differentiation was detected with a global F_ST = 0.013 (P < 0.001). Pairwise F_st was significant for 75 out of 171 comparisons. Although earlier tagging studies suggest restricted foraging distances from home areas, the absence of genetic differentiation between some distant populations suggests that a substantial fraction of individuals migrate over wide areas. Autumn/winter locations appear to have a lower level of differentiation than spring/summer, which could be due to seasonal migration. Management and conservation of thornback ray populations will be challenging as population structure appears to be dynamic in space and time.     

基于辛几何算法的高斯束叠前深度偏移

辛几何算法是专门针对动力学过程设计的算法,以提高动力学问题求解的精度与效率。高斯束偏移过程中的运动学与动力学射线追踪,从物理上讲是一个动力学过程,可以利用辛几何算法对其进行优化。本文将基于辛几何算法的运动学射线追踪引入高斯束叠前深度偏移中,并在推导了动力学射线追踪方程组的辛差分格式基础上,实现了基于辛几何算法的高斯束叠前深度偏移。模型实验表明,基于辛几何算法的运动学射线追踪,其效率与精度相比常规算法都具有一定优势,而基于辛几何算法的高斯束叠前深度偏移方法能够对复杂构造模型精确成像。     

Extension of high-order harmonics and generation of an isolated attosecond pulse in the chirped laser field

This paper theoretically investigates the high-order harmonic generation cutoff extension using intense few-cycle linearly chirped laser pulses. It shows that the cutoff of the harmonic can be extended remarkably by optimising the chirping parameters. The time-frequency characteristics of high-order harmonics with different chirping parameters are analysed by means of wavelet transform of the dipole acceleration. It also gives out the classical three-step model pictures of electron. By superposing a properly selected range of the harmonic spectrum, it obtains an isolated 65as pulse.     

A study of hybrid and chaotic long-range propagation in a doublesound channel environment

This paper presents the results of the analysis of long range propagation (~200 km) in a range-dependent environment. The propagation medium is characterized by two deep sound channels. The range dependence enables energy transfer between the channels and leads to a mismatch between real data and ray predictions. To explain this mismatch, an analysis of hybrid ray propagation is presented. This analysis is completed by an interpretation in terms of chaos. This chaos is quantified in the particular case of the Bay of Biscay environment. This paper puts forward that mesoscale perturbations, such as the Mediterranean outflow in the North Atlantic, can affect long-range propagation. However, it shows that the ray theory remains reliable for a propagation range of several hundred kilometers     

SAR-imaged spiral eddies in Mutsu Bay and their dynamic and kinematic models

A pattern of slick streaks winding into a spiral, known as a spiral eddy, was identified in 5 images taken by the ERS-1/2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in Mutsu Bay (Japan); dynamic and kinematic models of these spiral eddies have been proposed. Common characteristics of the five spiral eddies are: 1) an eddy diameter of about 15 km; 2) their location in the western part of the bay; and 3) their cyclonic direction of rotation. Moreover, the wind conditions over the bay were common: prior to acquiring the images, a strong easterly wind continued blowing for more than one day. The wind field on the bay is known to be orographically steered and has strong windstress vorticity, which generates cyclonic circulation. The diameter and location of the circulation simulated with a numerical ocean model corresponded well to those of the identified spiral eddies. Based on these facts, we propose a dynamic model for the movement of a slick streak, and a kinematic model for the formation of a spiral eddy. We have assumed calm air, a microlayer and seawater with a cyclonic circulation in the dynamic model. The balance of forces is established in the microlayer among the frictional force from the seawater, the frictional force from the calm air, the gravitational force, and the Coriolis force. As a result, the velocity vector of the microlayer deflects slightly towards the center of the cyclonic circulation. We have assumed a point source of the microlayer in the kinematic model. The shapes of a slick streak simulated with the models agree well with the identified patterns in the SAR images.     

Quantitative photogrammetric analysis of digital underwater videoimagery

This paper presents a photogrammetric model for digital underwater video imagery, which has been mostly applied to qualitative analysis in the marine environment. With this model, quantitative analysis of underwater images is possible, e.g., to locate positions, calculate sizes, and measure shapes of objects from image features. The underwater photogrammetric model is based on a three-dimensional optical ray tracing technique which rigorously models imaging systems with multilens configurations and multiple refractions. The calibration procedure with two independent phases has been proven to be efficient in simplifying the computation and improving the calibration accuracy. With the current imaging system configuration and photogrammetric model, an accuracy of 0.8 cm in lateral directions and 1.2 cm along the depth direction for objects located about 2-3 m from the camera system in the object space is attainable. A PC-based digital underwater photogrammetric prototype system has been developed to implement the underwater photogrammetric model     

Secular behavior and breakdown of chaotic ray solutions

Solutions of the eikonal equation and the first two transport equations are derived for problems involving ray chaos. The solution of the eikonal equation approximates the phase. The solutions of the transport equations approximate the amplitude as an asymptotic series in ω^-1. Examples are presented to illustrate that the second term in the series grows relative to the first term along some rags. This secular behavior is associated with the exponential decay of amplitude, which occurs along chaotic rays. The results suggest that chaotic ray solutions (including ray paths, phases, and amplitudes) break down rapidly with range. Although the analysis is limited to a special case that is free of caustics, the results bring into question the use of chaotic ray solutions for long-range propagation