安阳矿区煤与瓦斯突出预测模型的建立与应用

利用灰色关联分析法确定控制矿井煤与瓦斯突出的主导因素,根据人工神经网络建立煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测的系统结构,在此基础上,选用突出矿井的15个煤与瓦斯突出实例作为学习样本对网络进行训练,最后运用3个煤与瓦斯突出实例作为预测样本对所建模型进行验证。结果表明利用灰色理论—神经网络方法建立的预测模型能够满足煤与瓦斯突出预测的要求。通过分析和计算安阳矿区煤层的开采深度、地质构造(尤其是断层)与突出危险程度关系密切,在煤与瓦斯突出的预测、防治工作中可以作为首选指标来考虑。     

神经网络在判别煤矿突水水源中的应用

矿井突水水源的识别是矿井防治水工作的基础，快速准确地判别突水的来源对整个矿井的安全生产起着十分重要的作用。以峰峰矿区梧桐庄矿为例，应用神经网络的方法，对矿井突水水源进行了系统研究。结果表明，运用该方法取得了较好的效果，并可以用此模型来解决类似的评价和判别问题。     

冲击矿压的声发射监测技术研究

煤岩体的破坏伴随着声发射现象,通过分析煤岩体损伤破坏与声发射之间的耦合关系,论述了利用声发射评价冲击矿压危险的可行性,提出了冲击矿压危险性评价的声发射指标的表达方式、临界指标的确定以及危险等级的划分。实验室测试了某冲击矿压矿井煤样破坏过程的声发射特征,为现场应用提供参照。最后分析了波兰ARES声发射系统在冲击矿压矿井中的应用效果与存在的问题     

基于遗传算法和BP神经网络的矿井涌水量预测

为避免BP神经网络极易陷人局部解的问题,针对遗传算法具有全局寻优的特点,提出了用遗传算法优化BP神经网络预测方法,并以刘桥二矿为例,对其矿井涌水量进行了预测。首先选取刘桥二矿区的2005年3月至2006年12月的矿井涌水量数据进行分析,然后使用遗传算法优化BP网络的初始权值和阈值,最后使用BP神经网络进行训练。将其成果与纯BP网络算法进行比较,结果表明：遗传算法优化BP神经网络的预测方法的预测精度高于纯BP网络算法,将其应用于矿井涌水量预测是有效可行的。     

基于模糊神经网络的泥石流危险性评价

将T-S模糊系统理论和人工神经网络相结合,利用模糊理论隶属度对模糊性有很强的识别精度,将泥石流危险性指标隶属度作为神经网络的激活函数输入,使用正态分布方法产生训练数据,再利用BP神经网络的误差反向传播对TS模糊系统隶属度函数等的参数进行训练调整,从而建立泥石流危险性评价的模糊神经网络模型。利用建立好的模型对云南东川八条典型泥石流沟的危险性进行评价,获得客观合理的评价结果。与刘希林的灰色聚类法和可拓物元方法的纵向对比和与线性内插产生训练数据方法横向对比表明:使用该方法能较真实地反映实际泥石流沟的危险性等级,证明模糊神经网络理论应用于泥石流危险性评价的有效性和可行性。     

改进层次分析法在矿井水文地质类型划分中的应用

矿井水文地质类型划分是矿井水文地质工作的一项重要内容,对分析充水条件,评价水害威胁程度,指导矿井防治水工作具有重要意义。引进最优传递矩阵对层次分析法进行改进,将改进的层次分析法应用到水文地质类型划分中。以内蒙古呼吉尔特矿区4对生产矿井为例,在分析水文地质条件的基础上,建立了矿井水文地质类型划分的评价指标体系,利用改进的层次分析法,计算各项影响因素的权重值,建立数学模型计算每个矿井综合得分Z值,根据计算结果,呼吉尔特4对生产矿井水文地质条件均为复杂型。      

大屯姚桥矿矿井水文地质条件分类与评价

矿井水文地质条件分类评价是矿井水害防治的重要工作。通过研究矿井复杂的水文地质条件、评价机理及国内外矿井水文地质条件分类评价的研究现状,给出了矿井水文地质条件的分类依据和两种方案,并进行了具体分类。阐述了各类水文地质条件的特点,在分类结果与影响因素的基础上,详细给出了矿井水文地质条件评价指标、内容、评价手段方法。对徐州大屯姚桥煤矿矿井水文地质条件进行了实例分类评价,对类似矿井的水害防治具有重要的指导作用。      

绿水洞煤矿煤层(成)气赋存与地质条件的关系

依据绿水洞矿井地质构造和煤层构造变形特征,对该矿煤层(成)气赋存运移规律进行了系统的分析,就该矿生产中煤层(成)气涌出及可能产生的动力现象进行了地质评价,认为在矿井深部仍存在沿岩层裂隙和溶洞发生煤层(成)气涌出的可能,田湾向斜东翼为全井田煤层(成)气突出危险程度最高的区域。      

煤层群内多重保护层开采的防突试验研究

基于煤与瓦斯突出的煤层群开采所遇到的瓦斯问题,针对煤层群开采的特点,通过多参数的考察,对多重上保护层开采进行了试验研究,完善了保护层开采的基本理论;对保护效果、保护范围和合理参数进行综合分析、确定,得出了煤层群开采保护层过程中多重保护的具体指标和效果,建立了多重保护层效果考察及评价方法,对淮南矿区煤层群开采消除突出危险效果显著。研究成果对于类似条件突出矿井的保护层开采具有一定的指导意义和应用价值。     

径向基神经网络在砂土液化评价中的应用

基于MATLAB6.5平台编程,研究利用径向基神经网络进行砂土液化评价,探讨了原始数据预处理方法、神经网络构建、训练、结果评价、主因子识别以及与BP网的对比,表明了RBF网络砂土液化评价的优越性,同时给出了RBF网络砂土液化评价的归一化数据预处理方法与利用网络权重识别砂土液化主因子方法,为今后的进一步研究与实践奠定了基础.     

非接触式瓦斯突出预测方法

依据瓦斯突出矿井的条件和其地球物理场的特征,提出了点面结合的以电磁法为主的非接触式瓦斯突出预测方法。区域性预测采用无线电波透视法和槽波地震法;局部性预测采用地质雷达法和层内电测深法。并且进行了电波透视技术的生产实际应用。对减轻和防止煤矿瓦斯突出自然灾害具有重要意义。     

黑龙江省矿山地质环境综合评价

文章根据黑龙江省矿山地质环境调查资料，确定出影响矿山地质环境的因素，采用“袭扰系数法”对全省矿山地质环境进行定量化评价。划分矿山环境严重破坏区；中等破坏区；轻微破坏区和末破坏区。该评价结果为政府有关部门进行矿山地质环境保护和治理提供了科学依据。     

突出煤层CO2气相压裂高效抽采防突掘进技术

我国煤矿煤与瓦斯突出灾害严重影响煤矿安全生产。尽管近10年来这一灾害事故大幅度减少,但恶性事故依然发生,给矿工生命和煤矿安全生产造成严重损失。国内外现阶段的防治瓦斯突出技术,如水力压裂、水力割缝、水力冲孔、深孔爆破、密集钻孔等,不同程度地解决了防突安全掘进,但对于一些高瓦斯低渗透突出煤层,上述技术还难以从根本上解决消突安全快速掘进。所以,防突技术仍然是我国煤炭领域亟待攻关的重大科技难题。选取山西寿阳县新元煤矿31002工作面为试验案例,介绍CO₂气相压裂技术方法,并探讨其防突掘进效果。新元煤矿开采的山西组3号煤层为低渗透突出煤层,前期主要采用密集钻孔预抽瓦斯防突措施,抽采达标时间长,掘进速度慢。高效抽采瓦斯,防止煤与瓦斯突出,保障煤巷安全快速掘进,是新元煤矿安全高效生产的重大技术难题。在新元矿采取的气相压裂措施概况如下:在掘进工作面前方实施双钻孔气相压裂;完成9个瓦斯抽采钻孔以覆盖巷道两侧各15 m安全范围;全部11个钻孔联网抽采3~5 d,防突参数K₁值达标后恢复掘进。试验数据表明,气相压裂抽采防突技术措施的强化抽采效果显著,抽采效率大幅度提高,煤炮等动力现象减少,K₁值降低,掘进割煤时巷道瓦斯浓度得以降低和均化,保障了连续安全掘进。实践证明,CO₂气相压裂技术能够实现连续安全快速掘进理技术,在全国类似瓦斯地质条件煤矿中具有推广应用意义。      

The Main Factor Controlling the Coal and Gas Outbursts in the Eastern Pingdingshan Mining Area

By analyzing the gas occurrence, it is found that ground stress plays a leading role in coal and gas outburst in eastern coal mines of Nos. 8, 10 and 12 in Pingdingshan Mining Area where show the most serious outburst hazards. According to the isograms of coal seam depth in F Group, the relationship between the distributions of the fold tectonic stress and the coal and gas outburst was simulated using the ANSYS program. The result shows that the stress concentrates near to the fault and the outcrop of the fault enhances the possibility of gas outburst. The shear stress in the north of the anticline is greater than that in the south. The shear stress direction on the north wing of the anticline is dextral and the coal seam in this area exhibits highest possibility for gas outburst. However, on the surrounding rock, the shear stress direction on the north wing of the anticline is sinistral. The regions with fold tectonic stress ranging from 1.44 to 4.47 MPa correspond to the sites with high risk of gas outburst. Ground stress is the main factor controlling the coal and gas outburst in the three mines. Currently, the distribution of coal and gas outburst in the three mines is in agreement with that of coal shear stress.     

地应力测量在煤与瓦斯突出灾害研究中的应用

为减轻和防治煤与瓦斯突出灾害,对红菱煤矿进行了地应力测量、岩石力学参数测试和瓦斯气体压力量测,以及地质构造分析。在此基础上,应用突出破坏判断准则,提出了煤层稳定性评价的定量指标,从区域上预测了煤与瓦斯突出的潜在危险区,与现场实际情况吻合较好。提出了区域性与局部相结合的防突措施,取得了良好效果,表明区域煤与瓦斯突出潜在危险区预测对区域性防突措施的选择具有一定指导意义。     

冰湖溃决泥石流的形成、演化与减灾对策

本文分析了主要由冰滑坡和冰崩入湖导致的冰湖溃决的机理和条件.进而,从气候条件、水文条件、终碛堤、冰湖规模、冰滑坡、沟床特征和固体物质补给等方面分析了冰湖溃决泥石流的形成条件和特点,归纳出冰湖溃决泥石流沿程演化的6种模式:溃决洪水-稀性泥石流、溃决洪水-黏性泥石流、溃决洪水-稀性泥石流-黏性泥石流、溃决洪水-黏性泥石流-稀性泥石流、溃决洪水-稀性泥石流-黏性泥石流-稀性泥石流和溃决洪水-黏性泥石流-稀性泥石流-洪水.针对冰湖溃决泥石流突发性强、频度低、洪峰高、流量大、流量过程暴涨暴落、破坏力强和灾害波及范围广等特点,提出了7点减灾对策.     

A novel method for evaluating proneness of gas outburst based on gas-geological complexity

The gas outburst, resulting in substantial economic losses and even casualties, is the biggest obstacle in coal mines, mostly caused by an imbalance of gas-geological structure. For accurately measuring this proneness, in this paper, a novel evaluation method was proposed based on the gas-geology theory. In this method, a standardization model of statistical units was presented first, which was used to standardize and quantify the 12 chosen gas-geological factors; and then, an associated function was established for computing the gas-geological complexity index (GCI). With increasing GCI values, the evaluated area was divided into four grades: simple, medium, complex, and extremely complex region, in which the associated proneness of outbursts was SAFE, POTENTIAL, HIGH, STRONG, respectively. Taking the XueHu Coal Mine as an example, site verification was carried out with a good result. Research and application indicate that (1) gas outburst is unbalanced and closely related to the complex of the gas geological structure, showing a greater GCI leads to a higher outburst possibility; (2) the most likely area for the gas outburst is the extremely complex region and the transition zone between adjacent areas with different GCI grades; (3) upgrading-targeted control measures are the best way for preventing and controlling disasters caused by the gas and outburst unbalanced distribution. This novel method provided a reliable quantity approach for predicting and zonally managing gas outbursts and improving the effectiveness of outbursts prevention.

     

Gas outburst disasters and the mining technology of key protective seam in coal seam group in the Huainan coalfield

Coal and gas outburst disasters in coal seams are becoming more serious as coal mines extend deeper underground in China. To aid gas control in high-gas outburst coal seam group, this study performed research based on the geological conditions of the Xinzhuangzi coal mine in the Huainan coalfield. The laws of gas occurrence, the strength of the coal outburst, and the regional partition were studied. Simultaneously, we introduced the key protective seam mining technology and confirmed the mining sequence of coal seam groups. The results indicate that (1) each seam absorbs gas well, and the currently measured gas content is up to 15.0 m³/t. (2) Although some differences about coal seams outburst intensity remain, the differences in the same group are very small. (3) The coal seam B10 was chosen as the key protective seam and was mined first; then adjacent seams were mined from bottom to top by layer within the roof of B10 and from top-to-bottom within the floor of B10 to guarantee each adjacent coal seam received the good effects of pressure-relief and increasing permeability. (4) The main methods of gas extraction in each protected seam are surface boreholes and net-like penetrating boreholes in the floor roadway, and related technical parameters were determined according to the degree of pressure-relief in coal seam. This in situ experiment indicates a method aiding the gas control problem and guaranteeing safe and highly efficient exploitation of high-gas outburst seams.     

深井底板突水组合灰色物元判别系统及应用

深井底板突水预测是一个复杂的理论与技术问题,具有模糊性、灰色性和不相容性的特点。建立了深井底板突水的主控指标体系,通过灰色关联分析得到主控因素,应用熵值调整法确定了各主控因素在突水过程中的贡献权重。根据灰色物元分析理论,分别建立了线性灰色物元判别模型和最优灰色物元判别模型,采用VB6.0开发了深井底板突水组合灰色物元判别系统。该系统两种模块的并列运行和相互验证提高了判别结果的准确程度,使系统初步具备了受承压水威胁的深井工作面的危险度预测功能。应用该系统进行深井突水案例的模拟结果与实际情况比较吻合,这表明该系统对深井复杂条件下的矿井底板突水预测具有较好的应用价值。      

Mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam to reduce the danger of coal and gas outburst

In response to the severe situation of coal mine gas disaster in China, a new method of reducing the danger of coal and gas outbursts and improving gas drainage and utilization in coal mines was introduced in this paper. The main idea of this method is to mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam to eliminate or reduce the danger of coal and gas outburst. This method can be implemented by drills along seam and hydraulic jet when the mined seam with a relatively weak risk of coal and gas outbursts is soft or has a soft layer. This method was first applied in the Yian mine to verify its effectiveness. The results of application showed that mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam can effectively eliminate the danger of coal and gas outburst and improve gas drainage and utilization. As this method needs less time and lower cost than conventional protective layer mining, it is of great significance for mining coal seam with the danger of coal and gas outburst.