基于遥感数据的积雪信息提取:以新疆北疆为例(英文)

This paper proposes an applicable approach for snow information abstraction in northern Xinjiang Basin using MODIS data. Linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) was used to calculate snow cover fractions (SF) within a pixel, which was used to establish a regression function with NDSI. In addition, 80 snow depths samples were collected in the study region. The correlation between image spectra reflectance and snow depth as well as the comparison between measured snow spectra and image spectra was analyzed. An algorithm was developed for snow depth inversion on the basis of the correlation between snow depth and snow spectra in the region. The results indicated that the model of SF had a high accuracy with the mean absolute error 0.06 tested by 26 true measured values and the validation for snow depth model using another dataset with 50 sampling sites showed an RMSE of 1.63. Our study showed that MODIS data provide an alternative method for snow information abstraction through development of algorithms suitable for local application. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.70361001).     

New Mathematical Model Based on Affine ransformation for Remote Sensing Image with High Resolution

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒａｐｉｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｙａｎｄｔｈｅｓｏｃｉｅｔｙｒｅ ｑｕｉｒｅｓｔｈｅｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅｔｈｒｅｅ＿ｄｉｍｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｄｉｓ ｔｒｉｃｔｓ ,ｓｔａｔｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈ .Ｔｈｅｄｉｇｉｔａｌｅｌｅｖａｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｌ (ＤＥＭ)ａｎｄｇｅｏｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｄｒｅｍｏｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｎｇｉｍａｇｅｓｗｉｔｈ 1＿ｍｅｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｌｕ ｔｉｏｎａｒｅｔｈｅｂａｓｅ .Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｍｏ…     

高分辨率遥感影像基于仿射变换的严格几何模型

介绍了高分辨率遥感影像方位参数求解的严格几何模型，该模型采用了基于平行光投影的三步变换的方法，第一步是将三维空间经过相似变换缩小至影像空间，再将其以平行光投影至一个水平面上（仿射变换），最后将其变换至原始倾斜影像，同时对许多分辨率为10m,3m与1m的影像进行了试验，结果验证了新模型的正确性。     

数字图像监测系统应用于高压导线覆冰试验(英文)

A real-time system of numeral image manipulation technology is employed to inspect the dynamic displacement of an engineering structure. First, the CCD vidicon aims at the fixed point. The image of the fixed point on the structure is gathered by a picture gathering card. By processing pictures with a self-programmed software, the real-time space coordinate of the calibration device can be obtained. Finally, the data is dealt with to get the movement curve, and the dynamic displacement is carried out. The system is applied to the test of a high voltage icing conductor. The result indicates that the dynamic data of the ice shedding conductor includes jumping amplitude, displacement-time curve and attenuation process. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50778077, No.50608036).     

Enhancing group resolution of TM6 based on multi-variate regression model and semi-variogram function

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一种面向网络发布的海洋数据库引擎(英文)

To meet the requirements of efficient management and web publishing for marine remote sensing data, a spatial database engine, named MRSSDE, is designed independently. The logical model, physical model, and optimization method of MRSSDE are discussed in detail. Compared to the ArcSDE, which is the leading product of Spatial Database Engine, the MRSSDE proved to be more effective.     

粗糙集理论进行遥感图像监督分类的样本质量评价的研究(英文)

In the supervised classification process of remotely sensed imagery, the quantity of samples is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of the image classification as well as the keys used to evaluate the image classification. In general, the samples are acquired on the basis of prior knowledge, experience and higher resolution images. With the same size of samples and the same sampling model, several sets of training sample data can be obtained. In such sets, which set reflects perfect spectral characteristics and ensure the accuracy of the classification can be known only after the accuracy of the classification has been assessed. So, before classification, it would be a meaningful research to measure and assess the quality of samples for guiding and optimizing the consequent classification process. Then, based on the rough set, a new measuring index for the sample quality is proposed. The experiment data is the Landsat TM imagery of the Chinese Yellow River Delta on August 8th, 1999. The experiment compares the Bhattacharrya distance matrices and purity index zl and △x based on rough set theory of 5 sample data and also analyzes its effect on sample quality.     

Reducing Influence of Gravity Model Error in Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbit Satellites

Based on the orbit integration and orbit fitting method, the influence of the characters of the gravity model, with different precisions, on the movement of low Earth orbit satellites was studied. The way and the effect of absorbing the influence of gravity model error on CHAMP and GRACE satellite orbits, using linear and periodical empirical acceleration models and the so-called "pseudo-stochastic pulses" model, were also analyzed.     

地图目标移位的面目标变形约束及其处理(英文)

The displacement operator is an important and still a hot topic in map generalization. In the generalization product, symbols must be unambiguous and easily perceived and readily understood, which makes space competition among features an important obstacle in the process of map objects displacement. Space conflict between objects, through propagation process, may be spread and more objects may drift into it. In order to maintain symbols equilibrium and spatial relationship between objects, some unimportant symbols or parts of symbols should be distorted under constraints according to visual graphic resolution thresholds to figure out space competition among map features. Three constraints including position, legibility and characteristics are important for the maintenance of symbols equilibrium and spatial relationship, which are discussed in this paper. The skeleton is introduced to represent area objects figure characteristic, in which an area object can be separated to parts hierarchically according to their importance in the construction. Then, the finite element method is applied to the map objects’ displacement and distortion, in which a strategy for the parameters of finite element method is discussed. Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.40401050), the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Educational Committee (No.J50104), the Science Foundation of Shanghai Education Department (07ZZ09).     

重力数据的多尺度边缘分析及其应用(英文)

In order to improve the processing and interpretation of gravity data, multiscale edge theory in image processing is introduced into the study of gravity field. Multiscale edges of gravity anomaly are analyzed based on a special wavelet. It shows that the multiscale edges are the extrema points of the horizontal gravity gradient at different heights, which are related to the sharp discontinuities of underground sources. The applications of multiscale edge in downward continuation and gravity inversion are discussed. The simulated examples show that the multiscale edges can be applied to stabilize the downward continuation operator when the continuation height is low. The multiscale edges also have a convenient application to infer the geometry of the underground source. Moreover, the gravity inversion algorithm based on the multiscale edges has a good antinoise property. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40704003), the National 973 Program of China(No.2007CB714405), the Open Research Fund from Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy(No.04-01-08).     

Separation Problem in Satellite Gravimetry

The problem of separating gravitation from inertia is discussed in very general sense, and the conclusion is positive: man can separate gravitation from inertia, if various observation techniques are applied for. The accelerometer's position problem in satellite gravimetry is investigated, and the additional acceleration effect due to the position error of an instrument as well as the difference between the mass center and the gravity center is explored.     

Algorithm for Harmonic Tidal Analysis along T/P Tracks： Taking Differences of Observed Sea Surface Heights at Adjacent Points as Observations

An algorithm （differential mode） is presented for the improvement of harmonic tidal analysis along T/P tracks, in which the differences between the observed sea surface heights at adjacent points are taken as observations. Also, the observation equations are constrained with the results of the crossover analysis; the parameter estimations are performed at 0.1° latitude intervals by the least squares. Cycle 10 to 330 T/P altimeter data covering the China Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean （2°-50° N,105°-150° E） are adopted for a refined along-track harmonic tidal analysis, and harmonic constants of 12 constituents in 8 474 points are obtained, which indicates that the algorithm can efficiently remove non-tidal effects in the altimeter observations, and improve the precision of tide parameters. Moreover, parameters along altimetry tracks represent a smoother distribution than those obtained by traditional algorithms. The root mean squares of the fitting errors between the tidal height model and the observations reduce from 11 cm to 1.3 cm.     

一种综合利用像方和物方信息的多影像匹配方法(英文)

A novel method for multi-image matching by synthesizing image and object-space information is proposed. Firstly, four levels of image pyramids are generated according to the rule that the next pyramid level is generated from the previous level using the average gray values of the 3 by 3 pixels, and the first level of pyramid image is generated from the original image. The initial horizontal parallaxes between the reference image and each searching image are calculated at the highest level of the image pyramid. Secondly, corresponding image points are searched in each stereo image pair from the third level of image pyramid, and the matching results in all stereo pairs are integrated in the object space, by which the mismatched image points can be eliminated and more accurate spatial information can be obtained for the subsequent pyramid image matching. The matching method based on correlation coefficient with geometric constraints and global relaxation matching is introduced in the process of image matching. Finally, the feasibility of the method proposed in this paper is verified by the experiments using a set of digital frame aerial images with big overlap. Compared with the traditional image matching method with two images, the accuracy of the digital surface model (DSM) generated using the proposed method shows that the multi-image matching method can eliminate the mismatched points effectively and can improve the matching success rate significantly. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40771176, 40721001).     

对高分辨率遥感影像基于仿射变换的严格几何模型的讨论

根据CCD线阵列对地面扫描的实际情况，修正得到高分辨率遥感影像方位参数求解的严格几何模型，并进行了理论上的论证，得出相应的计算公式。实验证明，该模型理论上更为严密，与原模型的实用效果基本一致。     

Accuracy Analysis of Geopotential Coefficients Recovered from In-situ Disturbing Potential by Energy Conservation Method

The characteristics of the normal equation created in recovering the Earth gravity model (EGM) by least-squares(LS) adjustment from the in-situ disturbing potential is discussed in detail. It can be co...     

Accuracy Analysis of Gravity Model Based on Fictitious Compress Recovery Approach

The potential field determined based on the fictitious compress recovery approach is influenced by the errors contained in the boundary (the Earth’s surface or the surface corresponding to the satellite altitude) values. Given the boundary value with definite accuracy, the accuracy of the field determined based on the fictitious compress recovery approach is estimated, and it is theoretically shown that the determined field has the same accuracy level as the given boundary value.     

基于簇模型的矢量地图数据的高效压缩方法(英文)

This paper proposes a new method for the compression of vector data map. Three key steps are encompassed in the proposed method, namely, the simplification of vector data map via the elimination of vertices, the compression of removed vertices based on a clustering model, and the decoding of the compressed vector data map. The proposed compression method was implemented and applied to compress vector data map to investigate its performance in terms of the compression ratio and distortions of geometric shapes. The results show that the proposed method provides a feasible and efficient solution for the compression of vector data map and is able to achieve a promising ratio of compression and maintain the main shape characteristics of the spatial objects within the compressed vector data map. Supported by the National 863 Program of China (No. 2007AAl2Z241), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-07-0643), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40571134, No. 40871185), the National 973 Program of China (No. 108085).     

三维城市模型的研究与实践(英文)

The way we interact with spatial data has been changed from 2D map to 3D Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE). Three-dimensional representations of geographic information on a computer are known as VGE, and in particular 3D city models provide an efficient way to integrate massive, heterogenous geospatial information and georeferenced information in urban areas. 3D city modeling (3DCM) is an active research and practice topic in distinct application areas. This paper introduces different modeling paradigms employed in 3D GIS, virtual environment, and AEC/FM. Up-to-date 3DCM technologies are evolving into a data integration and collaborative approach to represent the full spatial coverage of a city, to model both aboveground and underground, outdoor and indoor environments including man-made objects and natural features with 3D geometry, appearance, topology and semantics. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 40871212, No. 40671158), the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Educational Committee( No.J50104).     

基于统计混合模型的遥感影像阴影检测

为提高阴影检测精度,提出一种新的遥感影像阴影检测方法—将径向基函数神经网络构建的混合模型(称作SMM-RBFNN)应用于遥感影像阴影检测。灰度共生矩阵中的能量、熵、对比度和逆差矩4种统计特征量作为混合模型的输入特征矢量,采用类“期望-最大化”算法(类EM)进行参数估计,训练检测器实现阴影检测。对多幅带有浓厚阴影的遥感影像进行实验,结果表明所提出的方法明显优于传统的高斯背景法和直方图阈值法,能够较好地解决强反射性地物漏检和水体错检问题,能够克服基于阈值思想的检测法需要反复实验选取阈值的缺点。     

Building extraction from DSM acquired by airborne 3D image

1　IntroductionAutomaticbuildingextractionistheresearchfocustoobtainthree dimensional (3D)informationofcity .Therearetwomainapproachestoextractbuildingsbyremotesensing :oneisbasedonaerialphotosandtheotherisbasedonstereophotosordigitalsurfacemodels (DSM) .Man madebuildingsgenerallyhavesuchcharacteristicsaslimitedarea ,evidentandregularboundary ,heightdifferencebetweenbuildingandground ,etc .Somemethodsareproposedtoextractbuildingsbyusingremotesensingbasedonthesecharacteristics .Inthe 1 980s ,…