高邮凹陷断层控油气作用的多样性

在探讨高邮凹陷断层发育时期和分布特点的基础上,结合油气分布特点,分析了断层在油气成藏中的作用类型,并探讨了其作用机理。依据断层在油气生成、运移、聚集和分布环节中的作用,把断层分为控源断层、供烃断层、改向断层、成圈断层和调整破坏断层。控源断层控制有效烃源岩展布和生烃时期的早晚,高邮凹陷控源断层下降盘为有效烃源岩分布区,而且西部地区早于东部地区生烃;供烃断层控制油气主运移通道的走势,其陡断面和凸断面为高邮凹陷断裂带油气的主运移通道;改向断层影响油气的富集层位和油气富集区的位置,其对高邮凹陷油气分布的影响存在"分散"和"富集"两种效应;成圈断层控制圈闭的类型及分布;调整破坏断层导致圈闭充满程度和原油物性的改变,高邮凹陷调整破坏断层为盐城期和三垛期活动断层。高邮凹陷断层的多期性和多样性导致断层体系中各断层封闭性在时空上的差异性和多变性,从而形成对油气控制的多面性和复杂性。     

Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams （Ruditapes philippinarum） in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw, in the most and least polluted sites, respectively. The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (<nC₂₃) n-alkanes, suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source. The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings. Accumulation of the metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability, ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw. Among the 7 detected metals, Zn, Cd, Cu, and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R. philippinarum. In general, a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals. Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and low to moderate contamination with metals, currently exists for clam R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay, in comparison with other regional studies. A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.     

Petroleum Hydrocarbon Distribution Features in Water and Sediment off Fujian Shore

This study on the distribution features of petroleum hydrocarbon in water and sedi-ment off the Fujian shore using data obtained from the baseline research on oceanic contamination in Fujian showed that:during the research preiod,petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in water varied from 5.77μg/L to 37.28μg/L,averaged 14.48 μg/L;was lower in the wet seasson than in the dry season;and was highest in the Minjiang Estuary and Jiulong Estuary in both seasons ,The petorleum hydrocarbon concentrations in shore sediment varied from 14.48 mg/kg to 784.36 mg/kg,averaged 133.3 mg/kg ,and was closely related to sediment types (granularity).     

New insights into marine hydrocarbon geological conditions in the South Yellow Sea Basin: evidence from borehole CSDP-2

The South Yellow Sea Basin(SYSB) has multiple sets of proven source rocks and good hydrocarbon prospects,but no industrial oil and gas has been explored at present.To solve this puzzle for petroleum geologists,we systematically investigated the marine hydrocarbon geological conditions based on cores and testing data from borehole CSDP-2,the first exploration well with continuous coring in SYSB.The qualities of source rocks are evaluated in detail according to organic matter abundance,type,and maturity.The reservoir characterization mainly includes porosity,permeability,and reservoir space.Displacement pressure test and stratum thickness are the main foundations for defining the caprocks.Then,the oil-source rock correlation in the Permian and stratum model are analyzed to determine the favorable source-reservoir-caprock assemblages.The results show that three sets of effective source rocks(the Lower Triassic,Upper Permian,and Lower Permian),two sets of tight sandstone re servoirs(the Upper Permian and Lower Silurian-Upper Devonian),and two sets of caprocks(the Lower Triassic and Carboniferous) combine to constitute the hydrocarbon reservoir-forming as se mblages of "lower-ge neration and upper-accumlation" and "self-generation and self-accumlation",thus laying a solid foundation for promising petroleum prospects.The three sets of marine source rocks are characterized by successive generation and expulsion stages,which guarantees multistage hydrocarbon accumulation.Another three sets of continental source rocks distributed across the Middle Jurassic,Upper Cretaceous,and Paleogene depression areas,especially in the Northern Depression,may supplement some hydrocarbons for the Central Uplift through faults and the Indosinian unconformity.The favorable Permian exploration strata have been identified in the Central Uplift of SYSB.First,the Lower Permian and Upper Permian source rocks with high organic matter abundance and high thermal maturity supply sufficient hydrocarbons.Secondly,the interbedding relationship between the source rocks and sandstones in the Upper Permian strata ensures that hydrocarbons have been migrated into the nearby Upper Permian sandstones,reflecting near-source hydrocarbon accumulation.Finally,the good sealing property of the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation caprocks plays an indispensable role in hydrocarbon preservation of the Permian reservoirs.This conclusion is supported by direct oil shows,gas logging anomalous layers,and hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions.     

Effects of crude oil contamination on soil physical and chemical properties in Momoge wetland of China

Large oilfields are often coincidentally located in major river deltas and wetlands, and potentially damage the structure, function and ecosystem service values of wetlands during oil exploration. In the present study, the effects of crude oil contamination during oil exploration on soil physical and chemical properties were investigated in marshes of the Momoge National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province, China. The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the marsh soil near the oil wells are significantly higher than those in the adjacent control marsh. Soil water contents in oil-contaminated marshes are negatively correlated with soil temperature and are significantly lower than those in the control area, especially in fall. Crude oil contamination significantly increases the soil pH up to 8.0, and reduces available phosphorus concentrations in the soil. The concentrations of total organic carbon are significantly different among sampling sites. Therefore, crude oil contamination could potentially alkalinize marsh soils, adversely affect soil fertility and physical properties, and cause deterioration of the marshes in the Momoge National Nature Reserve. Phyto-remediation by planting Calamagrostis angustifolia has the potential to simultaneously restore and remediate the petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated wetlands. Crude oil contamination affects the soil physical and chemical properties, so developing an effective restoration program in the Momoge wetland is neccesary.     

浅析中国中西部盆地煤系烃源岩成烃研究

烃源岩作为石油、天然气的母源 ,在油气地质研究和油气勘探中占有相当重的位置。伴随着传统生油理论“源控论”的发展 ,煤系烃源岩的发展也得到广泛的关注 ,其研究内容也不断拓展。根据煤系烃源岩的有机质丰度及相关指标 ,指出煤系烃源岩可以成烃 ,只是作为未成熟—低成熟的向油气转化阶段 ,同时也能够在一定条件下成为具有工业性价值的煤系地层油气藏。中国西北部地区广泛存在煤系地层 ,同时也发现煤系有机质转化为烃类 ,对比西北部 ,中国中西部的含煤地层 ,存在构造的复杂因素 ,在转化过程中考虑的因素很多 ,因此在研究煤系地层的成烃作用时 ,必须慎重 ,结合综合指标才能判断     

甘蒙地区北山盆地群中口子盆地侏罗系烃源岩特征及评价

北山盆地群侏罗系是我国西北地区潜在的油气勘探新领域,为深化其石油地质认识,进一步明确资源潜力,优选北山盆地群中勘探程度相对较高的中口子盆地侏罗系为研究对象,以有机质丰度、类型及成熟度等有机地球化学分析数据为基础,分析了侏罗系烃源岩基础特征,并基于生物标志化合物资料,探讨了该区侏罗系烃源岩的有机质来源及沉积环境。结果表明,中口子盆地侏罗系烃源岩有机质丰度较高,生烃潜力较好,主要为中等-好烃源岩,干酪根类型以Ⅱ2型为主,生烃母质主要是陆源高等植物,主要形成于氧气量适中的弱氧化-弱还原古环境,靠近或位于凹陷中心的烃源岩形成环境还原性稍强,较有利于有机质保存。区内黑帐房凹陷烃源岩已经成熟,而南泉凹陷烃源岩主要为低熟。因此建议黑帐房凹陷中心或者临近中心区域,寻找保存条件好的油藏是取得下步油气勘探突破的重点。这些认识可供西北地区侏罗系沉积古环境和资源潜力研究时对比参考。     

Accumulation model and prediction of Miocene heavy oil distribution in Gulf of Suez Basin,Egypt

The Gulf of Suez Basin is a very mature and extremely prospective petroleum province.Many heavy oil fields have been found in the Basin, and such reserves are abundant.Characteristics and models of heavy oil are analyzed in this study based on tectonic, basin evolution, stratigraphic distribution and geochemical data. The best reservoirs of heavy oil are Miocene sandstone and limestone formations.Source rocks of hydrocarbon include deep limestone and shale of the Brown Limestone, the Thebes Formation and the Rudeis Formation. Thick evaporite rocks with rock salts and anhydrites deposited broadly throughout the basin are the most impor-tant regional seals, whereas Miocene shales are intraformational and regional seals that cover small areas.Heavy oil could be directly generated or densified during vertical migration along faults and reservoir accumulation. The heavy oil accumulation model is a mixed model that includes three mechanisms:fault dispersal, sulfocom-pound reactions and hydrocarbons generated from immature source rock.After analyzing the model and the dis-tribution of source rocks, reservoirs, heavy oil fields and structures, it is concluded that the potential heavy oil area is at the center of the basin.     

南海北部鱼类石油烃含量地理差异原因浅析

比较了南海北部海洋鱼类石油烃含量的地理差异,结果表明：被研究的5个海区中,广州湾海洋鱼类的石油烃含量明显高于北部湾（p＜0.05）和红海湾（P＜0．05）,该3个海区和珠江口明显高于台湾浅滩（p＜0.01）,其余的两两之间没有统计学差异（p＞0．05）。利用海洋环境质量调查和监测资料进行分析,说明这种地理分布特征与南海北部近岸海域的石油烃污染有直接关系。     

中国69个城市地下水挥发性卤代烃污染检测与特征研究

为了初步掌握中国主要城市地下水挥发性卤代烃污染状况和特征,在中国69个城市开展了地下水挥发性卤代烃污染检测与特征研究,采集地下水样品791组,采样井均为工农业生产和生活饮用水水井;依据US EPA 8260B检测方法,采用气相色谱/质谱联用分析仪器(P&T-GC/MS),分析和测试了氯仿、四氯化碳、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯和二氯甲烷等15种挥发性卤代烃的质量浓度。结果表明:在791组地下水样品中,有406组样品至少有一种挥发性卤代烃组分被检出,检出率为51.33%;各组分中,氯仿的检出率最高,为20.35%,其他组分的检出率为0.25%～5.06%;氯乙烯在所有样品中均未检出;有13组样品的单项组分超标,超标率为1.64%;超标率由高到低分别为四氯化碳(0.76%)、氯仿(0.25%)、1,2-二氯乙烷(0.25%)、三氯乙烯(0.13%)、1,1,2-三氯乙烷(0.13%)、1,2-二氯丙烷(0.13%);超标井均为非供水水源地水井。检测与研究结果表明:中国主要城市地下水挥发性卤代烃污染物检出率较高,检测的69个城市中71%的城市至少有一种挥发性卤代烃被检出,且潜水的检出率高于承压水,但总体超标率较低。     

Petroleum geological framework and hydrocarbon potential in the Yellow Sea

Sedimentary basins in the Yellow Sea can be grouped tectonically into the North Yellow Sea Basin (NYSB), the northern basin of the South Yellow Sea (SYSNB) and the southern basin of the South Yellow Sea (SYSSB). The NYSB is connected to Anju Basin to the east. The SYSSB extends to Subei Basin to the west. The acoustic basement of basins in the North Yellow Sea and South Yellow Sea is disparate, having different stratigraphic evolution and oil accumulation features, even though they have been under the same stress regime since the Late Triassic. The acoustic basement of the NYSB features China-Korea Platform crystalline rocks, whereas those in the SYSNB and SYSSB are of the Paleozoic Yangtze Platform sedimentary layers or metamorphic rocks. Since the Late Mesozoic terrestrial strata in the eastern of the NYSB (West Korea Bay Basin) were discovered having industrial hydrocarbon accumulation, the oil potential in the Mesozoic strata in the west depression of the basin could be promising, although the petroleum exploration in the South Yellow Sea has made no break-through yet. New deep reflection data and several drilling wells have indicated the source rock of the Mesozoic in the basins of South Yellow Sea, and the Paleozoic platform marine facies in the SYSSB and Central Rise could be the other hosts of oil or natural gas. The Mesozoic hydrocarbon could be found in the Mesozoic of the foredeep basin in the SYSNB that bears potential hydrocarbon in thick Cretaceous strata, and so does the SYSSB where the same petroleum system exists to that of oil-bearing Subei Basin.     

Current Situation and Application in Coal- Generated Hydrocarbons

The characteristics and research methods of terrigenous organic hydrocarbon - generated source rock in coal measures are studied in this thesis. After abundance of organic matters, pyrolysis parameter of rocks and hydrocarbon generated capacity of macerals are basically discussed in coal measures of the Cretaceous Muleng- Chengzihe formation in Suibin depression in Sanjang basin, the hydrocarbon generated grade in coal- generated source rock is ascertained in this depression. At last, we think that it is a main attack prospect in coal - generated hydrocarbons study in the future to research the macerals of coal measures organic source rock and to build a criterion to classify the coal- generated hydrocarbons in Northeast region.     

崖城气田底栖动物中2种重金属及石油烃残毒量初步分析

根据2009年和2010年的调查资料,对崖城气田附近海域底栖动物污染物含量现状进行分析与评价。结果表明,2009年到2010年该气田附近生物体内污染物含量变化不明显,底栖动物未严重受到重金属和石油烃污染,该区域底栖动物各类群的生物质量状况良好,气田的开发活动对附近海区影响相对较小。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部延长组下组合流体包裹体特征和油气充注期次

通过对储层成岩作用、流体包裹体岩相学和孔隙沥青特征的分析,在烃包裹体期次划分的基础上,结合流体包裹体均一温度特征、烃源岩热演化史、地层埋藏史和储层成岩史,确定了鄂尔多斯盆地中部延长组下组合油气充注期次。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地中部延长组长8段和长9段致密储层主要发育压实、胶结、交代和溶解4种成岩作用,自生矿物主要为绿泥石、石英胶结物、长石胶结物和方解石胶结物。根据包裹体宿主矿物形成序列,识别出3期烃包裹体。第一期烃包裹体分布在石英愈合缝、石英次生加大边和充填孔隙的石英胶结物中,少数低成熟的黄色荧光烃包裹体及黑色荧光沥青包裹体代表了烃源岩进入生烃门限后排出的少量烃类充注,多数成熟度较高的蓝色、蓝白色荧光烃包裹体代表了生烃高峰期大量烃类充注;第二期烃包裹体分布在长石胶结物中,数量较少,显示蓝色和蓝白色荧光,在溶蚀孔隙周围或沿解理分布,呈短柱状,边界平直;第三期烃包裹体分布在方解石胶结物中,呈孤立或零星分布,形状近六边形;后两期烃包裹体均是在烃类充注结束后捕获孔隙中烃类形成的。研究区延长组长8段和长9段经历了晚侏罗世末期至早白垩世末期的一期烃类持续充注。     

塔中地区早古生代单源三位油气成藏体系

以油气成藏体系先进理论为指导,对塔里木盆地塔中地区下古生界油气成藏条件进行了研究。发现塔中地区早古生代成藏体系的油气来源于塔中北坡的烃源岩,油气沿不整合面和志留系砂岩作侧向运移,再沿断裂向上运移,最后在适合油气聚集的场所成藏。结果表明,塔中早古生代成藏体系的烃源岩、输导体系和圈闭均为分离状,油气来源单一,为塔中早古生代单源三位成藏体系。     

Photochemical degradation of crude oil in seawater

1 INTRODUCTION Marine photochemistry is a newly developed subject in marine sciences. Photochemical degrada- tion is important in decomposing and removing various organic contaminants in oceans (Ali et al., 1995a, b; Yang, 2000; Yang and Qi, 2002; 2003). …     

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

Through petroleum exploration of 20 years, a new petroleum production area has been constructed in Hailar Basin. Their petroleum geological characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution has been known in detail. The Hailar Basin is a basin group consisted of many scattered sub-basins with similar structural developed history. Each sub-basin has unique hydrocarbon distributing rules, including (1) oil/gas reservoir distribution is controlled by the oil/gas sag, and the oil/gas bearing in big sag is rich; (2) underwater fan and turbidity fan are the most favorable reservoirs; structure zone controlled by main fault is favorable zone of forming composite oil/gas accumulation; (3) lower fault-block in higher rise and higher fault-block in lower rise are favorable to oil/gas accumulation; (4) deep fault and granite body are closely related to oil/gas reservoir, its distributing area is favorable area of oil and mantle source non-hydrocarbon gas formation;(5) higher geothermal area is favorable oil/gas bearing area.     

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

1IntroductionHailar Basin is located in the eastern part of In-ner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, with the area of 44 210 km2 (Fig.1).Fig.1SketchmapshowingthelocationofHailarBasinThe Hailar Basin is neither different from the foreland basin of west pa…     

准噶尔盆地腹部断裂和不整合面流体活动特征对比

断裂和不整合面是油气流体运移的良好通道,但对其流体活动特征的差异研究却不甚深入。以准噶尔盆地腹部地区为例,主要从流体活动的矿物岩石学记录入手,对断裂和不整合面的流体活动特征进行了对比研究。结果表明,断裂带流体活动复杂,在活动期均是油气流体运移的良好通道,并呈现出“幕式”特征,流体来源以深源含油气流体与大气降水影响为主。相比而言,不整合面之上流体来源较为单一,主要是含油气流体,而不整合面之下与断裂带地区类似,受到深源含油气流体与大气降水的复合影响。总体而言,断裂带流体活动强度要比不整合面上下的储层更强,断裂与不整合面纵横交叉之处是油气流体活动的有利通道,距不整合面越远,其流体活动强度越弱。这些认识可为区域油气勘探提供科学依据,也可供国内外同类研究类比参考。      

Accumulation conditions of outside source heavy oil in NepaBotuoba Sub-basin,Russia and prediction of distribution

In terms of tectonic evolution and petroleum geological conditions of the Nepa-Botuoba Sub-basin and its adjacent sub-basins,the accumulation conditions of the heavy oil were analyzed. The studied area had plenty of oil and gas accumulation,but there were no developed source rocks. It is a typical outside source accumulation,whose origins from thick high-quality source rock deposited in the adjacent sub-basins. The shallow layer has favorable heavy oil reservoir conditions and poor sealing conditions,which benefits the thickening of hydrocarbon. The multi-periods of structural compression not only uplifted the studied area drastically,but also created a series of fault zones and large-scale slope belt. The structural compression also provided channel and sufficient power for migration of hydrocarbon to shallow layers. Based on these conditions,the favorable accumulation zone of heavy oil was predicted,which provided direction for heavy oil exploration in Nepa-Botuoba Subbasin.