InSAR相位干涉图滤波方法研究

合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)中相位干涉图的质量是决定干涉测量精度的关键因素之一。在其他影响因素确定的情况下,干涉图滤波是提高干涉图质量的有效手段。介绍多视数均值滤波与基于梯度的自适应滤波,分析其优缺点,在此基础上,探讨这两种滤波相结合的综合滤波方案,提出直接对InSAR相位干涉图的实部和虚部进行综合滤波的方法,给出具体流程图。最后,通过对实际SAR数据的处理验证所提出的滤波方法抑噪效果明显,且能很好地保持相位干涉图的边缘信息。     

一种使用剪切波变换的干涉图滤波算法

干涉图小波阈值法滤波未考虑干涉相位统计特性, 导致在低相干区域得到的滤波效果不能令人满意。针对这一问题, 提出了一种剪切波变换与干涉相位标准差相结合的相位滤波算法。该算法将干涉相位统计特性与剪切波阈值滤波结合起来, 利用相位标准差改正滤波阈值以提高滤波效果。此外, 为了评价干涉图的滤波效果并为实测数据选择合适的滤波方法提供参考, 将模拟干涉图解缠结果的局部均方差分布作为滤波质量评价指标。将此算法与Goldstein滤波、小波滤波、最优方向融合滤波和剪切波软阈值滤波进行比较, 结果表明所提算法能更有效地削弱干涉图噪声, 同时保留干涉图的细节信息, 避免了低相干地区弱滤波问题。     

小波-维纳组合滤波算法及其在InSAR干涉图去噪中的应用

为了提高InSAR干涉图的滤波质量,在分析小波变换和维纳滤波各自优势的基础上,提出并构造了一种小波-维纳组合滤波器,实现了相应的滤波算法并开发了一套计算程序.为验证该算法的功效,选取美国Phoenix局部地区作为实验区域,使用ERS-1/2 C波段干涉图作为滤波原数据,以视觉效果、相位导数标准偏差、奇异点个数以及数字高程模型精度作为评价指标,并与其他两种典型滤波算法即小波软阈值法和Goldstein法进行了比较,证实了小波-维纳组合滤波算法在干涉图去噪、保护边缘信息和精度等方面具有明显的优势.     

一种基于小波变换的InSAR干涉图滤波方法

提出一种基于小波变换的InSAR干涉图滤波算法,此算法先用小波变换对干涉图数据做多级分解,得到图像的多级近似部分系数和3个(水平、垂直、对角线)方向的细节部分系数,然后分别对每一级各个方向的细节部分系数检测其是否为对应方向的边缘,对边缘处的系数根据边缘的方向不同,用不同的方向模板平滑后,再中值滤波;对非边缘处的系数直接中值滤波。用真实的InSAR干涉图实验结果证明此方法具有较好的滤波效果。     

小波包滤波技术在干涉纹图中的应用研究

干涉纹图滤波是成功应用InSAR技术的关键,为了提高小波域干涉纹图滤波性能,本文将小波包滤波应用于InSAR干涉纹图滤波,论述了图像小波包分析理论,给出了干涉纹图小波包滤波关键步骤,并将其应用于卫星图像实验。实验表明:小波包InSAR干涉纹图滤波具有很好的滤波性能,本文提出的滤波方法能提高InSAR技术的滤波效果。     

一种基于小波相位分析的InSAR干涉图滤波算法

为了提高InSAR干涉图的滤波质量,本文在考虑干涉信号在同一尺度内具有相关性的基础上,提出并实现了一种基于小波相位分析的干涉图滤波算法.为检验算法的有效性,选取美国Phoenix地区高信噪比和伊朗Bam地区低信噪比两个真实C波段干涉图进行了滤波实验,通过与中值滤波算法、小波-中值滤波算法比较,证实了小波相位滤波算法是有效的且具有一定的优势.研究表明,不论是高信噪比干涉图还是低信噪比干涉图,小波相位滤波算法都能有效抑制其噪声.     

InSAR干涉图的零中频矢量滤波算法

提出一合成孔径雷达干涉测量干涉图的滤波方法。该方法引入无线电技术中的零中频技术,将干涉图由高的中心频率变为零中频信号,再将信号分解至矢量空间中的两路正交信号,得到正弦支路信号和余弦支路信号,并分别进行低通滤波处理,最后根据滤波后的两路正交信号计算出滤波后的零中频干涉图,并恢复干涉图的原始频率,得到原始干涉图的滤波结果。实验结果表明:该方法滤波效果较好,能够解决干涉图条纹密集时滤波处理困难、效果较差的问题。     

一种改进的Goldstein InSAR干涉图滤波算法

提出了一种抑制InSAR干涉图噪声并保持干涉图条纹细节的算法,该算法改进了Goldstein滤波的参数α,将干涉图的相位标准偏差函数模型作为参数。相位标准偏差是相位噪声的体现,以干涉图的相位噪声强弱来决定滤波的强弱,噪声强的局部区域强滤波,噪声弱的局部区域弱滤波。实验结果表明,此方法改善了滤波效果,增强了滤波的局部自适应性和条纹细节的保真性。     

基于小波变换和中值滤波的InSAR干涉图像滤波方法

介绍小波分析的基本理论和利用小波分析对信号进行消除噪声的基本方法,以及In-SAR干涉相位图像中噪声的特点.针对目前普遍采用的均值滤波和中值滤波等方法对In-SAR干涉相位图像中噪声进行滤波的局限性,提出一种基于小波分析和中值滤波相结合的InSAR干涉相位图滤波算法以改善滤波效果.实验证明该算法的有效性.     

基于自适应中心加权中值和Goldstein的InSAR干涉图强噪声滤波方法

针对现有的滤波方法在处理强噪声干涉图时的不足,提出一种基于自适应中心加权中值和Goldstein的两步干涉图滤波方法。试验结果表明,构造的针对强噪声干涉图的两步滤波法在滤除噪音的同时,可以很好地保存干涉图的条纹信息。与经典的Goldstein方法相比,新方法的滤波效果可以提高22.4%和43.6%。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。