三峡库区秭归县棺木岭危岩体发育特征及成因机制探讨

棺木岭危岩体为三峡库区新发现的崩塌隐患点,呈不规则塔柱状,平均高约50 m,宽约50 m,厚约20 m,体积约5×104m3。本文基于野外地质调查,在分析棺木岭危岩体发育特征及形成原因的基础上,对其形成机制及可能破坏模式进行初步研究。调查和分析表明:陡峻地形、上硬下软的岩体介质结构、构造裂隙切割是危岩形成的主要原因,水库蓄水和降雨是危岩体破坏的外在激发因素,尤其是库水位周期性涨落加剧了基座岩体的破坏,加速了危岩体形成演化;其成因机制为下伏软弱基座在上覆硬岩巨大自重荷载作用下压裂破坏,引起山体变形开裂形成,危岩体可能破坏模式为倾倒破坏或座滑破坏;其形成演化过程可以分为以下4个阶段:卸荷裂隙形成阶段、软弱基座差异沉降与裂隙扩展阶段、水库蓄水加剧裂隙贯通与基座岩体碎裂化阶段、崩塌与堆积阶段。     

可可托海水电站崩塌灾害发育特征及形成机制分析

在对可可托海水电站地形地貌、气象水文、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件以及工程地质条件等分析的基础上,对该研究区崩塌灾害的分布特征、发育特征以及形成机制进行了分析。研究结果表明:研究区崩塌灾害主要分布于额尔齐斯河左岸的山体陡倾边坡,共分布有27个典型危岩体;崩塌类型岩质崩塌(隐患)为滑移式及倾倒式,崩塌规模均为中-小型;影响因素主要包括地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、风化、降水和融雪、地震及人类工程活动等。     

可可托海水电站崩塌灾害发育特征及形成机制分析

在对可可托海水电站地形地貌、气象水文、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件以及工程地质条件等分析的基础上,对该研究区崩塌灾害的分布特征、发育特征以及形成机制进行了分析。研究结果表明:研究区崩塌灾害主要分布于额尔齐斯河左岸的山体陡倾边坡,共分布有27个典型危岩体;崩塌类型岩质崩塌(隐患)为滑移式及倾倒式,崩塌规模均为中-小型;影响因素主要包括地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、风化、降水和融雪、地震及人类工程活动等。     

大型厚层崩滑体运动特征模拟研究:以重庆武隆县羊角场镇大巷危岩为例

高速远程滑坡-碎屑流是大型危岩体失稳破坏的主要成灾模式之一,它具有启动速度快、运动距离远、覆盖范围广的特点,具有极强破坏性,预测分析大型危岩体的运动特征具有重要的研究意义。文中选取重庆武隆县羊角场镇大巷危岩为研究对象,通过调查危岩体所处的地质地貌条件和危岩体发育特征,分析总结其潜在失稳模式和失稳后运动过程,利用DAN3D动力分析软件,参考鸡尾山滑坡反演分析的流变模型和参数,对危岩失稳后形成滑坡-碎屑流的运动学特征进行预测分析。模拟结果表明:(1)大巷危岩失稳后运动过程可分为启动、偏转抛出、碰撞铲刮和远程堆积4个阶段,运动时间约为220s,形成滑坡-碎屑流的滑程为2 500m;(2)大巷危岩滑体方量530×104 m3,滑后堆积体方量790×104 m3,堆积体水平长约1 680m,平均厚度约为6m,铲刮最大厚度为8m,碎屑流运动过程中最大速度为60m/s;(3)碎屑流可穿过羊角场镇城区抵达乌江,说明羊角场镇城区在大巷危岩的危害范围内;(4)文中的模拟计算结果可为高速远程滑坡-碎屑流的危险性定量评价研究提供依据。     

大新乡场镇危岩稳定性研究及其防治措施

危岩体是工程地质最具特色的问题之一,对危岩体变形发育特征、稳定性及防治对策的研究成为了国内外工程地质领域的研究热点与难点。以大新乡场镇危岩体为工程实例,在对形成危岩体的区域地质环境进行详细分析基础上,系统地研究了危岩体的变形发育特征、稳定性计算方法以及危岩崩塌工程防治对策等。     

青川县大院乡董家危岩体的成因机制与破坏模式

从斜坡地貌演化、地质结构和变形特征研究董家危岩体的成因机制及破坏模式。结果表明,其危岩体是下部基座蠕变和上部灰岩倾倒拉裂所致,以倾倒式破坏为主,也可发生滑移式和坠落式破坏。     

河北阜平县石滩地村危岩体变形破坏模式及稳定性分析

石滩地危岩体自20世纪20年代开始变形以来,于2016年7月19日再次发生崩塌灾害,坡体危岩体变形具有加剧的趋势,严重威胁坡脚处石滩地村安全。基于野外调查和勘测,结合已有资料,研究了石滩地危岩体变形破坏模式及稳定性。研究结果表明:石滩地村西侧危岩体变形范围大,可划分为三个危岩体区及7个危岩体带。危岩体崩塌破坏模式表现为滑移式、倾倒式、坠落式三种类型,其中南部、中部危岩体以倾倒、坠落式破坏为主,北部危岩体以滑移式为主。天然状态下危岩体处于基本稳定状态;当遭遇强降雨或地震时,危岩体处于不稳定或欠稳定状态,易发生崩塌灾害,相比于中、北部危岩体,南部危岩体更易发生崩塌。     

重庆南川甑子岩山体崩塌机制研究

本文以重庆南川甑子岩崩塌为例,对近水平厚层状高陡灰岩山体座落滑移式崩塌机制进行研究,通过工程地质分析揭示了甑子岩危岩崩塌的成因机制,利用数值模拟开展了初始变形破坏的研究。研究认为,甑子岩崩塌是自然条件下形成发育、受岩溶风化与人类工程活动影响所产生的大型危岩体崩塌。岩体中多组大型陡倾节理发育,卸荷作用下在陡崖边缘形成张拉裂隙,地下水长期溶蚀使裂隙连通率不断增大,地下采空加速软弱基座破坏、危岩体变形。随着裂隙的贯通,软弱基座内部应力累积,应变逐渐增大,当超过岩体强度时发生圆弧形剪切滑移破坏,导致柱状危岩体座落崩塌。     

吐鲁番市葡萄沟景区崩塌地质灾害变形破坏模式研究

在对新疆吐鲁番市葡萄沟景区野外实地调查的基础上,同时结合研究区自然地理概况和地质条件的分析,以研究区内发育的29处崩塌危岩体(带)地质灾害点作为研究对象,对区内崩塌危岩体(带)地质灾害的孕灾条件、变形破坏模式以及主要影响因素等内容进行分析和评价。研究结果表明:葡萄沟景区内重要灾害点危岩体变形破坏模式主要划分为倾倒式、坠落式和滑移式等三种类型,而影响危岩体(带)的主要控制因素是卸荷裂隙和风化裂隙,主要诱发因素为暴雨、地震和人工切坡。     

廖家岩危岩体形成机制及稳定性分析

汶川"5.12"地震后,廖家岩山体出现多组裂隙形成危岩带,并时常发生崩落,严重威胁当地居民生命财产安全。通过现场勘查,危岩带主要分为三个危岩体,本文着重分析了危岩体的形成条件及破坏模式,并分别对各种破坏模式进行了稳定性计算,最后评价了危岩体的稳定性。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with