菏泽5．9级地震前震源附近及外围区应力场的某些变化

以格点尝试法求解的小区域平均震源机制解资料，研究了１９８３年菏泽５．９级地震前、后震源附近及其外围不同区域应力场的变化，发现震前震中附近约３°×３°范围内小震应力场有异常变化，开始出现时间为震前５－６年。主要表现为主压应力轴Ｐ轴向大区域应力场方向“集中”继而“转向”、恢复－发震的变化过程，主张应力轴Ｔ轴仰角和矛盾符号比也出现时间上大体同步的变化，且震源附近与外围区变化特点不同。反映了震源附近复杂的物理过程及源区与场区应力场的动态变化差异。     

根据水系格局探讨海南岛第四纪构造应力场

利用水系格局分析方法,对海南岛河谷走向进行统计的结果表明,本区第四纪构造应力场的主压应力轴方位为NW294.3±4.3°。这与地震影响场构造效应或震源机制解方法得出本区现代构造应力场的主压应力轴方位为NW300°的数据基本吻合。说明海南岛现代构造应力场与第四纪构造应力场之间具有明显的继承性。     

用震源机制解确定东北地区地壳应力场

利用中、强震震源机制资料和区域小震平均解给出了中国东北地区地壳应力场的分布。由多个震源机制的平均结果得到,东北南部地区(42°30’以南)主压应力方向为NE70°。东北中部地区(吉林省和黑龙江省东南部)主压应力方向近似NE100°,它与深源地震震源机制解P轴一致,可能该区应力场分布受深源地震影响,东北北部地区(黑龙江省和内蒙北部)主压应力方向为NE58°。东北地区浅源地震震源机制解P轴仰角大多数小于30°,表明该区以水平应力为主。由震源机制结果也讨论了中国东北地区地震断层活动状况。     

1976年龙陵震群的小震震源机制

本由区域台网地震波资料，反演得到１９７６年运动龙陵地震群６０２个中小地震的震源机制解，中对机制解的各参数进行了分析和系统聚类。结果表明：小震机制解的优势取向和主要类型与序列中的大地震震源机制一致。反演得到震源区应力场方向为：最大压应力主轴方位１９５°，仰角５°；中等压应力主轴方位３１４°，仰角７９°；最小压应力主轴方位１０４°，仰角１０°。这与其它资料给出的结果相符，虽然区域应力场的平均方向比     

滇西地震预报实验场场区水平形变分析

利用场区各种类型水平形变网数据，求得红河断裂中、北段的区域应力场基本特征是：（１）北区为张性左旋型，（２）中区为压性右旋型，（３）南区为张性右旋型。场区区域应力场基本以张性为主，中区的压性右旋型恰好反映转换区应力场的局部特征。北区主应变积累和速率比南区大，最大处在剑川，而高敏感区在后山定西岭。     

由震源机制解推断苏鲁皖豫地区的现代构造应力场

根据1973—1979年苏、鲁、皖、豫地区37个中小地震(M=2.1—6.0)震源机制结果的统计分析,得到地震应力场的优势分布:主压应力轴约76°,主张应力轴约344°。表明本区处于北东东向水平压应力和北北西向水平张应力的现代构造应力场作用之中。结合部分中小地震等震线长轴方向及晚第三纪以来断裂走向的优势分布均为北北东向这一特点,推测现今地震破裂具有继承性。最后讨论了本区现代构造应力场与其北部和南部的不同关系     

武定6.5级地震序列震源机制

由地震Ｐ波初动符号资料，求解得到１９９５年１０月２４日武定６．５级地震序主震及２１外强余震的震源机制解。主震的两个节面走向分别为北西西向，倾向ＮＮＥ，倾角７０°；另一个节面走向为北北东，倾向Ｗ，倾角７７°；等效释放应力场主压力力方位为３２４°，仰角２４°。表明与区域应力场基本一致的主要震震源应力场及发震断裂控制着整个序列的地震活动。     

渤海海峡及邻区现代小震震源机制解分析

以震源机制解资料推演并分析了渤海海峡及其周围地区现代构造应力场的总体特征、分区差异及地震破裂性质。认为构造应力场在某些局部与大区域之间有一定差异,而主张应力轴方位参数一致性稍好些,约在３３０°～３６０°之间,取向为北北西;构造应力场存在分区差异,尤以南北纵向差异明显;由于研究区内包含了地质构造和新构造活动性质各异的多个构造单元,地震破裂方向一致性较差     

中国云南地区上地幔地震各向异性

本文分析云南地区中周期ＳＫＳ偏振，得出观测台附近上地幔Ｓ波快速方向和分裂时间为：昆明，８５°，１．０秒；洱源，８９°，１．０秒；腾冲，１６５°，０．７秒；昭通１６７°，０．９秒。按上地幔地震各向异性是应力作用下矿物优势取向所致的观点，腾冲和昭通的各向异性观测与现代应力场作用相符。但昆明和洱源的观测与现代应力场作用矛盾，它可能是古生代至中生代间攀西裂谷张裂时期，地幔物质流动引起矿物有序排列的结果。     

丽江地震序列的震源机制,发震应力场和破裂特征

丽江７．０级地震震区位于我国西南地区现代构造应力场空间分布的复杂地区，区域应力场主压应力优势方位为南南东。震区位于可能受到多种构造动力源作用的特定构造运动环境中。获得了主震和２２个ＭＬ≥４．０级余震的震源机制Ｐ波初动解，分析表明，主震发震应力场为北３°东，与震区区域应力场主压应力优势方位有一个小角度的偏差。主震的发震应力不仅有水平应力的作用，同时还有显的垂直应力的作用。在余震序列发展中震区呈现出     

三维直流电阻率有限元-无限元耦合数值模拟

为解决传统有限元截断边界所引起的问题,本文提出了一种新的三维直流电阻率有限元-无限元耦合数值模拟方法.首先推导了无限元三维单元映射函数,然后提出了一种全新的最优的无限元形函数并与多种其他形函数进行了对比,随后将其与非结构化四面体有限元相结合,取代了传统的混合边界条件,使得电位在无限域内连续并在无限远处衰减为零,最终形成的左端矩阵稀疏对称并与场源位置无关.数值计算表明,该方法可以在近似测区大小的计算范围内得到与混合边界条件相当的计算精度,优于相同计算范围下齐次边界条件的解,有利于减少计算节点数;由于左端矩阵不随场源位置改变,有利于加速反演计算.     

Seismic soil–structure interaction of massive flexible strip-foundations embedded in layered soils by hybrid BEM–FEM

A study on the seismic response of massive flexible strip-foundations embedded in layered soils and subjected to seismic excitation is presented. Emphasis is placed on the investigation of the system response with the aid of a boundary element–finite element formulation proper for the treatment of such soil–structure interaction problems. In the formulation, the boundary element method (BEM) is employed to overcome the difficulties that arise from modeling the infinite soil domain, and the finite element method (FEM) is applied to model the embedded massive flexible strip-foundation. The numerical solution for the soil–foundation system is obtained by coupling the FEM with the BEM through compatibility and equilibrium conditions at the soil–foundation and soil layer interfaces. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of foundation stiffness and embedment on the seismic response.     

Analytical and numerical analysis of pressure drawdown in a poroelastic reservoir with complete overburden effect considered

Starting from an analytical reservoir model that incorporates full interaction with an elastic overburden, a new hybrid mathematical approach is developed by combining two numerical discretization methods. A tabular reservoir (petroleum reservoir or an aquifer) in an infinite or semi-infinite domain is viewed as a macroscopic displacement discontinuity, allowing use of the efficient displacement discontinuity mathematical method to calculate stresses and displacements that arise because of pressure changes. A 3-D finite element method using a poroelastic formulation is used to discretize the reservoir itself. By coupling the displacement discontinuity and finite element methods, a 3-D large-scale poroelastic reservoir can be simulated within an infinite or semi-infinite domain. The numerical model has been verified through comparison to known solutions, and some time-dependent pressure drawdown problems are analyzed. Results indicate that including the complete overburden (reservoir surroundings) response has a significant effect on pressure drawdown in a poroelastic reservoir during pumping, and should be incorporated in appropriate applications such as well test equations and subsidence analyses.     

无限元法在深覆盖层土石坝动力分析中的应用

以复杂地质条件的西藏高原地区旁多水电站实际工程为背景,探讨了有限元法与无限元法在深覆盖层悬挂式防渗墙土石坝结构非线性动力分析中的差异,分析和比较了无限元法和有限元法在西藏高原旁多水电站土石坝结构三维模型地震动响应的计算结果,验证了引入无限元法模拟西藏高原地区地基中复杂地质条件下的无限域或半无限域问题的可靠性和精确性。结果表明:在西藏高原地区复杂地质条件下,无限元法相比有限元法能量弥散现象较为明显。通过分析得到了西藏高原具有深覆盖层坝体结构地震动响应的规律性分析结果,为无限元法在西藏高原地区此类工程中的应用提供参考。     

饱和多孔介质三维时域黏弹性人工边界与动力反应分析的显式有限元法

本文基于Biot的饱和多孔介质本构方程,考察具有辐射阻尼的外行球面波,推导了饱和多孔介质三维黏弹性人工边界的法向和切向边界方程;在已有的饱和多孔介质二维显式有限元数值计算方法基础上,提出该理论的三维方法,并开发了实现该三维方法的有限元程序.算例表明饱和多孔介质三维时域黏弹性人工边界与动力反应分析的显式有限元法具有较好的精度和稳定性.     

地下隧道-土体系地震反应分析的有限元与无限元耦合法

本文采用有限元－无限元耦合法进行地下隧道－土相作用分析,阐述了有无限与无限元耦合模式的基本原理,耦合分析方法具有精度高,省机时的特点。     

透射边界高频耦合失稳机理及稳定实现——SH波动

就大型近场波动的高效数值模拟而言,稳定实现高阶人工边界是一个尚未圆满解决的问题.本文针对使用多次透射公式的SH波动集中质量有限元模拟,依据GKS定理的群速度解释,进一步阐明了人工边界与内域离散格式耦合所导致高频失稳的机理,即两者支持群速度指向内域的外行高频平面谐波,波动能量自发地从人工边界进入內域,从而导致失稳,而这类谐波是由集中质量有限元离散引入的.本文提出了消除此种耦合失稳的一种方法:通过修改有限元刚度阵来改变内域离散格式,并保证修改格式的精度不低于原有格式的精度.理论分析和数值实验表明此法能稳定实现透射边界.本文研究结果具有推广应用前景.     

2.5D direct‐current resistivity forward modelling and inversion by finite‐element–infinite‐element coupled method

To reduce the numerical errors arising from the improper enforcement of the artificial boundary conditions on the distant surface that encloses the underground part of the subsurface, we present a finite‐element–infinite‐element coupled method to significantly reduce the computation time and memory cost in the 2.5D direct‐current resistivity inversion. We first present the boundary value problem of the secondary potential. Then, a new type of infinite element is analysed and applied to replace the conventionally used mixed boundary condition on the distant boundary. In the internal domain, a standard finite‐element method is used to derive the final system of linear equations. With a novel shape function for infinite elements at the subsurface boundary, the final system matrix is sparse, symmetric, and independent of source electrodes. Through lower upper decomposition, the multi‐pole potentials can be swiftly obtained by simple back‐substitutions. We embed the newly developed forward solution to the inversion procedure. To compute the sensitivity matrix, we adopt the efficient adjoint equation approach to further reduce the computation cost. Finally, several synthetic examples are tested to show the efficiency of inversion.     

基于高阶双渐近透射边界的大坝-库水动力相互作用直接耦合分析模型

高阶双渐近时域透射边界能够同时模拟行波和快衰波的传播,并且能够在全频范围内迅速逼近准确解,具有优良的收敛性能和计算效率.本文将动水压力波高阶双渐近透射边界直接嵌入到近场有限元方程中,建立了大坝-库水动力相互作用的直接耦合分析模型.该模型的整体控制方程保留了近场有限元方程系数矩阵对称稀疏的优势,可以方便地利用现有的通用有限元求解器求解.基于有限元开源软件框架体系OpenSees（Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation）,编程实现了直接耦合分析模型,并将其应用于二维重力坝、三维拱坝与库水动力相互作用分析.数值算例表明,该直接耦合分析模型具有很高的精度和计算效率.     

Soil–structure interaction in resonant railway bridges

This paper explores dynamic soil–bridge interaction in high speed railway lines. The analysis was conducted using a general and fully three-dimensional multi-body finite element–boundary element model formulated in the time domain to predict vibrations caused by trains passing over the bridge. The vehicle was modelled as a multi-body system, the track and the bridge were modelled using finite elements and the soil was considered as a half-space by the boundary element method. The dynamic response of bridges to vehicle passage is usually studied using moving force and moving mass models. However, the multi-body system allows to consider the quasi-static and dynamic excitation mechanisms. Soil–structure interaction was taken into account by coupling finite elements and boundary elements. The paper presents the results obtained for a simply supported short span bridge in a resonant regime under different soil stiffness conditions.