三层层状介质中的多导波模式及其频散和位移特征

采用传递矩阵法求解三层均匀各向同性的层状弹性固体介质中瑞利波频散曲线及自由表面的垂直位移强度，对不同情形下多导波模式的频散曲线和位移曲线特征进行了理论和数值模拟研究。声源中心频率变化时的计算结果表明，位移的激发强度与声波的频率存在密切的关系；数值模拟结果表明，在不同模型情况下接收到的导波模式是不同的。因此，在对野外勘探中，震源频率的选择和资料解释应引起注意。     

地层中存在裂缝情况下的瑞利导波频散特征

弹性波穿过裂缝时的情况比较复杂，目前还没有比较好的理论来描述这一问题。作者根据前人的研究经验，采用液体层来替代地层的裂缝结构，由此研究地层中存在裂缝情况下的瑞利导波频散特性。根据模拟计算结果发现，当地层中存在裂缝时，其瑞利导波频散曲线的基阶模式会出现截止或截断现象。这时，在实际应用过程中，在某些频率段接收到的信号为瑞利导波的高阶模式或泄漏波模式，接收信号中存在模式间的跳跃，实际频散曲线就会出现“之”字形现象。     

瑞利波泄漏模式及其"之"字形频散研究

针对地基模型中可能出现泄漏模式的几种情况，对瑞利波勘探中泄漏模式波的求取进行了模拟研究。通过添加附加层的方法，使实频散方程求解瑞利波相速度的范围包含了所有的层速度区域，从而用导波来模拟计算泄漏模式波。通过对七个模型的模拟结果来看，附加层法不仅能模拟出原模型的实数导波，而且还能反映其泄露模式波的变化。同时，通过对Ⅴr-λ曲线的正演计算，说明泄漏模式波的存在也是产生“之”字形的原因之一。     

Matlab环境下瑞利波有限差分正演与曲线绘制

以瑞利波频散方程为出发点的Abo-Zena传递矩阵等方法,只能研究层状介质中瑞利波的传播特性,对于非层状介质,传递矩阵无能为力。因此,不得不考虑有限元、有限差分等方法。根据弹性动力学方程,采用交错网格有限差分方法对均匀弹性半空间介质进行全波场模拟,并在Matlab环境下实现编程计算,再现了瑞利波在近地表的传播状态,实现了地震剖面曲线的正振幅充填问题,从而获得了类似野外地震勘探的剖面记录。模拟结果表明,采用一阶差分格式所得到的地震记录存在较严重的数值频散,在采用有限差分法研究瑞利波"之"字形成因时,须尽量压制数值频散现象,才能获得更接近实际情况的频散曲线。      

层状半空间中洞室对入射平面SV波的散射

利用间接边界元法,在频域内求解了层状弹性半空间中洞室对入射平面SV波的散射问题。通过自由场反应分析,求得假想洞室边界上各点位移和各单元应力响应。在洞室边界各个单元上施加虚拟分布荷载,求得位移和应力的格林函数。根据应力边界条件确定虚拟分布荷载,将自由场位移响应和虚拟分布荷载产生的位移响应叠加起来,即得到问题的解答。比较了层状半空间和均匀半空间中洞室对入射平面SV波的放大作用。结果表明,层状半空间情况有可能导致较大的地表位移幅值,尤其是对于较低频率入射波。     

工程地质中瑞利波法勘探的理论初探

本文以水平层状液体为模型，推导出瑞利面波的频散方程，进而作了多层介质的模型试算并绘出了瑞利波波速与波长的关系曲线。该曲线对应于弹性分界面上的异常特征与实测曲线的异常特征吻合，可用于说明层状介质中瑞利面波勘探的机制。文中还以理论模型试算结果为依据，对当前面波勘探中的半波长解释方法作了评述，并解释了固体层状介质中面波曲线的异常特征。     

半空间垂向非均匀复杂介质面波频散方程

根据工程勘察中的特殊要求,面波方法的理论和应用都要做进一步深入的研究和探讨。本文综合了半空间多层介质的弹性、粘滞性和各向异性三种主要因素,用有限元方法建立了这种复杂介质模式的面波频散方程,并对频散方程的主要特点进行了分析。本文讨论的内容有益于工程勘探中面波勘察技术方法的完善。     

横观各向同性凸起地形对平面qP-qSV波的散射

为研究横观各向同性(TI)介质的凸起地形对平面qP-qSV波的散射问题,采用间接边界元法进行数值模拟并且分别给出该问题在时域和频域内的解答。在求解过程中将计算模型分解为开口层状半空间域和闭合凸起域,同时将波场分解为自由波场和散射波场,自由波场可通过直接刚度法求得,散射波场由斜线荷载动力格林函数来模拟。频域结果表明,TI介质参数的改变导致了凸起和层状半空间动力特性的改变,进而导致了凸起与层状半空间动力相互作用机制的改变,使得不同TI介质参数对应的地表位移幅值显著不同。而时域结果表明,TI介质参数与波的传播方向均对qP波和qSV波的在凸起地形中的传播有着显著影响。另外,时域结果更为清晰的地展示入射波、反射波和散射波的传播过程。     

横观各向同性凸起地形对平面qP-qSV波的散射

为研究横观各向同性(TI)介质的凸起地形对平面qP-qSV波的散射问题,采用间接边界元法进行数值模拟并且分别给出该问题在时域和频域内的解答。在求解过程中将计算模型分解为开口层状半空间域和闭合凸起域,同时将波场分解为自由波场和散射波场,自由波场可通过直接刚度法求得,散射波场由斜线荷载动力格林函数来模拟。频域结果表明,TI介质参数的改变导致了凸起和层状半空间动力特性的改变,进而导致了凸起与层状半空间动力相互作用机制的改变,使得不同TI介质参数对应的地表位移幅值显著不同。而时域结果表明,TI介质参数与波的传播方向均对qP波和qSV波的在凸起地形中的传播有着显著影响。另外,时域结果更为清晰的地展示入射波、反射波和散射波的传播过程。     

工程地质中瑞利波法勘探的理论初探

本文以水平层状液体为模型,推导出瑞利面波的频散方程,进而作了多层介质的模型试算并绘出了瑞利波波速与波长的关系曲线.该曲线对应于弹性分界面上的异常特征与实测曲线的异常特征吻合,可用于说明层状介质中瑞利面波勘探的机制.文中还以理论模型试算结果为依据,对当前面波勘探中的半波长解释方法作了评述,并解释了固体层状介质中面波曲线的异常特征.     

Effect of irregularity on torsional surface waves in an initially stressed anisotropic porous layer sandwiched between homogeneous and non-homogeneous half-space

The present paper is concerned with the propagation of torsional surface waves in an initially stressed anisotropic porous layer sandwiched between homogeneous and non-homogeneous half-space. We assume the quadratic inhomogeneity in rigidity and density in the lower half-space and irregularity is taken in the form of rectangle at the interface separating the layer from the lower half-space. The dispersion equation for torsional waves has been obtained in a closed form. Velocity equation is also obtained in the absence of irregularity. The study reveals that the presence of irregularity, initial stress, porosity, inhomogeneity and anisotropy factor in the dispersion equation approves the significant effect of these parameters in the propagation of torsional waves in porous medium. It has also been observed that for a uniform media, the velocity equation reduces to the classical result of Love wave.     

Torsional surface waves in inhomogeneous elastic media

The dispersion of torsional surface waves in two types of inhomogeneous elastic media is discussed (1) in a half-space with shear modulus varying linearly with depth and with constant density (Gibson'S half-space) and (2) in a half-space with shear modulus varying with the square-root of the depth co-ordinate and with constant density. Inhomogeneous media with constant shear wave velocity are also reviewed and the obtained solutions are discussed in relation to appropriate boundary conditions.     

REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF SHEAR WAVES IN MONOCLINIC MEDIA

This paper deals with the propagation, reflection and transmission of shear waves in monoclinic media. The dispersion equation for a monoclinic layer overlying a monoclinic half-space has been obtained and curves are plotted. The amplitude ratios for both the reflected and transmitted waves due to reflection of shear waves at the interface of two monoclinic half-spaces have also been computed and the numerical results are presented graphically. The results are compared with the isotropic case. It has been observed that, in monoclinic media, the amplitude ratios for reflected and transmitted wave increases approximately by 25 and 50 per cent respectively, in comparison to the isotropic case. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三层层状介质中瑞利波的频散曲线特征

在前人工作的基础上对三层层状介质的瑞利波频散曲线进行了正演模拟研究,对假定的几组典型模型参数的频散曲线进行了认真分析。通过分析可知,各频散曲线之间是互不相交的,从而对此问题有了一个更清晰的认识。指出当低速软弱夹层存在时频散曲线的特点,并根据分析结果,说明"之"字形频散曲线的形成机理。     

Wave Method for multiple wave suppression without knowledge of a depth—velocity medium model

A wave method for suppression of multiple waves that does not require knowledge of a depth— velocity medium model is developed. The method is constructed so as to completely suppress multiple waves in the case of a layer in a half-space. The efficiency of the method for arbitrary 3D plane-layered media is demonstrated both theoretically and numerically. Examples of the method application for real media showing a substantial decrease in the multiple wave amplitudes without distortion of the dynamics of useful reflections are given.     

PROPAGATION OF TORSIONAL SURFACE WAVES IN A HOMOGENEOUS SUBSTRATUM OVER A HETEROGENEOUS HALF-SPACE

The paper discusses the propagation of torsional surface wave in a homogeneous substratum over a half-space with linearly varying rigidity and density. The study reveals that under assumed conditions, a torsional surface wave propagates in the medium. The velocities of torsional surface waves have been calculated numerically and are presented in a number of graphs. It is also observed that for a stratum over a homogeneous half-space, the velocity of torsional surface waves coincides with that of Love waves. For a non-homogeneous half-space it is observed that the velocity of torsional surface waves is always higher than that of Love waves propagated in a homogeneous layer over a homogeneous half-space. An attempt is also made to assess the possible propagation of torsional surface waves in a half-space with linearly varying rigidity and density, lacking a superficial layer. It is concluded that such a half-space allows two solutions for torsional waves while a homogeneous half-space has one.     

面波多模频散曲线的敏感性及特征分析

面波勘探现在已经被广泛应用于工程选址及地震安全评价等方面,但其大多是针对Rayleigh波的应用,对Love波的关注较少.针对面波信息中的两种主要成份Rayleigh波和Love波对速度递增模型和存在低速层模型进行多模频散曲线的敏感性和特征分析,得到了多模式波对半空间介质模型和多层介质的响应特征,而且还对其基模式波和高模式波在高频和低频上的速度趋势进行了分析,细化了高频时的多模式波的理论最低速,得出了一些具有普遍性的结论,并为面波信息的综合利用提供了有力支持.