遥感技术在冀西北地区地质灾害综合调查中的应用研究

详细叙述了不同地质灾害类型应选择的遥感图像种类和应采取的遥感技术方法，简要评述了遥感地质灾害调查成果，并强调指出遥感技术对地质灾害隐患区（段）的调查和对地质灾害动态变化的研究，对地质灾害防治具有很重要的实际价值。     

基于遥感的地质环境综合评价在矿山地质灾害调查中的应用——以广西某金矿区为例

文章介绍了采用遥感技术在广西某金矿地质灾害调查中的应用,证实了采用遥感技术进行地质环境综合评价是地质灾害调查中一种有效的手段。     

遥感在地质灾害研究中的应用

着重讨论了地质灾害遥感图象的解译标志,以及遥感技术在地质灾害调查、监测、评估中的应用.     

遥感技术在黄土高原区地质灾害详细调查中的应用

黄土高原区地质灾害频发,危害严重,在延安市宝塔区地质灾害详细调查试点中,选用高分辨率的Spot5和快鸟卫星(QuickBird)数据,进行了地质灾害解译与信息提取,获取了丰富的地质环境条件和地质灾害以及承载体信息,为开展地质灾害野外调查提供了基础资料,发挥了遥感技术的先导作用。笔者从遥感调查的内容、数据选择和处理、解译技术方法、地质灾害信息提取、解译及解译效果等方面论述了遥感技术在宝塔区地质灾害详细调查中的应用,认为该技术方法和本次所取得的经验可以在黄土高原区地质灾害详细调查中推广和应用。     

遥感技术在煤炭地质中的应用现状及前景

介绍了遥感技术在煤炭资源调查和评价、煤矿区地质灾害调查和评估、生态环境及污染调查评价和监测以及煤矿三维可视化仿真规划系统建设方面的应用研究现状及所取得的主要成果，并结合遥感技术的发展方向，展望了其在煤炭地质中的应用前景。     

地质灾害遥感调查的应用前景

地质灾害遥感调查正由示范性实验阶段步入全面推广的实用性阶段。遥感技术及与之相关的高新技术的飞速发展，已使地质灾害遥感调查成为可能。遥感技术可以贯穿于地质灾害调查、监测、预警、评估的全过程，能适应突发性地质灾害救灾工作的时效性要求，因而具有广阔的应用前景。     

遥感在地质灾害调查中的应用及前景探讨

遥感技术应用于地质灾害调查，可追溯到20世纪70年代末期。在国外，开展得较好的有日本、美国、欧共体等。日本利用遥感图像编制了全国1/5万地质灾害分布图；欧共体各国在大量滑坡、泥石流遥感调查基础上，对遥感技术方法作了系统总结，指出识别不同规模、不同亮度或对比度的滑坡和泥石流所需遥感图像的空间分辨率；遥感技术结合地     

多源遥感技术在降雨诱发勉县地质灾害调查中的应用

陕南秦巴山区地形地貌、地质构造和气候条件复杂，易发和频发滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害。由于该区地形高差大且植被覆盖率高，传统的人工地面调查排查在地质灾害的调查识别中难度较大，需借助先进的地质灾害监测识别技术方法。笔者综合采用光学遥感、合成孔径雷达干涉测量（Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, InSAR）和无人机航测等多种技术手段，对陕南勉县“8.22”强降雨诱发的地质灾害进行应急调查与识别分析，探索多源遥感技术对降雨诱发型地质灾害的识别能力与有效性。研究表明，多源遥感技术在强降雨诱发区域性地质灾害的识别和应急调查中能够发挥重要作用，可大大减少现场工作时间，并能提供全方位、多角度和可视化的高精度遥感成果；光学遥感、InSAR、无人机航测等技术具有各自的优势和识别范畴，仅靠单一的技术手段难以完全有效地解决灾害隐患识别问题，建立一套多源遥感技术相互融合、优势互补的综合调查识别体系，是强降雨条件下区域性地质灾害快速调查识别与评价的有效途径。     

遥感技术在江西永丰县地质灾害调查中的应用

本文论述了遥感技术在江西永丰县1∶50000地质灾害调查中的应用,表明地质灾害遥感调查应用的效果。文中简述了遥感解译的工作方法,通过MAPGIS平台进行图像处理,建立了滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷等地质灾害的解译标志。在Google earth高清影像覆盖区,可对小型地质灾害进行精确的解译;通过相关的图像处理技术,对断裂构造,岩溶盆地也可进行相关解译;最后提出了地面野外调查的相关建议。实践证明,遥感解译可对地质灾害地面调查起互补验证作用。     

遥感在管线地质灾害调查评价中的应用研究

公路、铁路及长输管线地质灾害调查、评价,采用传统人工调查手段,具有极大的局限性。本文建立了以多源、不同空间分辨率的遥感影像为基础的地质灾害调查评价体系。根据低、中、高分辨率遥感图像以及航摄特点,对线路走廊带区域地质调查、地质孕灾背景调查、单体地质灾害调查、地质灾害分布规律与成灾模式进行了应用研究。结果表明,以多源遥感技术手段为主,地面调查为辅的线路走廊带地质灾害调查评价体系,可以极大地提高地质灾害调查评估质量和效率,为地质灾害危险性评价与预警及灾后评估、治理,提供可靠、有效的工作手段。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。