航磁垂直梯度调整ΔT水平方法研究

使用中国自主研发、具有完全自主知识产权的航磁全轴梯度勘查系统首次试飞获得的资料,利用航磁垂直梯度数据进行ΔT水平调整研究,讨论了航磁及航磁梯度资料水平调整的原则,提出梯度资料长波水平的调平方法.对经长波水平调整后的垂直梯度数据进行位场转换,获得不受地磁场随时间变化影响的磁异常,并通过恢复磁异常的长波信息,实现了ΔT的水平调整和增强.实际资料处理表明调平过程具有物理意义、效果明显.     

对我国地震预报水平的认识

文章对我国地震预报的水平进行了讨论,并根据对积累资料的分析,介绍了中长期预报水平和中短临预报水平的实况。     

福建省水氡观测资料变化规律与稳定性评定

对福建省水氡观测资料变化规律进行了分析,并利用相对均方差、拟合噪声水平和相对年变幅三项指标,对福建省8个水氡点的观测资料的稳定性进行了评定。     

风切变对飞行的影响及其预报时效分析

利用NCEP再分析资料和AMDAR资料,对2008年11月1日首都机场冷锋过境前后风切变现象及其可预报时效进行分析。分析认为:在冷锋过境前后,首都机场存在多种形式的风切变,有高空槽前后的水平风切变、高层和中层急流轴引起的水平风切变、冷锋前逆温层顶上下的水平风切变和地面锋面过境时跑道面上的水平和侧风切变。对各种风切变的可预报时效进行了分析。     

离石地震台水平摆倾斜观测资料对比分析

通过对山西省离石地震台数字化水平摆SSQ-2I与模拟水平摆SQ-70B的观测资料进行对比分析,认为从资料的完整性、稳定性、可靠性以及观测精度方面,数字化水平摆SSQ-2I均优于模拟水平摆SQ-70B。数字化水平摆能实现远距离快速传输、及时准确地发现异常,实现资源共享。     

易县地震台地形变模拟和数字化记录资料对比分析

用形变前兆台网及台站数据处理系统软件对易县地震台2002年度自记水管仪和伸缩仪的模拟记录和数字化记录资料进行处理,求得噪声水平、潮汐因子和误差,再计算出内在精度,从而在噪声水平和内在精度两个方面对模拟和数字化记录资料进行对比分析,从中发现数字化记录资料在内在精度和噪声水平两个方面均优于模拟记录资料.     

腾冲台水平摆在中强以上地震前异常特征分析

以腾冲台水平摆资料分析了近年来滇西地区范围内发生的中强以上地震,发现震前资料出现了反映地震孕育过程的异常变化,重点对该地区中强震前短临异常的变化特征进行探讨,为使用腾冲台水平摆资料进行识别以及捕捉地震短临异常,预测地震提供参考依据。     

对数拉伸DMO方法在逆掩推覆构造中应用研究

在地下构造复杂、断层发育地层中,常规水平叠加方法效果差,而常规的DMO算法计算效率低,实用性差。这篇文章通过对时间轴引用对数拉伸变换以提高计算速度和成像质量,运用DMO对数拉伸校正方法,对逆掩推覆构造物理模拟资料和实际资料进行了处理分析。DMO对数拉伸方法比常规水平叠加方法效果好,增强了断面反射,在倾斜地层和复杂构造地层中能更好地进行同相叠加,更加有利于逆掩推覆构造区地震资料成像,更有实用性。     

用主成分分析方法综合分析首都圈跨断层形变资料

基于主成分分析方法,对大同6.1、张北6.2和文安5.1级地震前后首都圈地区的跨断层形变资料进行了综合分析,计算了断层垂直形变速率及其各个主成分和能够反映断层总体活动水平的综合指标W.结果表明,主成分分析方法能够最大限度地保留原始信息,去除相关干扰信息,有助于对前兆资料的分析研究;综合指标W可以较好地反映前兆资料的异常变化,能够代表一个地区前兆观测资料的总体映震水平;首都圈跨断层流动形变资料对大同6.1、张北6.2、文安5.1级地震都有较好的映震能力,从中可以捕捉到中强地震孕育、发展、发生过程中的前兆异常信息.     

山西临汾中心地震台水平摆倾斜仪对全省及周边地区地震的异常响应

2009年至今,山西境内及周边地区相继发生多次有感地震,文章着重分析几次地震前临汾台水平摆观测资料出现的异常变化和同震响应能力,并对资料在映震中存在的相关问题进行探讨,为准确利用水平摆资料预测、预报地震提供依据。     

Age, geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of Mahukona Volcano, Hawai`i

The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km³) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high ³He/⁴He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized.     

The Yecheng,Xinjiang, China,earthquake of February 14, 1980

In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m _b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment.     

Podhale,Poland, earthquake of November 30, 2004

Earthquake of November 30, 2004, in Podhale region, southern Poland, was of unexpectedly big size in this area of weak seismicity. As Poland is considered a country of low seismicity, the earthquake has caused concern about seismic hazard in Poland, especially since it took place shortly after the even more unexpected Kaliningrad Region, Russia, earthquakes of September 21, 2004, that inflicted minor damage in northern Poland. The paper presents the findings on the Podhale earthquake which reached macroseismic intensity up to 7 and magnitude 4.7 (m _b ; ISC). The event was felt up to a distance of about 100 km and inflicted slight damage to buildings in its narrow epicentral area, thus evidencing its relatively shallow depth. The quake has been located near the village of Skrzypne, about 15 km west-southwest of the district capital Nowy Targ. The source mechanism has been found to be of dip slip normal fault type, although a problem remains of association of this mechanism with known tectonic dislocations in the region. The earthquake has been followed by a long series of aftershocks. Their distribution in time is also studied and the biggest aftershocks have been located.     

Anorthite,andesine, wollastonite,diopside, cordierite and pyrope: thermodynamics of melting,glass transitions,and properties of the amorphous phases

Drop calorimetry measurements between 900 and 1850 K are reported for amorphous anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, diopside, cordierite and pyrope. The isobaric heat capacities of the glassy and liquid phases of these materials, and the enthalpies of fusion of the minerals have been derived. The calorimetric entropies of fusion of these substances and of other oxide minerals are generally consistent with the calculated volume changes on melting and with the observed pressure dependences of the melting points. The thermodynamics of mixing of liquid plagioclases have been examined, and it is concluded that their enthalpies of mixing are markedly different from the values derived directly from solution calorimetry measurements at 985 K.     

Physical properties,vitrinite reflectance,and microstructure of coal,Taiyuan Formation,Qinshui Basin,China

In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization.     

太阳磁场磁性指数异常变化对南北半球中纬度气候的影响

本文参照太阳黑子相对数特征建立了太阳黑子磁场磁性指数时间序列. 大气温度场谱分析结果显示,南北半球中纬度平流层和对流层大气温度场普遍存在22年变化周期. 分析认为,大气温度场的22年变化周期是太阳活动22年磁性周期所激发.     

Comments on the use of Ti,Zr, Y,Sr, K,P and Nb in classification of basaltic magmas

The distribution of Ti, Zr, Y, Sr, K, P and Nb has been investigated at 55 sample sites within a single basaltic flow, the Cliefden Outcrop, which has adjusted to low-grade metamorphism of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies. The cluster of points in the plot of Ti, Zr and Y as proposed by Pearce and Cann shows that the ratio of these elements has remained relatively constant after metamorphism and would therefore have significance in attempts at classification of magma type. Likewise a plot involving Nb, Y, Zr and P as proposed by Floyd and Winchester shows only restricted scatter and appears useful. However, plots involving Sr or K show a scatter that is clearly related to metamorphic processes. Consequently, plots involving these two elements are likely to be of little use in classification in this case.Low-grade metamorphism is common, variable and not always recognized. The study concerned one style of alteration and revealed problems in the application of some classification schemes. Consequently it is apparent that much more rigorous testing is needed before classification schemes can be generally applied to sequences of basaltic rocks.     

The flocculation of dissolved Fe,Mn, Al,Cu, Ni,Co and Cd during estuarine mixing

A laboratory experiment was carried out in which the flocculation products, formed from the mixing of filtered (0.4 μm) river water and seawater, were analysed. This study established that Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Ni, Cd and Co have resolvable and well-defined estuarine chemistries. Copper, Ni, Mn and Co have salinity dependences of removal which are similar to those of dissolved Fe and humic acids. The amount of removal of the above trace metals increases between 0 and 15–18‰, after which little additional removal occurs. The extents of removal from river water are very different: Fe, 95%; Al, 20%; Cu, Ni, 40%; Co, 10%; Cd, 5% and Mn, 25–45%. The basic removal mechanism appears to be the estuarine flocculation of trace metals which exist, in part, in river water as colloids in association with colloidal humic acids and hydrous iron oxides. A qualitative model, based on this mechanism, supports the observations of this flocculation study.The results of this study give the most complete and consistent set of data presently available, from which to postulate the most important processes controlling the estuarine chemistry of trace metals. The generality of their behaviours still needs to be determined by future investigations.