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中国是欧亚大陆冰川最多的国家,也是中低纬度地区山岳冰川最多的国家,现代冰川近6万km2,主要分布在我国青藏高原和西北高山区.1957年以前,只有西方探险家和少数中国学者进行过一般性考察研究.1957年夏,我和唐邦兴随施雅风先生横穿祁连山西段,进行中国地貌区划路线考察时,登上了党河南山北坡的马厂雪山冰川,深深地感到冰川融水与荒漠绿洲的关系,水就是生命线的含义.施雅风先生回到北京以后就向中国科学院领导汇报,提出开展祁连山现代冰川考察和融冰化雪试验研究,得到中国科学院竺可祯副院长的支持,于1958年成立中国科学院甘肃青海综合科学考察队冰川分队,融冰化雪试验由中国科学院地球物理所朱岗昆先生带领苏从先、杨颂禧等进行;冰川考察由中国科学院北京地理所施雅风先生带领郑本兴、朱景郊、王宗太等进行. 相似文献
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青藏高原大气降水和气溶胶化学特征研究进展 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17
近10 a来青藏高原大气降水和气溶胶化学研究取得了显著进展,特别是结合冰川考察和冰芯研究工作,在高海拔冰川区获得了一批降水化学资料.回顾了早期青藏高原大气降水和气溶胶化学研究的背景,从高海拔冰川区降水化学的区域分布、季节变化、全球对比以及台站降水和气溶胶化学等方面综述了近年来该领域的研究成果,并对其研究前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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天山博格达峰地区第四纪冰期探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
在博格达峰地区,不仅有现代冰川,而且古冰川规模远比今日为大,留下了许多地质地貌现象,吸引了许多中外地质地理工作者,并对本区第四纪冰川和冰期的划分提出了各自的看法。本文在1962年博格达峰北坡三工河、四工河考察的基础上,于1981年又作了补点考察,并去南坡作了踏勘,采集了大量的样品,在室内进行孢粉、岩矿、粒度、粘土矿物的分析鉴定和C~(14)年代的测定。现就本区第四纪冰川遗迹、冰期划分与对比,以及第四纪冰川演化与地貌发育等问题提出一些看法。 相似文献
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风沙动力与风沙工程学当前研究的热点-主要反映在加深对风沙现象的理解、风沙灾害防治与资源开发三个方面出发,提出了我国在风沙运动力学、土壤风蚀、土地沙漠化的动力机制与过程、风沙地形成发育规律、风沙沉积学特征及其形成机制、沙尘暴形成机制以及风沙灾害防护工程技术原理等六个方面的研究建议。 相似文献
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广西云开地区是广西境内铅锌金银多金属矿产的重要成矿区之一,长期以来一直是地质工作重点对象。在分析区域成矿地质背景、研究成矿地质特征、总结成矿地质规律的基础上,结合元素富集特征、典型矿床特征和找矿新发现,探讨该区域成矿远景,提出了地质找矿主要目标。结果显示,本区以构造复杂、岩浆活动强烈、基底变质程度深、成矿作用多样为特征,形成了以铅锌为优势矿种,银金为重要矿种,铜、钨锡钼等有良好资源前景的矿产地,考虑成矿地质环境因素和已知矿产分布情况,优选9个集中区,作为找矿地质工作部署的依据。 相似文献
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Nils-Axel Mrner 《Tectonophysics》2004,380(3-4):139-157
Fennoscandia, today a region of low to moderately low seismicity, was, at the time of deglaciation, with rates of uplift on the order of tens of centimetres per year, a region of very high seismicity and active tectonics. This is evident both from primary fault structures and from secondary sedimentary and hard rock effects in the region around the epicentral areas. The map of active faults in Fennoscandia includes numerous structures previously not recognised. Despite this, the recording of active faults and paleoseismic events is still in its initial phase. Much more data will surely accumulate in the near future. 相似文献
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海洋浮游细菌的生态学研究 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:23
海洋浮游细菌在海洋生态系统中的重要作用随着对其生物量和生产力的深入研究而得到了充分肯定。以浮游细菌为核心的微食物环研究的开展,也显示出微食物环在海洋生态系统动力学过程中有不可替代的作用,是主食物链的重要补充,特别是在贫营养的大洋生态系统中。在不同水 层和特殊环境中对海洋浮游细菌的研究结果表明其研究潜力巨大。就国内在这方面的研究现状和需进一步研究的内容进行了阐述。 相似文献
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浑善达克沙地近30年来土地沙漠化研究进展与问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
浑善达克沙地地处环境脆弱的东亚夏季风北缘,沙漠化进程备受关注。综述了关于浑善达克沙地近30年来沙漠化的研究进展,并从沙漠化过程、成因和发展趋势等方面讨论了研究中存在的问题。认为沙漠化过程研究难以深入,主要原因是在沙漠化速度和程度方面存在分歧,对沙漠化概念理解、研究材料及评价指标选择上存在差异。浑善达克沙地沙漠化是自然和人为因素共同作用的结果,沙漠化过程研究结果的分歧导致了成因的多解性,其中自然和人为因素的耦合与反馈过程、生态系统阈值、极端事件的影响是成因分析中需要解决的问题。全球变暖将导致浑善达克沙地沙漠化在21世纪进一步发展。 相似文献
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E. Shaji J.J. Gómez-Alday S. Hussein T. R. Deepu Y. Anilkumar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,92(3):337-345
Chittur block represents a mid-land region of Palakkad district, Kerala and the block differs from the rest of the blocks in its climate and availability of groundwater. About 75% of the people depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Results showed that groundwater salinity levels (up to 1,963 mg/L TDS),fluoride (up to 6.3 mg/L) and nitrate (up to 141 mg/L) contents have increased significantly in tandem with the increase in groundwater abstraction. Before human intervention the chemical weathering of gneisses and granites was the main process impinging on the chemical signature of groundwater. The initial chemical equilibrium conditions change with increasing groundwater withdrawal rates and fertilizer input, in a milieu of lower natural groundwater recharge. The appearance of higher levels of bicarbonate, linked to denitrification processes, and the decrease in calcium, due to calcite precipitation, can lead to increased content of sodium and fluoride in groundwater. In this scenario the use of groundwater resources for human consumption and agriculture represents a public health risk if water management actions do not change the trend in water use in the near future. The potential loss of fertile soil by groundwater salinization must also be considered when planning sustainable policies in a region with over dependence on groundwater resources. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(3):329-334
Granite gneiss, gneiss, and granite domes of Central Karelia are developed near the junction zone between two tectonic structures, the Western anticlinorium of the Belomorides and the East Karelian zone of the Karelides, The established regular restriction of both shows and deposits of a number of mineral resources to the surroundings of the domes is of importance in forecasting and the future direction of exploration work in this region. —Authors. 相似文献
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西南河流源区是中国的水资源战略储备区,但其未来水资源演变趋势不明,为厘清气候变化下的径流变化规律以开展适应性利用,国家自然科学基金委于2015年启动了“西南河流源区径流变化和适应性利用”重大研究计划,本文对重大研究计划的总体情况和主要进展进行综述。重大研究计划实施以来取得了一系列研究成果:构建了西南河流源区天空地一体化监测体系,有效提升了西南河流源区的监测能力;创新了高原寒区径流水源组成的多元综合解析方法,揭示了高原寒区典型径流水源的形成机理及气候驱动下流域下垫面与水文系统的协同变化机理;创建了综合冰雪冻土寒区水文过程和示踪过程的分布式同位素水文模型,揭示了雅鲁藏布江径流变化的历史规律和未来趋势;提出了河流全物质通量概念,开展了大量取样检测,揭示了高原河流生源物质循环及生物响应规律,量化了澜沧江梯级水库运行的环境累积效应;发展了多目标互馈系统理论,从水量、水能、水质3个方面创新了梯级水库适应性利用技术,为西南水电消纳、澜沧江-湄公河水资源合作等国家重大需求提供了支撑。 相似文献
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The Himalayas are one of very active seismic regions in the world where devastating earthquakes of 1803 Bihar–Nepal, 1897 Shillong, 1905 Kangra, 1934 Bihar–Nepal, 1950 Assam and 2011 Sikkim were reported. Several researchers highlighted central seismic gap based on the stress accumulation in central part of Himalaya and the non-occurrence of earthquake between 1905 Kangra and 1934 Bihar–Nepal. The region has potential of producing great seismic event in the near future. As a result of this seismic gap, all regions which fall adjacent to the active Himalayan region are under high possible seismic hazard due to future earthquakes in the Himalayan region. In this study, the study area of the Lucknow urban centre which lies within 350 km from the central seismic gap has been considered for detailed assessment of seismic hazard. The city of Lucknow also lies close to Lucknow–Faizabad fault having a seismic gap of 350 years. Considering the possible seismic gap in the Himalayan region and also the seismic gap in Lucknow–Faizabad fault, the seismic hazard of Lucknow has been studied based on deterministic and the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Results obtained show that the northern and western parts of Lucknow are found to have a peak ground acceleration of 0.11–0.13 g, which is 1.6- to 2.0-fold higher than the seismic hazard compared to the other parts of Lucknow. 相似文献
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风沙动力与风沙工程学当前研究的热点─—主要反映在加深对风沙现象的理解、风沙灾害防治与资源开发三个方面出发,提出了我国在风沙运动力学、土壤风蚀、土地沙漠化的动力机制与过程、风沙地貌形成发育规律、风沙沉积学特征及其形成机制、沙尘暴形成机制以及风沙灾害防护工程技术原理等六个方面的研究建议。 相似文献