空间数据挖掘与GIS集成及应用研究

阐明空间数据挖掘与GIS集成的优越性,分析空间数据挖掘与关系数据库系统的区别,介绍面向对象技术对空间数据挖掘和空间数据挖掘的常用算法．在此基础上介绍地理信息系统与空间数据挖掘工具及应用。     

基于GIS的地名数据库建设探讨

本文主要介绍了从GIS空间数据库到地名库建库过程中空间数据挖掘技术的应用，并且探讨了该方式建立地名库的特点。     

粗糙集理论在GIS数据处理中的研究与应用

本文首先介绍了粗糙集理论的基本概念,包括等价关系、不可分辨关系、上下近似、粗糙集和简约;并且从空间数据挖掘、遥感影像处理、GIS不确定性、GIS数据分析、模糊地理对象建模和粗糙集与其它软计算方法的结合等六方面概述了粗糙集理论在GIS数据处理中应用的进展。     

WebGIS与基于网络的数据挖掘整合应用研究

数据挖掘为我们提供了一种从海量数据中发现潜在知识的技术手段,将数据挖掘技术应用到GIS能提升GIS对数据的分析能力,从而提高决策支持水平。WebGIS是传统GIS的网络化延伸,目前WebGIS的空间分析和决策支持能力都较低,将基于网络的数据挖掘和WebGIS结合能有效加强WebGIS的分析能力。本文对WebGIS和基于网络的数据挖掘的结合进行了探讨,提出了两者整合应用的模型。     

数字油藏空间数据挖掘与知识发现框架设计

油藏空间数据挖掘与知识发现是继油藏数字化建设后需要解决的一个重要问题.本文首先总结了数字油藏中空间数据的特征及数据处理的方法学基础,提出把数据挖掘思想用于油藏数据处理以获取更多有用信息,即油藏空间数据挖掘与知识发现.文章列出了四种可能的方案,简述了每一种方案的特点,最后结合数据库数据挖掘与GIS可视化,提出了油藏空间数据挖掘与知识发现的框架.对数据挖掘的主要模式进行了讨论,认为空间关联规则是油藏空间数据挖掘中最重要的一种知识模式,因而空间关联规则挖掘算法的设计也就成了油藏空间数据挖掘中需要解决的一个重要问题.     

基于空间数据仓库的GIS数据挖掘及其相关技术探讨

在介绍数据挖掘技术的基础上，分析了GIS中数据挖掘的过程，特点及其相关技术支持，重点探讨了元数据和科学计算可视化技术在GIS数据挖掘中的重要作用，最后阐述了GIS数据挖掘技术所需解决的一些问题。     

基于元模式的空间关联规则挖掘方法

空间关联规则可以从空间数据库中发现空间对象之间的隐含的、不明确的空间关系。空间数据库中空间关联规则挖掘研究是空间数据挖掘和知识发现(SDMKD)的主要内容,其主要问题是多层,多关系的规则发现问题。本文把元模式与空间关联规则挖掘相结合介绍了挖掘地理信息系统(GIS)中空间数据库关联规则的常用步骤方法。     

数据挖掘在供水管网维护中的应用研究

探讨GIS、空间数据挖掘、空间数据统计技术在供水管网维护中的应用。     

Hadoop支持下的地理信息大数据处理技术初探

大数据时代的到来,给GIS的创新发展带来了前所未有的机遇。本文对Hadoop和GIS进行了研究分析,提出了基于Hadoop的GIS大数据处理模型。试验结果显示,该模型能够扩充Hadoop的空间运算能力,对后期地理信息大数据挖掘和分析有一定的参考价值。     

基于GIS与SDM技术的可视化空间数据分类研究

提出将GIS与可视化空间数据挖掘技术之集成的基本框架。在此基础上,基于VisualC++6.0和Ma-pObject2.0组件技术设计和开发了一个可视化交互空间数据挖掘分类系统,系统采用决策树方法和贝叶斯网络作为数据挖掘方法的基本算法,采用训练与学习相结合实现空间数据的分类。文中用实例数据对系统性能、算法和规则有效性进行了验证。结果表明,该系统是一个适用的、可扩展的可视化交互空间数据挖掘工具,系统能够实现数据挖掘实时动态的交互控制,实现了数据挖掘过程的可视化、挖掘模型的可视化和结果的可视化显示、可视化思考、可视化分析与评价。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。