基于三维激光扫描技术的古塔变形监测

为探究传统变形监测方法难以满足古塔全部形变特征的解决办法，本文以铜川市延昌塔为研究对象，采用三维激光扫描技术获取塔体点云数据，利用Geomagic软件进行建模，利用Matlab软件拟合计算塔的倾斜变化状况。结果表明：2015—2019年，延昌寺塔各层存在不同程度的扭转现象，古塔整体偏移基本上保持不变，变化趋势基本稳定。三维激光扫描技术获得多期监测数据分析得出的古塔变化趋势与实际吻合，方法可行，精度较高。研究成果以期为同类项目的开展提供参考和技术支持。     

基于Flex技术的分布式地理信息系统在文物保护中的应用

通过与陕西省文物局合作,以不可移动文物中的古塔为例,利用FLEX技术建立基于B/S架构的Web地理信息系统,能够实现跨平台的文物数据存储和管理,利用自身优势为文物保护工作提供技术支持。     

近景摄影测量用于测制古塔现状线划图

为给古塔修复设计提供依据,本文介绍用近景影摄测量测制古塔现状线划图的作业方法及其精度要求。     

基于ArcGIS的房屋建筑数据采集与统计分析

在上海市基础地形数据、航空数字正射影像等数据的基础上,介绍了上海市房屋建筑数据采集的技术流程;探讨了基于ArcGIS平台进行基本统计和空间分析的方法,旨在更详实地了解上海市建筑物分布情况,为城市改造提供宏观决策依据。     

苏州虎丘塔三维数字化表达研究与应用

运用现代测绘三维激光扫描技术,以苏州虎丘塔为研究对象,对其进行三维激光扫描精准测量,获得其点云数据,并建立三维数字化模型。通过图像映射实现点云模型真彩色的三维可视化,其表达取得了满意的结果,该项研究成果与应用为更有效地保护我国众多的历史文化遗产———古塔,具有很好的借鉴作用。     

基于人口和路网的上海紧急避难所可达性分析

紧急避难所关系到社会安全,能为居民生命财产提供保障.结合GIS的地理空间分析能力,基于上海市人口数据和路网数据,对上海市市中心的紧急避难所进行了可达性分析.分析结果揭示了上海市市中心区域紧急避难所区位分布的合理性及其可达性水平,并提供了相应的规划建议,为社会安全提供保障.     

GPS在应县木塔变形监测网中的应用研究

本文针对应县木结构的古塔变形监测网的建立 ,论述了古建筑建立变形监测网的精度要求 ,并应用 GPS测量新技术与常规大地测量二种不同方法所取得成果进行了内部符合和外部符合的评定。对 GPS新技术能否替代常规大地测量方法建网的可能性进行研究。为 GPS技术用于变形观测领域 ,为及时快速建立与提供监测网的数据找到新的途径。     

上海市标准地址库建设与应用研究

阐述了地址的概念,通过对上海市地址现状的分析,提出了上海市鱼型结构地址模型及标准化过程。实践证明,鱼型结构地址模型相对于树型地址模型而言,消除了数据之间的冗余和数据之间的强依赖关系,为提高地址数据标准化效率提供了理论基础和实践经验。     

基于FME的智能化全息测绘要素转换研究——以上海市新型基础测绘张江试点为例

在传统基础测绘逐步向新型基础测绘转型的大背景之下,对按现存标准采集的数据向新标准的转换需求迫在眉睫。课题依托上海市新型基础测绘建设工作,提出了一种基于FME的要素转换的方法,并以上海市新型基础测绘张江试点数据作为研究对象,以《基于地理实体的全息要素采集与建库》团体标准为数据转换标准,探讨从“旧标准”到“新标准”的数据转换方法,最后高效准确地实现了数据几何和属性的标准化转换,以期为新型基础测绘中地理实体数据库的构建和上海市“智慧城市”的发展提供高质量的数据基础。     

上海市商业WebGIS开发

在上海市商业服务业普查数据基础上 ,利用WebGIS技术开发了上海市商业地理信息发布系统。重点对系统的解决方案、功能设计、界面设计以及开发技术进行了介绍。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。