Quantulua-1220型低本底液闪仪的性能测定

Quantulua-1220型低本底高灵敏度液闪仪是14C测年系统中的关键设备,其质量直接影响14C测年数据的准确性,文中使用中国糖碳、合成本底和成对样品来评估新购置的Quantulua-1220型低本底液闪仪的本底、探测效率及仪器的长期稳定性等重要性能指标是否满足14C测年要求。测试结果表明,在一般工作环境下,液闪仪的本底低于0.5cpm,最大可测14C年龄估计值为48ka;由于猝灭因素引起的年龄偏差不超过100a,新液闪仪经过10个月的运行后,所测定的14C年龄具有可对比性     

南京长江全新世河流阶地的年代及其意义

河流阶地作为古气候和古环境的重要载体,在研究古气候、古环境变化方面有着极其重要的作用.文中对南京市长江南岸全新世河流阶地的23m厚钻孔沉积物,采用细颗粒石英单测片再生法技术进行了系统的光释光(OSL)测年,并对沉积物中的植物碎片等进行了<‘14>C测年,样品的OSL年龄和经树轮校正后的<‘14>C年龄吻合.测年结果表明...     

海原断裂带刺儿沟古地震剖面炭屑~(14)C年龄及其意义

在青藏高原东北缘海原断裂带刺儿沟古地震剖面上不仅保存了地震活动的崩积楔遗迹,还发现多层炭屑以及与人类活动有关的铁渣、陶片等遗物,文中运用14C测年法和经红外释光照射后的绿光释光测年法(Post-IR OSL)分别对剖面上的炭屑、烘烤黏土、沉积物等样品进行年龄测定和比对,获得了各炭屑层和人类活动遗迹的年代。测定的人类活动遗迹年代与海原周缘历史记载的强震发生时间序列比对结果表明,刺儿沟人类活动遗迹的形成可能与历史地震无关,过去以炭屑年代作为地层年代来限定古地震发生的时代,建立的古地震事件时序的结果可能不正确,上述工作为进一步研究海原断裂带的强震复发规律和海原地区考古提供了重要的基础资料     

沉积速率摇摆匹配法限定古地震事件日历年龄

尝试运用沉积速率摇摆匹配方法来获得淤泥质泥炭系列样品的日历年龄,并与单个<‘14>C年代、时序已知系列<‘14>C年代的日历年龄进行对比.结果表明:在采样厚度较小的情况下,沉积速率摇摆匹配方法可以获得较小的日历年龄区间,具有一定的优越性;在采样数量足够多的情况下,系列<‘14>C年代贝叶斯校正也可以获得理想的日历年龄区...     

临汾盆地晚第四纪地层的^14C年龄测定及其地质学意义

在山西南部临汾盆地中汾河三条主要支流河岸分别取样进行了~(14)C年龄测定,并用测定结果对地质年代进行了分析.     

古土壤中胡敏酸和胡敏素~(14)C测年值统计分析

文中使用统计方法对44个不同气候条件下形成的古土壤中胡敏酸、胡敏素的14C测年结果进行分析,探讨不同组分14C年龄的可靠性。对比和统计分析结果表明,从总体上胡敏素可能是古土壤中最古老的惰性组分,其14C年龄可代表古土壤形成(平均)年龄;形成于晚更新世的地质样品胡敏酸与胡敏素的14C年龄差异并不明显,但全新世尤其晚全新世的沉积物中胡敏酸与胡敏素的14C年龄差异比较显著,可能因埋藏较浅而受到更多的污染影响;对全新世(尤其晚全新世)古土壤样品开展不同组分14C测年是保证地质事件年龄准确可靠的有效手段     

长白山天池火山最近一次大喷发年代研究及其意义

对采自长白山天池火山最近一次大喷发的浮岩空降堆积物中的一棵大炭化木,自边缘至中心作了系统的~(14)C年代测定,并与高精度树轮校正曲线匹配拟会,获得大喷发的年代为AD(1215土15)a.讨论了这次大喷发对全球气候的影响,指出这次大喷发最有可能对应于GISP2格陵兰冰芯中的AD(1229±2)a的SO_4~2-峰.     

湖泊沉积物14C年龄硬水效应校正初探——以青海湖为例

在深入探讨湖泊硬水效应成因和变化规律的基础上,借鉴海洋碳库效应校正方法,首次利用湖水和大气14C放射性比度之间关系的方法对青海湖沉积物14C年龄进行硬水效应校正,并重建了青海湖硬水效应在过去8 ka中的变化过程.笔者认为,青海湖表层沉积物有机质14C年龄不老于1549 aBP,青海湖硬水效应在7000-1000 aBP期间是逐渐增强的.     

青藏高原中部错鄂全新世湖泊沉积物年代学研究

对青藏高原中部错鄂湖泊沉积物的¹³⁷Cs和²¹⁰Pb研究表明, Cs在碱性湖泊的沉积物中发生了明显的垂向迁移, 用于确定短尺度年代会带来误差; 利用²¹⁰PbCRS模式可以满足近代测年的需要, 获取不同深度的质量累积速率, 这一累积速率的变化与器测降水资料有很好的一致性, 进一步证明了²¹⁰PbCRS模式对错鄂近代湖泊定年的可靠性. 根据表层沉积物的¹⁴C日历校正年龄, 确定“老碳”影响的绝对年龄, 并假定“老碳”影响是持续、稳定的, 对所获¹⁴C年龄进行了二次校正, 消除了“老碳”对错鄂湖泊沉积物中总有机质和植物残体的¹⁴C结果产生的影响, 同时推断CE-2孔在40~35 cm段存在沉积间断. 根据湖泊沉积物的沉积规律, 建立了错鄂湖泊沉积物¹⁴C年代序列, 在这个年代序列的基础上, 沉积物环境指标对全新世主要气候事件有很好的反映, 从另一方面证明了该年代序列是可靠的.     

嶂山闸地裂缝沉积物的14C年龄

本文对江苏省新沂嶂山闸地裂缝中的黑色粘土和裂缝两侧的钙质结核作了14C年龄和δ13C测定,并对晚第四纪地层划分和地裂缝形成时代、形成机制进行了讨论     

Bayesian estimates of marine radiocarbon reservoir effect in northern Iberia during the Early and Middle Holocene

Reconstructing the past variability of marine radiocarbon reservoir effects (MRE) is crucial for generating reliable chronologies for marine species and their consumers. We investigated the temporal MRE variability at the Early-to Mid-Holocene site of El Mazo (Asturias, northern Spain) by using a combination of new and previously published radiocarbon measurements on marine and terrestrial samples. The El Mazo site is characterized by overall well-defined archaeological layers of unknown occupation length with the predominant presence of two mollusc species (Patella vulgata Linnaeus, 1758 and topshell Phorcus lineatus [da Costa, 1778]) which were analysed for radiocarbon measurements. We employed the recently released IntCal20 calibration curve for the northern hemisphere and Bayesian modelling to reconstruct the site's chronology and temporal variability in MREs according to mollusc species. Obtained radiocarbon modelling results, although the estimate precision is not high, reveal a temporal variability in MREs that can be interpreted in view of known past climatic and environmental events such as the 8.2 ka event. The results also revealed differences in MREs according to mollusc species, which need to be taken into account in future chronological modelling. Overall, our results provide reference MRE values for the study of chronologies in northern Iberia during the Early-to Mid-Holocene. In this respect, a non-conservative ΔR reference for local marine samples dating earlier than c. 8.1 ka cal BP is −238 ± 28 ¹⁴C years.     

Evidence for solar forcing of climate variation from δ18O of peat cellulose

There have been a number of investigations for examining the possible link between long-term climate variability and solar activity.A continuous δ18O record of peat cellulose covering the past 6000 years and the response of climate variation inferred from the proxy record to solar forcing are reported.Results show that during the past 5000 years the abrupt climate variations,including 17 warming and 17 cooling,and a serious of periodicities,such as 86,101,110,127,132,140,155,207,245,311,820 and 1050 years,are strikingly correlative to the changes of solar irradiation and periodicity.These observations are considered as further evidence for a close relationship between solar activity and climate variations on time scales of decades to centuries.     

长白山天池火山炭化木的~(14)C年代及其意义

对长白山天池火山喷发形成的灰白色空降浮石层、黑色熔结凝灰角砾层和火山碎屑堆积物中 16个炭化木作了系统的14C年龄测定,结果表明天池火山喷发年代为 (1215±15)AD。从火山碎屑堆积中采集的炭化木测定的14C年代要比火山喷发年代偏老,最大可偏离 800a;炭化木树皮的测定结果比较接近火山喷发年代;黑石河、浮石林、锦江大峡谷等地的黑色熔结凝灰角砾层的14C年代结果表明它们也属于(1215±15)AD大喷发的产物     

Compound-specific radiocarbon dating of Ross Sea sediments: A prospect for constructing chronologies in high-latitude oceanic sediments

We present an overview of the problems relating to the development of sedimentary chronologies for Antarctic margin sediments, and review the recent application of compound-specific radiocarbon dating methods for resolving them. Radiocarbon dating of solvent-extractable, short-chain (C₁₄, C₁₆, and C₁₈) fatty acids isolated from surface sediments of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, revealed their ages to be consistent with that of the modern dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) reservoir age (pre-bomb, Δ¹⁴C≈−150‰; post-bomb, Δ¹⁴C≈−100‰) in this region. This contrasts sharply with the radiocarbon ages of bulk organic matter in the corresponding sediments are substantially older (Δ¹⁴C=−298‰ to −712‰). Furthermore, the radiocarbon ages of these fatty acids progressively increase with the core depth. These results clearly show a utility of the compound-specific radiocarbon dating for developing sediment chronologies in the Antarctic margin sediments. This approach is potentially applicable to Arctic Ocean, as well as other areas of Southern Ocean where similar interferences by fossil or pre-aged carbon inputs have hindered the progress in the development of late Quaternary paleoceanographic records.     

四分量钻孔应变观测的实地绝对标定

钻孔应变观测的实地标定问题有二层涵义: 在第一个层面上, 可以认为实地标定是相对室内标定而言的, 是对仪器(元件)灵敏度的标定, 称为相对标定; 在第二个层面上, 由测值换算出孔径相对变化以后, 还要利用理论固体潮等依据对与钻孔周围介质的弹性有关的参数进行标定, 从而给出应变变化, 称为绝对标定。 文中提出了四分量钻孔应变观测的绝对标定的新方法, 并以昌平台RZB-1型钻孔应变观测为例进行实际应用, 取得了相当好的结果。     

Uncertainty in index flood modelling due to calibration data sizes

Regional frequency analysis is an important tool in estimating design flood for ungauged catchments. Index flood is an important component in regionalized flood formulas. In the past, many formulas have been developed based on various numbers of calibration catchments (e.g. from less than 20 to several hundred). However, there is a lack of systematic research on the model uncertainties caused by the number of calibration catchments (i.e. what is the minimum number of calibration catchment? and how should we choose the calibration catchments?). This study uses the statistical resampling technique to explore the impact of calibration catchment numbers on the index flood estimation. The study is based on 182 catchments in England and an index flood formula has been developed using the input variable selection technique in the data mining field. The formula has been used to explore the model uncertainty due to a range of calibration catchment numbers (from 15 to 130). It is found that (1) as expected, the more catchments are used in the calibration, the more reliable of the models developed are (i.e. with a narrower band of uncertainty); (2) however, poor models are still possible with a large number of calibration catchments (e.g. 130). In contrast, good models with a small number of calibration catchments are also achievable (with as low as 15 calibration catchments). This indicates that the number of calibration catchments is only one of the factors influencing the model performance. The hydrological community should explore why a smaller calibration data set could produce a better model than a large calibration data set. It is clear from this study that the information content in the calibration data set is equally if not more important than the number of calibration data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.