极限安全地震动下考虑土-结构相互作用的核电站安全壳响应分析

根据黏弹性人工边界的基本原理,结合有限元分析软件ABAQUS和MATLAB辅助程序,在地基有限区域上添加黏弹性人工边界并实现极限安全地震动的输入。基于ABAQUS软件平台,对CPR1000安全壳构建了土-结构相互作用体系的数值模拟模型,分析其在极限地震动下的动力响应,并将计算结果与考虑刚性基础的安全壳结构响应数据进行对比。结果表明:核电站CPR1000安全壳结构在极限安全地震动下仍能保持良好的密闭性。考虑土-结构相互作用后分析所得安全壳结构受到的应力、加速度峰值和相对位移均有所增大,使用刚性地基模型要偏于危险。     

考虑结构 - 电气设备相互作用的配电楼系统地震反应分析

对电力系统的配电楼在考虑主体结构和内部电气设备相互作用情况下,进行了线弹性阶段及弹塑性阶段的地震反应分析,并把计算结果与不考虑主体结构和电气设备相互作用的计算结果进行分析比较.结果表明,在小震作用下,结构-电气设备的相互作用对配电楼的影响不明显,配电楼的抗震设计采用传统等效荷载化方法的计算结果是偏安全的;但是在大震作用下,电气设备真实的参与了整个配电楼的动力反应,并对结构产生了相对作用,这种作用是向着不利于配电楼抗震设计的方向发展,电气设备对整个结构动力反应的贡献不能忽略,此时配电楼的抗震设计如仍采用传统等效荷载化的方法是偏于不安全的.该配电楼还存在明显的偏心扭转效应,设计时应引起重视,提高角柱的抗侧移能力.     

考虑土-结构相互作用的空间网格结构地震响应分析

阐述了人工黏弹性边界的机理及实现地震动输入的方法,采用MATLAB软件编制了等效节点荷载计算程序。通过算例分析将理论解与数值解进行对比,验证了程序的正确性。利用ABAQUS软件建立了位于典型软土场地的正放四角锥网架土-结构相互作用体系数值仿真模型,分析了考虑土-结构相互作用后对结构动力特性的影响,并且对土-结构相互作用体系进行了动力时程分析,得到了网架结构的加速度响应、相对位移和杆件内力的分布规律,并与刚性地基假定下结构的响应进行了对比和分析。结果表明,考虑土-结构相互作用后分析所得结构峰值加速度、相对位移和杆件内力等性能指标均有显著增大。不考虑土-结构相互作用可能会低估软土场地上的空间网格结构的地震响应。进行软土场地上空间网格结构工程抗震分析时应考虑土-结构相互作用对结构地震响应的影响。     

半刚性连接钢框架结构弹性时程分析

用两端带转动弹簧的杆单元代替一般的杆单元,提出了一种新的平面杆系钢结构动力弹性时程分析计算模型。采用虚功原理,通过对单元转角-位移方程的修正,推导了这种计算模型的单元质量矩阵,并编制了相应的弹性时程分析计算程序,分析了连接的半刚性在不同地震动作用下对钢框架结构动力性能的影响,并与有限元结果进行了比较。算例结果表明:连接的半刚性对结构动力性能的影响非常大,结构的抗震性能优于刚性连接的情况。     

桥台-填土-结构相互作用对RC连续梁桥抗震性能的影响分析

为研究桥台-填土-结构相互作用(ASSI)对RC连续梁桥梁抗震性能的影响,分别探讨了台后填土、桩基和桥台处碰撞等在桥台数值模型中的作用以及相应的建模方法。以某5跨RC连续梁桥为例,基于Open Sees平台建立了非线性动力分析模型。考虑被动土压力和主动抵抗力对桥台的影响,建立了两种桥台力-位移非线性模型,分析了不同桥台模型对桥梁动力响应的影响。最后考虑了不同的台后填土类型,分析其对桥梁结构地震需求的影响。分析结果表明,考虑桥台-填土-结构体系会显著降低强震作用下桥梁各构件的地震需求;在同一地震波激励下,不同台后填土类型的计算结果相差十分明显。建议在以后桥梁的抗震设计中,有必要准确勘探桥台背后填土的性质,并考虑桥台-填土-结构相互作用对桥梁抗震性能的影响。     

地震下考虑桩-土-结构相互作用的输电塔-线体系响应分析

本文研究了考虑桩-土-结构相互作用的输电塔-线体系在地震作用下的响应。根据实际工程,采用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立了考虑桩-土-结构相互作用效应的输电塔-线体系有限元模型。选取不同场地类型下的12条天然地震波,研究了不同地震波激励下考虑桩-土-结构相互作用效应输电塔-线体系动力响应。通过与考虑刚性基础的输电塔-线体系动力响应对比,得到了输电塔的薄弱位置,并提出了基于刚性基础的输电塔抗震放大系数,可为输电塔抗震设计提供参考。     

土-偏心结构平扭耦联弹塑性反应参数全过程分析

为了了解在强震作用下偏心结构平扭耦联效应,对土-偏心结构相互作用体系进行了平扭耦联弹塑性反应参数弹塑性分析。本文建立考虑SSI的单层单向偏心结构模型,将地基土假定为弹簧,通过拉格朗日能量法推导了结构体系的动力特性方程,采用静力弹塑性(Pushover)分析方法,利用MATLAB软件编程,分析了土体和结构均由弹性到弹塑性的变化对相互作用体系和上部结构的影响,以及体系由弹性到弹塑性平扭耦联效应的变化过程,发现土体由弹性进入塑性对体系的动力特性影响很大,并且得到了相互作用体系相对振型频率随扭平频率比和偏心率的变化规律。     

土—结构相互作用对煤矿采动损伤建筑的抗震性能影响分析

为了探讨土—结构相互作用对煤矿采动损伤建筑地震动力破坏的影响,基于损伤力学和能量耗散理论,研究采动区土—基础—上部结构的协同作用,通过建立考虑土—结构相互作用的煤矿采动损伤建筑的动力学方程,重点分析了煤矿采动损害影响下的建筑物地震动力灾变演化过程。计算结果表明:土—结构的相互作用对煤矿采动建筑的地震动力响应影响较大,不考虑土—结构相互作用是偏于安全的;煤矿采动作用明显改变了建筑物的结构动力特性,建筑结构的薄弱层位置改变明显、塑性铰和层损伤分布规律发生改变,严重降低了建筑物的抗震性能,对于煤矿采动区建筑应当开展安全损伤评估工作,以保证矿区工程建设的安全性和可靠性。     

大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥减震控制装置参数的研究

大跨度桥梁结构的减震控制研究对于桥梁结构的抗震安全具有重要意义。本文以主跨368m的茅草街大桥为研究对象,基于ANSYS建立了该桥的三维有限元模型,并采用子空间迭代法分析了该桥的动力特性。在此基础上进行了大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的地震响应及减震控制研究,重点进行了弹性连接装置和粘滞阻尼器减震效果的参数敏感性分析,并对比分析了不同位置布设减震装置时的效果。结果表明,纵飘振型对该桥肋纵向相对位移的贡献最大;弹性连接装置和阻尼器均能有效减小地震作用下该桥的肋梁纵向相对位移;综合考虑各关键部位的地震响应时,同时采用两类减震装置并将其分散布置时的减震效果最佳。结论可供大跨度中承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的抗震设计参考。     

地震作用下相邻地下结构与土相互作用特性研究

针对简单框架式地铁车站结构的抗震特性研究已取得一定成果,但对于结构形式较复杂或多个地下结构间相互作用等问题仍需进一步探究。本文利用现有地震分析方法中的动力时程分析法对两个地下结构间相互作用的影响进行系统对比分析,其中主体结构为三层三跨车站、附属结构为两层三跨车站。主要探讨附属结构与主体结构间距离的变化、两结构间连接形式对场地土以及主体结构地震响应特性的影响,分析比较场地土变形、主体结构变形、层间位移角以及内力在不同工况下的地震响应特性。结果表明:相邻地下结构与土相互作用形式较独立结构与土相互作用形式对场地土影响更加明显;当附属结构与主体结构间距离超过两倍结构宽度,附属结构对主体结构周围场地变形影响效应可基本忽略;同样当附属结构与主体结构间距离超过两倍的结构宽度,附属结构对主体结构的变形、内力基本已无影响,因此地震情况下相邻结构间相互作用影响范围基本为两倍结构宽度。与此同时,附属结构的存在对于主体结构抗震特性是不利的,不同连接形式中单层通道连接的形式变形以及内力方面均小于双层通道连接形式。     

A continuum damage concrete model for earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dam–reservoir systems

In this study, the earthquake damage response of the concrete gravity dams is investigated with considering the effects of dam–reservoir interaction. A continuum damage model which is a second-order tensor and includes the strain softening behavior is selected for the concrete material. The mesh-dependent hardening technique is adopted such that the fracture energy dissipated is not affected by the finite element mesh size. The dynamic equilibrium equations of motion are solved by using the improved form of the HHT-α time integration algorithm. Two dimensional seismic analysis of Koyna gravity dam is performed by using the 1967 Koyna earthquake records. The effects of damage on the earthquake response of concrete gravity dams are discussed. Comparison of the Westergaard and Lagrangian dam–reservoir interaction solutions is made. The effects of viscous damping ratio on the damage response of the dam are also studied.     

Dynamics of submerged intake towers including interaction with dam and foundation

The dynamics of a coupled concrete gravity dam-intake tower–reservoir water–foundation rock system is numerically studied considering two hollow slender towers submerged in reservoir of gravity dam. The system is investigated in the frequency-domain using frequency response functions of the dam and the towers, and in the time-domain using time-history seismic analysis under a real earthquake ground motion. The analyzes are separately conducted under horizontal and vertical ground motions. The coupled system is three-dimensionally modeled using finite elements by Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. It is shown that presence of the dam significantly influences the dynamic response of the towers under both horizontal and vertical excitations; however the dam is not affected by the towers. When the dam is present in the model, the water contained inside the towers has different effects if the foundation is rigid, but it alleviates the towers motion if the foundation is flexible. It is concluded that the effects of foundation interaction are of much importance in the response of tall slender towers when they are located near concrete gravity dams.     

有缝重力坝动力非线性数值计算模型及其应用

对于有缝重力坝的分析，基于连续介质力学的界面单元-有限元方法难于比较精确地模拟缝间的接触应力，从而无法合理地估算坝体应力与变形。作者对于多体系统和分区连续介质所发展的非连续变形计算力学模型能够根据接触界面的本构特性及其力学和运动学约束条件精确地再现受力过程中界面相互作用力的传递与非连续变形状态，本文将其应用于有缝重力坝的动力分析。实例数值分析表明该模型的计算结果从定性上讲是合理的，并且为判断坝体缝隙的工作状态与界面应力提供了有力的依据。     

Effects of concrete cracking on the earthquake response of gravity dams

Tensile stresses exceeding the tensile strength of concrete can develop in concrete dams subjected to earthquake ground motion. This study examines the earthquake response of gravity dams including tensile cracking of the concrete. The interaction between the dam and compressible water is included in the analysis using a numerical procedure for computing the non-linear dynamic response of fluid-structure systems. The crack band theory is used to model tensile cracking with modifications to allow for the large finite elements necessary for dam analysis. The earthquake response of a typical gravity dam monolith shows that concrete cracking is an important non-linear phenomenon. Cracking is concentrated near the base of the dam and near the discontinuities in the face slope. The extensive cracking, which develops due to ground motion typical of maximum credible earthquakes, may affect the stability of dams during and after strong earthquakes.     

基于IDA的金安桥混凝土重力坝潜在失效模式研究

为了研究混凝土重力坝在地震动荷载作用下的潜在失效模式,以金安桥碾压混凝土重力坝5号非溢流坝段为例,运用粘弹性边界法和流固耦合法建立了反映重力坝在地震动作用下动力响应特征的坝体-地基-库水抗震分析模型。基于增量动力分析（IDA）法:绘制了以相对位移转角为x轴（损伤指标,DM）和峰值地面加速度为y轴（强度指标,IM）的IDA曲线簇;分析了金安桥大坝在极端荷载作用下的潜在失效模式和其在不同峰值地面加速度下重力坝的损伤破坏过程。结果表明:金安桥大坝在地震动荷载作用下,可能发生功能失效的地方多出现在坝体折坡处、碾压分区交界处、坝踵与坝基交界处、廊道顶等应力集中处。因此,加强对这些区域的抗震防护有利于提高大坝整体的抗震水平。     

Effects of reservoir bottom absorption and dam-water-foundation rock interaction on frequency response functions for concrete gravity dams

The linear response of an idealized concrete gravity dam monolith to harmonic horizontal or vertical ground motion is presented for a range of the important system parameters that characterize the properties of the dam, foundation rock, impounded water and reservoir bottom materials. Based on these frequency response functions, the effects of alluvium and sediments at the reservoir bottom on the response of the dam, including its interaction with the impounded water and foundation rock, are investigated. It is shown that the partial absorption of hydrodynamic pressure waves by the reservoir bottom materials has an important effect on the dynamic response of concrete gravity dams.     

Pseudo‐dynamic testing of a concrete gravity dam

Inspired from the simplified single degree of freedom modeling approach used in the preliminary design of concrete gravity dams, a pseudo‐dynamic testing method was devised for the seismic testing of a concrete gravity dam section. The test specimen was a 1/75 scaled section of the 120‐m‐high monolith of the Melen Dam, one of the highest concrete gravity dams to be built in Turkey. The single degree of freedom idealization of the dam section was validated in the first stage of the study using numerical simulations including the dam–reservoir interaction. Afterwards, pseudo‐dynamic testing was conducted on the specimen using three ground motions corresponding to different hazard levels. Lateral displacement and base shear demands were measured. The crack propagation at the base of the dam was monitored with the measurement of the crack widths and the base sliding displacements. After the pseudo‐dynamic loading, a static pushover test was conducted to determine the reserve capacity of the test specimen. Despite major cracking at the base of the monolith, neither significant sliding nor a stability problem that might jeopardize the stability of the dam was observed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

混凝土重力坝整体动力特性研究

结合金安桥混凝土重力坝工程的抗震性能研究,对大坝按整体模型和分缝模型分别进行了动力试验。试验中考虑了横缝和动水压力的影响,得到了整个坝体空库、满库时的空间动力特性。并对大坝进行了三维有限元动力分析,与模型试验结果进行了比较,两者符合得较好。     

考虑流固耦合效应的辽宁葠窝水库溢流坝段抗震性能分析

针对辽宁葠窝水库混凝土重力坝抗震问题,采用耦合的拉格朗日-欧拉有限元分析技术,建立了可考虑库水-坝体-基岩动力耦合效应的典型溢流坝段抗震分析数值模型。模型中,采用等效一致粘弹性边界模拟基岩的人工截断边界;采用混凝土弥散裂缝本构模型模拟混凝土的动力特性。根据烈度与地震动之间的关系,确定了水库坝体抗震设计的输入加速度峰值。据此,分析了在不同季节水位变化条件下坝体地震反应的基本特性。研究表明：完好的辽宁葠窝水库混凝土重力坝溢流坝段能满足8度的抗震设防烈度要求。地震下溢流坝段峰值位移出现在胖坝和瘦坝的坝顶迎水面位置处,胖坝的动位移较瘦坝动位移大。胖坝在闸墩与溢流堰交接处出现了拉应力最大值。有库水条件下,瘦坝峰值拉应力出现在坝趾处,无库水条件下,瘦坝最大拉应力出现在溢流堰与闸墩交接处。     

Effects of reservoir bottom absorption on earthquake response of concrete gravity dams

A procedure is presented to analyse the response of concrete gravity dams due to horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motion components considering dam-water interaction and partial absorption of hydrodynamic pressure waves at the reservoir bottom into the foundation medium. The effects of reservoir bottom absorption on the hydrodynamic force on a rigid dam are examined first. The harmonic response of an idealized dam cross-section is presented for a wide range of parameters characterizing the properties of the dam, the impounded water and the foundation medium. Based on these frequency response functions the effects of dam-water interaction and of reservoir bottom absorption in the response of dams due to horizontal and vertical components of ground motion are investigated.