溶解气运移特征砂槽模型实验研究

借助于砂槽承压含水层模型 ,以氩溶解气为研究对象 ,模拟气体聚集或稀释的异常源产生后 ,其在含水层中的运移过程。实验包括三组 ,分别模拟在不同的气源气体流量、水头压力和承压荷载条件下氩溶解气的运移过程。在实验的基础上 ,分析研究氩溶解气的运移特征 (主要包括运移模式、运移速率和溶解气峰值含量 )与气源气体流量、水位和承压荷载压力的关系。结果表明氩溶解气在低流量的范围内呈现出与离子类似的弥散特征 ,与离子不同的是氩溶解气的运移明显地受到气源气体流量的影响。     

物探技术在广东奥林匹克体育中心断裂勘察中的应用

采用复合联合剖面电阻率法、对称四极电测深、放射性氧气测量与典型岩矿热释光测年分析相结合的方法，查明了广东奥林匹克体育中心场区瘦狗岭断裂的分布和活动特征。     

陕西咸阳市某厂工程场地地裂缝初步研究

通过实际观察、探井揭露和电法、浅层地震勘探等物探手段对某厂工程场地发现的地裂缝的形态、平面和竖向的延伸和分布以及裂缝中的充填物等特征进行了较深入的研究，明确了地裂缝是地下断裂在地表的反映。根据区域构造及场区历史地震的活动特征，从地裂缝发育的细微特征入手，分析、推断地裂缝的成因和时代，确定该断裂属微弱全新世活动断裂。     

石英溶解特征及机理的水热实验

<正>本文针对不同条件下石英的溶解特征及机理,设计了一系列石英于不同温度与不同p H值溶液反应的水热实验,总结了石英溶解的电镜形貌特征,对比了不同条件下石英的溶解特征并给出溶解发生的条件,并在此基础上,结合前人研究成果探讨了石英的溶解机理。通过对实验样品的扫描电镜观察、样品的质量及反应液离子浓度测定发现石英溶解具有以下特征:     

云南金顶铅锌矿床方铅矿溶解实验及紫外吸收光谱特征

在进行金顶铅锌矿床方铅矿溶解实验的基础上，测定并讨论溶解液的紫外吸收光谱特征，确定溶解液中铅的存在形式，进而初步探讨铅在含矿流体中的迁移形式。     

大坝泄洪下游水体溶解气体超饱和理论分析及应用

根据溶解气体的传输过程,对大坝泄洪导致下游水体溶解气体浓度超饱和现象进行了理论分析.引入溶解气体的有效饱和浓度、气泡被卷吸进入水体的有效水深等参数,认为下游水体中溶解气体的来源不仅依赖于大气在自由水表面的传质,而更多地依赖于气体在气泡界面的传质.把难以测量的气体传质系数、气泡尺寸等参数与水流的紊动特性参数建立定量关系,以美国Ice Harbor大坝为例,采用该定量关系式计算了下游水体中溶解气体浓度的分布,实测结果验证了理论分析的合理可靠性.     

江苏部分地热水的气体成分和微量元素含量特征及其指示意义

依据地球化学及水文地球化学的基本原理,对江苏地区5个地热异常点的水质检测资料进行了分析。结果表明:地下热水中溶解状N_2、O_2、CO_2等气体含量变化反映了深部构造断裂的开启闭合程度及地下热水水化学环境的特征;不同溶解状气体含量比值、13C同位素等指示了地下热水中不同气源的混合;而微量元素的分布特征则受区域地质背景、元素特性、水-岩相互作用等条件的影响。上述水化学特征的识别对寻找深部地热资源具有一定的指导意义。     

CO_2脱沥青作用形成重油油藏的一个实例

气体的脱沥青作用是引起油藏变稠或形成沥青垫的因素之一。对苏丹ME盆地某古近系稠油油藏的地质特征、原油物性、原油溶解气组分和地球化学特征进行分析,结果显示:原油普遍具有高沥青质、高含蜡、高凝固点、高酸值和低含硫的特点;原油溶解气中CO2含量的变化与原油API度具有正相关关系;含油包裹体中含有较多的CO2。结果表明气体溶解在原油中产生的脱沥青作用是引起该油藏密度变大的主要原因;而且气体主要是无机成因的CO2,来源于邻近油藏的沟通地幔的深断裂。     

河南信阳地区活动断裂带的遥感图像识别模式

以地球空间信息科学为指导,以图像信息增强提取为技术支撑,建立了河南信阳地区地表水系结构异常、景观生态异常和浅层地下水富集带异常的图像空间信息识别模式,揭示了该区区域线性构造场的空间分布规律及活动断裂带的图像特征.从区域断裂带的活动性和区域稳定性看,信阳市燃气混气站场区处于相对稳定的"岛区".实例证明,遥感图像信息为场区稳定性评价提供了可用、可信的评价信息.     

幔源CO_2演化及CO_2气成藏实例分析

幔源CO2是当今地球科学研究中的前沿领域之一,具有重要的研究价值。处于超临界态的地幔流体具有很强的溶解和扩散能力,是地球内部能量与物质向外传输的重要载体。地幔流体中的挥发分以H2O和CO2为主,全球许多CO2气藏中的气体具有幔源特征,与地幔流体密切相关,但地幔流体与CO2气藏之间的关系研究则显得不够。本文分析了地幔流体的组成、性质与影响因素,结合济阳坳陷断裂构造、岩浆发育特征,阐述地幔流体上升和演化过程,认为地幔流体中溶解各种形式CO2气为气藏形成提供物质来源,断裂活动则为岩浆上侵和气体的运移、聚集提供了通道和空间。CO2气藏勘探的有利区块应该不仅仅局限于坳陷内,在坳陷边缘或者外部,新生代晚期的碱性岩浆侵入活动,不同方向断裂发育交汇地区均是气藏勘探的有利地区。     

Chemical and isotopic characteristics and origin of spring waters in the Lanping–Simao Basin,Yunnan, Southwestern China

The chemical and isotopic characteristics (oxygen, hydrogen, and strontium) of spring waters and isotopic compositions of helium (He) and neon (Ne) in gases escaping from spring waters in the Lanping–Simao Basin are studied. A total of twenty-one spring water samples (twelve hot springs, four cold springs, and five saline springs) and eleven gas samples were collected from the study area, including one spring and one gas sample from northern Laos. It is found that saline spring waters in the study area are of chloride type, cold spring waters are of carbonate type or sulfate type, and hot spring waters are of various types. High total dissolved solids levels in saline springs are significantly related to Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene salt-bearing strata. On the basis of hydrochemical geothermometry, the reservoir temperatures (T_r) for hot springs, cold springs, and saline springs are 65.5–144.1, 37.8–64.4, and 65.1–109.0 °C, respectively, and the circulation depths of saline springs are much larger than those of hot and cold springs. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of springs in the Lanping–Simao Basin and northern Laos are primarily controlled by meteoric waters with obvious latitude and altitude effects, and are also influenced by δ¹⁸O exchange to some extent. Most Sr²⁺ in spring waters of the study area is derived from varied sources (carbonate, evaporite, and silicate mineral dissolution), and the Sr isotopic compositions are greatly influenced by volcanic rocks. Wide distribution of crust-derived He in the Lanping–Simao Basin and northern Laos reveal that faults in these areas may not descend to the upper mantle. It is concluded that water circulation in the study area may be limited above the upper mantle, while saline springs may originate from the Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene evaporites. Hydrochemical characteristics demonstrate affinities among the Lanping–Simao Basin, northern Laos, and Yanjing, eastern Tibet, while disaffinities are observed between these areas and Tengchong on the basis of the hydrochemical characteristics and noble gas isotopic compositions.     

长白山火山区温泉温室气体排放通量研究

温泉是深部岩浆活动在地表的直接表现,并且向大气圈排放大量的温室气体.然而,国内尚无火山区温泉排放的温室气体通量研究报道.我国长白山火山区水热活动强烈,主要有湖滨温泉带、聚龙温泉群、锦江温泉以及火山口外围的十八道沟温泉.本文利用数字皂膜流量计测量温泉气体排放通量,并结合前人对长白山火山区温泉气体成分的研究成果,估算了研究区温泉所排放的温室气体通量.结果表明,长白山火山区温泉排放的CO2通量为6.9×104t·a-1,CH4排放通量为428.44t·a-1,与意大利Pantelleria Island火山区温泉排放的温室气体通量规模相当.本文的测试结果表明:数字皂膜流量计在火山区温室气体排放通量估算研究中的应用是可行的.     

A search for correlation between seismicity and radon anomaly in hot springs

Measurements of radon contents of the exholved gas emanating from several hot water springs along the Western Coast of India are reported here. Concentration of radon in gas phase of individual springs varied in general, directly with the surface temperature of the water emerging from the respective springs, and showed little variation with time. Radon measurements were carried out continuously for about two years at two hot springs located at Ganeshpuri and Sathivali in the coastal area of Northern Maharashtra. The distant tremors did not cause any variation in the radon content. There was no marked local seismic activity during the period of observations, and the levels of radon stayed essentially constant. The measurements were also carried out at a hot spring in Assam, for about 8 months. These also did not show any significant variation; this period too lacked any marked local seismicity.     

江西省横迳温泉区地热气体地球化学

从赣南横迳温泉区采集10个水样并分析了温泉及冷泉的水化学成分,认为热水起源于大气降水补给。在此基础上,还在温泉区采集了4个气样,测定了气体组分的含量及氦同位素．以及CO₂和CH₄的碳同位素。研究结果表明：横迳地区温泉气中CO₂的含量很高(>96％),δC_CO2较重(-4.43‰～-5.50‰),属幔源CO₂;He同位素特征值(R/Ra)变化于1.36～2.11之问．均大于1,有幔源He的加入;本区温泉气的的组合类型为二氧化碳幔源温泉气,从整体上来说属于幔源无机成因气,是地幔脱气的产物。     

四川康定市二道桥地区地下热水稳定同位素特征及热储温度计算

为研究四川省康定市二道桥地区地下热水稳定同位素特征和热储温度,对二道桥地区5个温泉(井)即二道桥温泉(SC107、SC107-2)、康巴人家温泉(SC107-3)、自流热水井(SC107-4)、自喷热水井(SC107-5)进行调查和分析。研究区温泉的分布及出露主要受雅拉沟断裂和雅拉河谷控制。温泉水温33.2~46 ℃,为中低温温泉,pH为6~6.5。水样的氢氧稳定同位素特征表明研究区地下热水的补给来源为大气降水。利用氢氧稳定同位素高程效应及温度效应估算区内地下热水补给区高程为3 000~4 500 m,补给区温度为-3.5~-0.3 ℃,表明地下热水有一部分补给源自附近山区的冰雪融水。Na-K-Mg三角图显示研究区热水均为未成熟水,不宜用阳离子地热温标计算热储温度。应用SiO₂地热温标、多矿物饱和指数法以及用固定铝方法对部分温泉多矿物平衡图进行修正,得出研究区地下热水的热储温度为65~75 ℃。研究区温泉在东部跑马山以及西部农戈山附近接受大气降水补给,降水沿着大雪山—农戈山断裂和跑马山断裂下渗,地下水经历深循环,在此过程中获得大地热流加热,最终在雅拉河谷雅拉沟断裂附近出露成泉。     

Subduction-related hot spring-type gold mineralization in the central Tengchong block,southwestern China

Numerous present-day hot springs and associated ancient Lianghe gold deposit occur in the central Tengchong block, SW China, associated with oceanic crust subduction. From the center outwards, the alteration zones in the hot spring of the Rehai consist of alunite and silica in a breccia zone, a kaolinite and illite zone, and a chlorite, illite, kaolinite zone. The gas phase in the hot spring is dominated by CO₂ with δ¹³C ranging from −4.5‰ to −7.2‰. These features indicate a major magmatic origin of the hot spring gas. The ³He/⁴He ratios in the gas from central Tengchong vary from 1.56 to 5.88, approaching to those of the MORB. This is probably related to the ongoing subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Tengchong block. The hot spring waters in the central Tengchong block have much higher content of Au and other elements, e.g., Ag, As, Sb, and Tl, than other typical hot springs, such as Hasbrouck, Sulfer, etc. in the world. The hot springs with more mantle gas contribution and higher water temperature show more elevated Au contents, which implies that the metal in the hot spring was most likely contributed from the magmatic gas. The compiled D-O isotopes of the hot spring waters from previous studies suggest that they are primarily derived from meteoric water. A genetic model for the hot spring system in the central of Tengchong has been tentatively established. The gold-charged hot spring is genetically connected to an active magma chamber, which was produced by subduction of oceanic crust. The chamber is driving long-term surface meteoric circulation and constantly releasing magmatic volatiles enriched with metals. As hot spring water mixed with magmatic volatiles, causing decompression-boiling and forming hydraulic fractures to penetrate the roof of siliceous sinter, which induced the continuing metal deposition and formed the Lianghe hot spring.     

高黎贡山南段主要热泉水化学同位素特征研究

笔者应用水化学同位素技术,对高黎山南段主要热泉成因及循环特征进行了研究,取得了一些重要认识。研究区热泉水为低矿化、碱性、Na-HCO3型水;热泉水主要为大气降水起源,循环速率较快,水岩作用不充分,径流环境多处于相对开放的氧化环境之中。以黄草坝泉、三官泉特征比较明显;地下水补给区主要位于泉点附近高程在1800 m的区域范围之内,为附近区域大气降水补给形成;存在浅层、深层两种混合作用形式,黄草坝泉、三官泉现代大气降水混合比在90%以上;热泉热储温度为100～200℃,循环深度在2000～4000 m。     

Characteristics of the geothermal water in Changbai Mountain volcanic region,northeast of China

Geothermal water is plentiful in Changbai Mountain region, northeastern China, due to the volcanic activities and widespread faults. For the exploration of geothermal resources, this study uses quartz and cation geothermometer to estimate the temperatures of the geothermal reservoir and uses the tubular models to evaluate the thermal gradient. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of the geothermal resources were also evaluated by hydrogeochemical analysis. The results showed that the geothermal reservoir temperatures of the four major thermal springs in Changbai Mountain region range from 72 to 169 °C. The average geothermal reservoir temperatures of Jinjiang hot springs, Changbai hot springs I, Xianrenqiao hot springs, and Changbai hot springs II are 129.25, 169, 89, and 73.67 °C, respectively. The geothermal gradient values of the four major thermal springs have different characteristics. The geothermal gradient values of Jinjiang hot springs and Changbai hot springs I are 4.6 and 3.1 °C/100 m, respectively. The geothermal gradient values of Xianrenqiao thermal springs and Changbai thermal springs II are both lower than 1.5 °C/100 m, with the values of 1.1 and 1.4 °C/100 m. And the geothermal gradients are influenced by Changbai Mountain Tianchi volcano. In addition, the water chemical analyses showed that the geothermal water types are HCO₃-Na with higher concentrations of Na⁺, Cl^?, SO₄ ^2?, TDS, and HCO₃ ^? than the non-thermal waters, which suggested a deep and long water cycle of the thermal water, and therefore a sufficient water-rock interaction.     

重庆温泉研究进展

文章通过综述当前重庆温泉研究的相关文献,总结了前人在重庆温泉形成的地质背景、分布状况、类型、水化学特征及形成机制等方面的研究现状,并分析了重庆温泉研究和开发利用中存在的问题。重庆温泉中人工揭露较自然出露多,温度以中低温为主,泉口流量集中于10~50 L/s,色度、浊度小,水化学类型受围岩性质影响,以SO4-Ca型为主。其形成过程为:大气降水在大巴山脉及川东褶皱带背斜顶端碳酸盐岩出露区域渗入地下深部,被地温加热后沿褶皱带背斜轴部向南移动,在河谷深切处或断裂构造处出露形成温泉。重庆温泉的开发利用存在环境污染、资源利用不合理、开发不力等问题,认为应当加强温泉形成机理、温泉资源评价与保护、温泉水系统数值模拟、温泉废水处理等方面的研究,以确保温泉水资源的可持续利用。      

河南省十大温泉地热地质特征

为了在河南省隆起山地区寻找地热资源,对隆起山地区出露的十大温泉地热地质特征进行了详细研究.隆起山地型地热资源受断裂构造控制,地下水通过深循环加热,沿深大断裂呈温泉形式出露地表.按水化学类型,温泉热水可划分为重碳酸盐型、硫酸盐型、硫酸盐氯化物型、硫酸重碳酸盐型及重碳酸硫酸盐型.