陕北浅层低渗油田污水处理剂筛选及应用探讨

注水开发是提高陕北浅层低孔特低渗油藏最终采收率和开发效益的主要方式。随着开发工作的开展,油田污水已成为注水开发的主要水源,污水的处理、污水回注和再利用是油田可持续高效发展的关键问题之一。针对南泥湾低渗油藏脱后污水及池塘污水化验结果,通过对絮凝剂、助凝剂、杀菌剂、缓蚀阻垢剂、除氧剂、浮选剂种类及加药量的优选,进行了回注污水处理研究。结果表明：按照所筛选出的各种水处理剂选型及浓度选择混合后,配伍性良好,处理后的污水水质各项指标均达到延长低渗透油藏注入水推荐标准,可满足南泥湾油田特低渗油藏注水开发要求。研究结果可为陕北浅层低渗油田污水处理及注水方案优化提供理论依据。     

长春新区农村生活污水污染负荷计算及治理措施研究——以长德经济开发区为例

农村生活污水的排放是水环境污染的重要因素.农村生活污水治理,是深化美丽乡村建设、提升农民群众生活品质的必要举措.以长春新区长德经济开发区为例,在对农村生活污水现状分析的基础上,进行污染负荷量预测,并结合研究区各行政村实际情况,提出相应治理方案,以期提高农村生活污水治理效率,改善农村地区水环境质量.     

钨矿选矿废水处理新技术

采用混凝沉淀技术处理钨矿选矿废水,通过试验确定HNJY新型高效复合絮凝剂作为混凝剂最为合适,投加量为120mg/L,经处理后废水出水水质符合国家污水排放标准并能回用,废水SS约11500mg/L,处理后的出水要求为SS<10mg/L。技术经济分析,投资总费用为67.5万元,处理成本为0.60元/m3,设计工艺可靠且经济合理。本工程既防止了废水对环境的潜在污染,又解决了枯水期选矿用水不足的问题。     

液压裂管技术在污水管道原位置换中的应用

介绍了液压裂管技术的工作原理、施工步骤,并结合在长春污水管道更换的施工案例,对液压裂管技术应用于污水管道原位置换的施工步骤、施工遇到的问题和处理措施、以及施工注意事项进行了详细的阐述。在该工程中,液压裂管技术体现出了其独特的优势,取得了很好的效果,其中的经验为今后的非开挖换管工程提供借鉴。     

深圳市电镀废水微生物处理初步研究

利用一株絮凝效果好的胶质芽胞杆菌所产的微生物絮凝剂进行了深圳市较具代表性电镀废水絮凝性实验。结果表明,微生物絮凝剂有较强的吸附作用,能降低电镀废水中重金属离子的浓度,对废水pH值有一定的调节作用。实验确定了处理综合电镀废水中重金属的条件,初步提出电镀废水的处理和回用工艺。     

水处理絮凝剂研究进展

概述了国内外无机絮凝剂、合成有机高分子絮凝剂、天然高分子絮凝剂和复合絮凝剂的研究进展和应用。     

生物膜过滤深度净化水技术研究

以古交镇城底煤矿生活污水处理厂二级出水为研究对象,采用F/BF净化工艺,进行了污水深度处理的生产性试验。研究表明,该工艺对二级处理后的生活污水具有稳定、高效的净化能力,出水水质基本达到地面水Ⅳ类标准,可用于工业冷却水和低压水暖锅炉补充水,具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。试验还对不同滤料进行了分析,认为作为工业废料的炉渣是一种廉价、高效的新型生物膜过滤材料。     

青岛市污水管道在软岩地层中的变径胀管施工

本文介绍了在青岛市绍兴路污水管网改造工程中,使用变径胀管施工工艺实施污水管线改造施工的整个工艺过程,为类似工程提供了很好的案例。     

微生物絮凝剂研究和应用进展

微生物絮凝剂是由微生物产生的有絮凝活性的代谢产物．由于微生物絮凝剂具有降解性能好、应用广泛、成本低、操作简单及不会导致二次污染等优点，正日益引起人们的广泛重视。本文综述了微生物絮凝剂的开发现状和应用进展，系统介绍了微生物絮凝剂产生的条件、絮凝机理以及影响其絮凝活性的因素，着重列举了微生物絮凝剂在水处理领域中的应用实例。最后对微生物絮凝剂的发展趋势进行了展望。     

行业文摘

山西污水再生技术国际领先 清华大学环境工程研究所、太原市政工程设计院共同研究开发的污水再生新技术—F/BF法工程试验,取得突破性成果,达到国际标准。 该工程试验的过滤——生物膜过滤组合工艺,是我国污水回用深度处理领域中的首次工程实例,经处理后的污水——再生水,取代了自来水供低压水暖锅炉使用,可用于工业循环冷却水等,也可用于生活污水。     

Non-parallelism between the effect of microbial flocculants on sewerage disposal and the flocculation rate

1 IntroductionMicrobial flocculant (MBF) is one of the naturalmacromolecular organic compounds, which is producedby some microorganisms and has a high flocculationfunction ( Cheng Wen et al., 2003). It has beencalled“the third-generation flocculant”beca…     

微生物絮凝剂絮凝活性研究

用微生物絮凝剂对2g/L,200目高岭土悬浊液絮凝率的测定,得出培养液中絮凝活性分布及活性菌产生絮凝剂时的最佳条件.这种菌产絮凝剂的最佳条件如下pH值7.5～9.0,温度28～30℃,300r/min摇床培养45～60h.     

CaO添加顺序对废弃泥浆絮凝效果的影响

针对温州某钻孔灌注桩废弃泥浆进行了沉降柱试验和颗粒分析实验,研究有机絮凝剂APAM以及无机絮凝剂CaO对泥浆沉降性能和颗粒粒径的影响,着重探究了无机絮凝剂CaO的不同添加顺序对有机絮凝剂APAM絮凝效果的影响。结果表明：在较少APAM添加量(10 mL)下后添加CaO能增大泥浆的初始沉降量;先添加CaO再添加APAM,不利于APAM絮凝作用的发挥;后添加CaO的情况下,CaO对于最终的絮体粒径的影响主要取决于絮体本身的强度及搅拌强度。     

长春市南湖生态环境的现状及恢复重建途径的研究

描述了长春市南湖污染的现状及发展趋势，论述了南湖面临着严重的水源危机的观点。同时，提出并详细讨论了恢复重建南湖良好的生态环境的五项措施：（1）清除淤泥体的表层污泥，减轻南湖的内部污染；（2）因地帛宜建造生物氧化塘，对污水进行生物氧化处理。（3）引导更多的雨水进入南湖。（4）合理开采南湖地区的地下水资源补给南湖。（5）改造两条地表径流的生态环境。     

Reversible flocculation and deflocculation of ball clays

One of the main usages of ball clays is in the pottery industry. However, in order to transport the clay suspensions from the mine site, some distance away from the consumer, dewatering of the clay suspension must be performed. The main restriction is that any dewatering treatment must not interfere in obtaining deflocculated, free flowing suspensions required by the pottery manufacturer.Investigations in the flocculation/deflocculation of these clay suspensions, resulted in finding a technique capable of achieving both requirements. The technique employs flocculation by an anionic flocculant in the presence of 10 mM of magnesium sulfate, thus achieving the dewatering step. When the magnesium sulfate was removed from the flocculated suspensions by simply washing the filter cake, good deflocculation of the clay suspension was achieved at alkaline pH. The role of MgSO₄ in the flocculant adsorption/flocculation, and subsequently in the flocculant desorption/deflocculation, was discussed.     

Studies in the selective flocculation of hematite from gangue using high molecular weight polymers. Part 1: Chemical factors

The selective flocculation of hematite from silica has been studied from a chemical standpoint. Flocculation was induced in a stirred vessel under various reagent dosages, flocculant, dispersant and electrolyte, various pHs and slurry densities. The effectiveness of a given treatment was examined by the resulting grade of material reaching the outlet of a setting tube compared with the quantity.It was confirmed that selective flocculation is more favourable with more highly charged anionic polyacrylamide flocculants and with higher molecular weight. The process appears insensitive to dosage of flocculant in the range 1.5 to 10 ppm, but slurry densities must be kept low.Under such conditions the use of redispersion produced little gain in grade of hematite fraction but considerable loss in recovery.     

An Investigation into the role of site and soil characteristics in onsite sewage treatment

The onsite treatment of sewage is common in all rural and regional areas of the world. Due to the public health and environmental risks that these treatment systems pose, the need for adopting performance-based management strategies is gaining increasing recognition. This demands the establishment of performance objectives for onsite sewage treatment and disposal which are based on stringent scientific analysis. A research project was undertaken to identify and investigate the role of influential site and soil characteristics in the treatment performance of subsurface effluent disposal areas. The treatment performances of a number of septic systems on a range of site and soil conditions were investigated together with detailed soil analysis. The changes to soil physico-chemical characteristics of the disposal area due to effluent application and its effluent renovation capacity were found to be directly related to the subsurface drainage characteristics. Significant changes to exchangeable cations and chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity (CEC) can result due to subsurface effluent application. A relationship exists between chemical parameters such as exchangeable Na and Ca:Mg ratio and CEC. A strong correlation also exists between the depth to the restrictive subsurface horizon and observed treatment performance. The study confirmed that soil chemistry can be a valuable predictive tool for evaluating the long-term performance of sewage effluent disposal systems particularly in poorly drained sites.     

油层回注含聚合物污水的适应性

通过分析油田聚合物驱产出水处理后聚合物的分子特性以及各组分变化,认为含聚合物污水对油层的主要影响因素是污水中聚合物的含量。由岩心驱替实验结果证明,聚合物浓度不同的污水对具不同渗透率油层的适应性是不同的。建议对不同类型油层的注入水选择适合的聚合物浓度。这一研究成果对聚合物驱后的污水利用以及研究注入油层的水质标准具有可参考的意义。     

Investigating bauxite residue flocculation by hydroxamate and polyacrylate flocculants utilising the focussed beam reflectance measurement probe

Polyacrylate and hydroxamate flocculants are commonly used to aid solid–liquid separation of bauxite residue from pregnant liquor in the Bayer process. This study presents the direct examination of the bauxite residue flocculation with polyacrylate and hydroxamate flocculants, using the focussed beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) probe to monitor aggregate dimensions.The key difference between polyacrylate and hydroxamate flocculation was found to be the way the aggregates developed post-shear, with hydroxamate flocculation exhibiting a greater degree of post-shear flocculation. Polyacrylate aggregates were found to be more dense and shear resistant, while the hydroxamate aggregates exhibited greater fines capture and lower solids in the supernatant. The solids remaining in the supernatant after flocculation were found to differ for each flocculant, with the polyacrylate system having relatively more coarse particles within the solid and the hydroxamate system being relatively finer and more iron rich. The observed results are discussed in terms of the different way in which each polymer is considered to adsorb onto the residue material.     

Studies in the selective flocculation of hematite from gangue using high molecular weight polymers. Part 2: Physical factors

Having previously established a system of hematite and silica which can be separated effectively using long-chain polyacrylamide flocculants (Part 1) a stirred tank system was chosen to enable physical variables of flocculant concentration, impeller speed, time of flocculation, slurry concentration, ratio of hematite to quartz in the feed and particle size distribution to be studied.It was concluded that the time of flocculation allowed should be kept short and that there is an optimum of impeller speed though not a sharp one. Slurry concentration must be kept to 1% w/w to prevent serious performance deterioration. A clear optimum flocculant concentration was not found under present circumstances though very low concentrations (< 1 ppm) gave poor results while high concentrations gave no improvement on the results at about 2 ppm.Comparison between an impeller and a propeller of the same diameter and location in the tank pointed to the possibility of critical agitation configurations and the need for caution in scaling up results.The grade of material settling from a selective aggregation process is heavily dependent on the particle size distributions of the mineral species. Larger flocculated minerals produce richer flocs.