一个含有丰富快速精细结构的射电大爆发

本文对１９９０年７月３０日云南天文台四波段（１．４２ＧＨｚ、２．００ＧＨｚ、２．８４ＧＨｚ和４．００ＧＨｚ）太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统［１，２］所观测到的太阳射电大爆发进行了分析，对在１．４２ＧＨｚ、２．００ＧＨｚ、２．８４ＧＨｚ三个波段上观测到的大量尖峰辐射（ｍｓ—ｓｐｉｋｅｓ）作了关于寿命和强度的统计，最后，针对本次爆发中的ｍｓ—ｓｐｉｋｅｓ的特点做了一些讨论。     

星爆后星系NGC4736核区的环状结构

在１９９２年３月３１日至４月２日期间，我们利用云南天台１ｍ望远镜２号ＣＣＤ和缩焦装置，对环星系ＮＧＣ４７３６进行了Ｖ和Ｉ波段深曝光观测。在经过Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ－Ｌｕｃｙ图象复原以及自适应滤波两种方法处理后，发现仅仅在Ｖ波段图像上，其核区存在一个直径约为１０″的环状结构。     

一个含有丰富快速精细结构的射电大爆发

本文对１９９０年７月３０日云南天文台四波段太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统＾「１，２」所观测到的太阳射电大爆发进行了分析，对在１．４２ＧＨｚ，２．００ＧＨｚ，２．８４ＧＨｚ三个波段上观测到的大量尖峰辐射作了关于寿命和强度的统计，最后，针对本次爆发中的ｍｓ－ｓｐｉｋｅｓ的特点做了一些讨论。     

行星状星云的CO(1-0)谱线观测

用紫金山天文台青海站的１３７ｍ射电望远镜,对１０个行星状星云给出了新的ＣＯ（１－０）谱线观测结果．其中４个行星状星云：ＮＧＣ６４４５,Ｍ１５９,Ｍ４９和Ｍ２５１,已有过ＣＯ（２１）的观测,本文第一次给出了它们的ＣＯ（１０）的测量结果;对２个别人曾经观测过但未测到ＣＯ的行星状星云：Ｓｈ２７１和Ｍ４１８,本文第一次证认了它们的ＣＯ发射;对４个别人从未进行过ＣＯ搜寻的行星状星云：ＶＶ１８,Ｍ２５２,Ｈｅ２４５９和Ｋ３３１,本文第一次进行了观测,并得到了它们的ＣＯ（１０）谱．由ＣＯ的发射谱征可见,ＶＶ１８可能是一个误分类的行星状星云     

用于分子谱线观测的512路数字式自相关频谱仪

本文简要介绍了采用一比特自相关技术实现的５１２路数字式自相关频谱仪的工作原理及系统的硬件和软件构成。该频谱仪主要用于分米及ｃｍ波段分子谱线观测。频谱仪系统时钟可在６２５ＫＨｚ和２０ＭＨｚ之间按２的倍率选择，最大分析带宽为１０ＭＨｚ。最高频率分辨率为０．６１ＫＨｚ，相应于１８ｃｍ波段的速度分辨率为０．１ｋｍ／ｓ。文章最后给出了利用上海天文台２５ｍ射电望远镜观测ＯＨ脉泽源的结果。     

晚型巨星FKCom的射电观测研究

本文作者使用美国ＶＬＡ，对快速目转的晚型巨星ＦＫＣｏｍ在３．６、６、１８、２０厘米波长上进行了射电观测，探测到ｍＪｙ量级的射电辐射，而没有探测到圆偏振。我们用热模型对射电频谱进行了拟合，结果都不成功。当发射体内电子密度为９×１０８ｃｍ－３，温度为５×１０７Ｋ时，半径为１２０Ｒ⊙．可获得较为接近的流量，但１０９量级的电子密度不大可能扩展到如此大的范围。这样的发射体用热模型得到的Ｘ射线光度比Ｅｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ天文台所观测到的值大两个数量级。ＦＫＣｏｍ的射电光度和Ｘ射线光度与ＲＳＣＶｎ双星系统相近，如果ＦＫＣｏｍ的射电发射也是由相对论电子在中等强度的磁场中作加速运动产生的话，则在１０高斯磁场中半径为３Ｒ⊙左右的发射区在相应波段即可达到观测的流量值。     

六个色球活动双星的H_a观测和研究

１９９０年８月至１９９１年８月期间，利用云南天文台１ｍ望远镜折轴摄谱仪附加厚片ＣＣＤ探测器进行了观测，得到二十余颗色球活动双星的大色散、高分辨率，高信噪比的光谱，本文发表其中ηＡｎｄ、３Ｃａｍ、４ＵＭｉ、ｖ２Ｓｇｒ、Ｓｇｒ、ＨＲ７３３３六个双星系统的Ｈａ附近区域光谱观测和研究结果。这六个系统在ＣＡＢＳ表中有关Ｈａ线的资料还是空白。我们给出了它们高分辨率的Ｈａ线轮廓图，计算了它们的等值宽度、半宽、Ｈａ线心的视向速度以及３条金属线视向速度．由观测结果表明，ηＡｎｄ双星的Ｈａ线在不同位相变化不大，没有观测到它的色球活动．３Ｃａｍ由于受色球活动的影响，在０．１５４位相时Ｈａ轮廓发生了突变，其等值宽度明显小于其它位相的等值宽度．４ＵＭｉ的Ｈａ线也是吸收线，但由于受色球活动的影响，致使Ｈａ线心部分受到发射的填充．Ｓｇｒ和ｖ２Ｓｇｒ的光谱Ｈａ线都属于吸收线，没有发现色球活动的影响，很可能不是色球活动星．ＨＲ７３３３是个色球活动比较剧烈的双星，Ｈａ吸收线受到了色球活动引起的发射填充，而且填充量较大．     

大质量年轻星体的红外谱研究

本对一批中心星光度大于１０＾３Ｌ⊙质量大于７～８Ｍ⊙的大质量年轻星体（ＹＳＯｓ）进行了研究,利用近几年对这批源进行的ＪＨＫ波段的观测以及其它台站的红外测光和ＩＲＡＳ点源资料,得到了这批源的红外能谱,根据它们在７－２３μｍ间的低分辨率光谱（ＬＲＳ）确定了其尘埃粒子的类型,并将其分三类;（１）具有９．７μｍ的硅酸盐特征;（２）具有１１．３μｍ的ＰＡＨ特征;（３）特征不明显或谱噪音较大,本采用球对称     

恒星形成区NGC7538中的分子氢发射

报告在ＮＧＣ７５３８中利用Ｈ２（２．１２μｍ）发射线测新发现的两个喷流和１８个近红外ＨＨ天体,在ＩＲＳ１－３星云中观测到了强Ｈ２发射壳层结构环绕在星云的北边。星云中红外源的ＵＶ辐射场的外流活动都可能导致这一Ｈ２发射。在ＨＲＳ１－３星云的南边和东边探测到了５个Ｈ２ｋｎｏｔｓ．在ＩＲＳ１南边发现的Ｈ２喷流暗示该区域有一个南北向的外流,在ＩＲＳ１１星团的周围发现了９个Ｈ２ｈｎｏｔｓ．在西北－东南方向和东     

不同频段上极移,日长变化与大气角动量变化激发结果的比较

本文用ＪＭＡ大气角动量序列计算了对极移和日长变化的激发量（ｍ＇１、ｍ＇２和ｍ＇３），并分三个频段与天文观测得到的地球自转参数序列（ｍ１、ｍ２和ｍ３）进行了比较．结果表明：在钱德勒和季节性频段上，大气运动确实是固体地球自转变化的主要激发源．     

A thermodynamic model of high temperature lava vaporization on Io

We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl₂, MgS, MgCl, FeCl₂, FeS, FeCl, and SiS.     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work,     

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics CONTENTS

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Alkali and halogen chemistry in volcanic gases on Io

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10⁻⁶ to 10⁺¹ bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I₂ (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F.     

Born–Infeld type phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of Born–Infeld (B–I) phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane, which is defined by the equation of state parameter for the dark energy and its derivative with respect to N (the logarithm of the scale factor a). We find the scalar field equation of motion in ω–ω′ plane, and show mathematically the property of attractor solutions which correspond to ω _φ ∼−1, Ω _φ =1, which avoid the “Big rip” problem and meets the current observations well.      

A Comparison of Several Image Locating Algorithms in Astronomical Instruments

In astronomical observations at optical wavelengths, a fast image tracking system can be adopted to reduce the effects of the atmospheric seeing and telescopic tracking error, and therefore improve the observing efficiency. Aiming at the need of astronomical observations, totally 5 kinds of algorithms in two categories were selected to make a comparative study on their accuracies and stabilities under different noise conditions by both numerical experiment and laboratory test. The results indicate that the normalized cross-correlation method and barycenter method have not only a higher accuracy but also a better reliability against interferences, they will be applied to the high-resolution spectrograph of the Xinglong 2.16 m telescope and the scienti?c instruments of the SONG (Stellar Observations Network Group) project, respectively.     

Shear and vorticity in a combined Einstein-Cartan-Brans-Dicke inflationary lambda-Universe

A combined BCDE (Brans-Dicke and Einstein-Cartan) theory with lambda-term is developed through Raychaudhuri’s equation, for inflationary scenario. It involves a variable cosmological constant, which decreases with time, jointly with energy density, cosmic pressure, shear, vorticity, and Hubble’s parameter, while the scale factor, total spin and scalar field increase exponentially. The post-inflationary fluid resembles a perfect one, though total spin grows, but the angular speed does not (Astrophys. Space Sci. 312: 275, 2007d).      

Study on the Stressed Mirror Polishing with a Continuous Polishing Machine for Large Aperture Off-axis Aspheric Mirrors

A special stressed annular polishing technique is proposed to mill the off-axis aspheric sub-mirrors of a large segmented mirror with an annular polishing machine. Based on the basic principle of stressed annular polishing technique, a set of special stressing mechanisms are designed to convert milling the aspheric surfaces of sub-mirrors with different off-axis distances into milling the spherical surfaces with identical radii of curvature, so that they can be pol- ished simultaneously on a continuous polishing machine. It took about contin- uous 40 hours to polish a scaled-down mirror of the planning Chinese Future Giant Telescope (CFGT) using this technique. This mirror has the 330 mm di- ameter, 3.6 m off-axis distance, and the 21.6 m radius of curvature, and its max- imum asphericity is 16 micron. The experiment shows that this method has a high effciency, suits batch manufacturing, especially the batch manufacturing of aspheric sub-mirrors of the segmented primary mirror of an extremely large aperture telescope.