内蒙古蛤蟆石铅银钼多金属矿矿床地质特征

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗蛤蟆石铅银钼多金属矿地处内蒙古大兴安岭成矿带中南段,西拉木伦河断裂以北,工作和研究程度低,通过普-详查工作首次对该矿床有了较为正确、系统的认识。对矿区地质特征、矿体地质特征、矿石地质特征及成矿要素进行了初步分析总结,认为EW向断裂构造为成岩成矿断裂,矿体与EW向展布的沿断裂充填的晚侏罗世次流纹岩时空、成因关系密切,矿体赋存于次火山岩侵入接触构造-硅化蚀变带(次生石英岩化带)中,矿体呈脉状、透镜状EW向分布。通过分析认为矿床成因为次火山热液矿床,与次火山有关的硅化带、次生石英岩化带是该区寻找相似成因矿床的找矿标志。     

河北东坪金矿地质地球化学特征

东坪金矿位于河北省崇礼区,大地构造处于华北地台北缘,燕辽沉降带与内蒙地轴结合处南侧,距尚义-崇礼-赤城深大断裂10km。区内出露地层主要为太古界桑干群变质岩系,岩性以片麻岩为主。区内断裂构造较发育,主要有EW向,NW向和NE向,其中以EW向的最为发育。 区内岩浆岩也比较发育,沿尚义-崇礼-赤城深大断裂分布,主要有小张家口超基性岩、水泉沟碱性杂岩和上水泉花岗岩。水泉沟碱性杂岩体呈EW向展布,向南北两侧倾斜,主要岩性为碱性长石正长岩、辉石角闪碱性长石正长岩、辉石角闪正长岩和角闪碱性长石正长岩等。     

江西相山铀矿田构造控矿规律研究

对江西相山铀矿田内断裂构造格架及火山构造特征做了研究,认为相山火山盆地和断裂构造的成生与发育受永丰-抚州深断裂演化控制。从构造控矿作用看,相山铀矿田受大型中心式塌陷火盆控制,北部的EW向断裂带和中西部的EW向构造断陷带控制着矿田内的矿集带,NE向与EW向断裂构造复合部位控制了矿床的位置,密集成群的断裂裂隙带控制着铀矿体,使各矿床中的铀矿体呈群脉型。这些铀矿田地质构造特征及控矿规律对进一步找矿具有重要的指导意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部重磁场及其基底断裂特征研究

为了明确鄂尔多斯盆地北部基底断裂特征, 在分析其重磁场特征基础上, 采用小波多尺度分解和功率谱分析的方法获取了基底重磁异常场, 并对其基底断裂构造进行了综合识别和解释。研究发现盆地北部布格重力异常场呈东高西低、航磁场呈近东西、正负相间排列的特征; 盆内发育28条基底断裂, 整体上以NE向和EW向基底断裂为主, NW和SN向基底断裂错断或斜交分布的构造格架; EW—NE向基底断裂形成于~1.95 Ga阴山地块与鄂尔多斯地块的陆陆碰撞事件, 其中新召北—泊尔江海子南(F4+F10)基底断裂带在中元古代之前是一条不同构造单元的分界线; SN—NW向基底断裂是上述陆陆碰撞过程中形成的撕裂构造, 中元古代在近EW向拉张应力场下选择性激活。盆地北部基底断裂体系形成是不同陆块相互作用的产物, 并在后期选择性活化, 为研究华北克拉通化和再造过程提供了构造变形的证据。     

云南金平长安金矿断裂控矿作用浅析

长安金矿矿体呈似层状、透镜状产于NE陡倾F6断层破碎带的东亚带砂泥质构造岩中,成矿期发生近EW向断裂的构造叠加,成矿之后又遭受到近EW向小断裂的破坏.F6断层破碎带西亚带具导矿作用,东亚带起到容矿的作用,成矿期叠加的EW向断裂（F7、F8、F9等）兼具导矿和容矿作用,侵入于F6断裂带中的细晶正长岩、煌斑岩、辉绿岩等岩浆活动所带来的成矿流体促使矿质富集,形成工业矿体,成矿期后近EW向断裂（F10-1、F10-2）和NNW、NE向小断裂（f）为破矿构造.据此把长安金矿断裂构造演化和成矿初步分为主控矿断裂成矿、叠加断裂成矿和后期断裂破矿三个演化阶段.     

内蒙古太仆寺旗地区断裂构造特征

通过对内蒙古太仆寺旗地区1∶5万区域地质矿产调查,发现其断裂构造主要有NNE向、NEE向、NE向、NW向4组,以及少量近EW向和SN向断裂。NNE向断裂以正断层为主;NEE向断裂受后期再活化的影响,兼有正断层和逆断层的特征;NE向、NW向断裂与矿化关系最密切,二者交汇处是良好的矿化部位和矿点分布位置。根据断裂间的相互切割关系,结合区域构造演化史,可将断裂的形成期次分为3期,近EW向的深大断裂和NEE向、NWW向断裂形成时间相对较早,次为NE向、NW向断裂,最后演化出NE向、NW向断裂的次级断裂。     

湘潭九华奔驰路剖面第四纪小断裂及其构造应力场研究

湘潭市九华开发区奔驰路北侧有1条长约130 m的EW向人工开挖倾斜剖面,剖面下部为白垩纪戴家坪组紫红色细砾岩,上部为第四纪白沙井组砾石层和网纹红土。通过对该剖面进行详细的野外地质调查,发现剖面发育24条第四纪小断裂。这些断裂产状陡立,断面倾角一般为70°～88°; 根据走向和性质可分为NW向左行平移断裂、NE向右行平移断裂、EW向左行平移断裂和NNE向正断裂等4组。根据交切关系,这些断裂可分为3期:第一期为NNE向正断裂,第二期为NW向左行平移与NE向右行平移断裂,第三期为EW向左行平移断裂。根据切割地层时代并结合区域地质背景,认为第一期NNE向正断裂大体形成于中更新世中期,构造环境为区域伸展,可能与第四纪洞庭盆地及周缘伸展断陷有关; 第二期NW向左行平移断裂和NE向右行平移断裂形成于区域EW向主压应力场,形成时代为中更新世—晚更新世,可能与青藏块体向东挤压产生的应力远程传导有关; 第三期EW向左行平移断裂形成于区域NE向主压应力场,形成时代为晚更新世—全新世,可能与印度—澳大利亚板块向NE的挤压有关。奔驰路小断裂研究揭示了区域第四纪构造变形特征、构造体制及动力机制的复杂性。     

新疆小热泉子铜矿区构造特征及成矿模式

新疆小热泉子铜矿区总体为一NW-SE走向的不协调短轴复背斜,后期有SN向次级褶皱叠加。区内NW向断裂发育,均为EW向大断裂之分支断裂,规模小,无推覆性质,主要矿床(Ⅰ号矿床)呈较为典型的立交桥式双层成矿模式。矿床成因类型为中温热液充填-交代型铜(锌)矿床。      

长沙—湘潭一带第四纪断裂体系及形成背景探讨

长株潭地区第四纪断裂发育,但与其相关的研究工作非常薄弱。本文根据野外观测资料和第四纪沉积等厚图,结合前人已有资料,对长沙—湘潭一带第四纪断裂发育特征进行了归纳总结,初步厘定了第四纪断裂活动期次,探讨了断裂活动的时代和构造背景。区内第四纪规模断裂以NE向为主,次为NNE向和NW向,个别EW向~NWW向;不同走向断裂均可为正断裂或逆断裂;部分断裂为晚更新世以来仍有活动的活动断裂。湘潭九华奔驰路开挖剖面上产状陡倾的小断裂发育,并可分为NW向左行走滑断裂、NE向右行走滑断裂、EW向左行走滑断裂以及NNE向正断裂等4组。根据奔驰路小断裂的活动期次,结合规模断裂的发育特征和区域构造背景,初步总结提出长沙—湘潭地区第四纪断裂活动可分为4期:第一期为NE向、NNE向、NW向、EW向的规模正断裂和小型正断裂,形成于早更新世—中更新世中期的区域伸展构造环境;第二期为NE向~NNE向规模逆断裂,形成于中更新世晚期区域NW向挤压应力;第三期为奔驰路NW向左行走滑与NE向右行走滑小断裂,形成于中更新世末—晚更新世区域EW向挤压应力;第四期为NW向逆断裂及奔驰路EW向左行走滑小断裂,形成于晚更新世—全新世区域NE向挤压。上述第一期断裂可能与地幔上隆背景下深部物质迁出导致洞庭盆地及周缘产生伸展断陷有关;后3期断裂可能分别与菲律滨板块、青藏块体、印度—澳大利亚板块的挤压有关。本文研究反映出区域第四纪构造变形特征、构造体制及动力机制的复杂性。     

内蒙古锡林郭勒盟布金黑铅锌矿床Ⅱ号矿脉地质特征及成矿预测

布金黑铅锌矿床为典型的中温热液脉型矿床,矿体呈脉状、透镜状产出于寿山沟组下段的变质砂板岩之中,其中Ⅱ号矿脉是该矿床主要的工业矿体,总体呈近EW向展布。通过矿区地质、矿化特征、磁法测量及OPIS计算机模拟,指出在断裂构造EW与NE方向转变的地带易成矿,且矿化体具有高极化率、高磁化率、高厚度和高品位特征。磁异常图表现为呈近东西向线性分布的磁异常水平一阶90°、135°导数等值线与近EW向断裂相对应,异常梯度大的区域对应断裂构造方向改变地带。OPIS预测图表明矿体的位置对应数据的高值的中心部位、中心部位附近,或位于断裂面距离变化较陡部位。据此,圈定了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四处外围找矿靶区及Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-3三处深部找矿靶区,其中Ⅱ-2靶区已被验证。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部中生界地层节理发育特征与古应力场

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部中生代地层中发育有六组节理(E-W、N-S、ENE-WSW、NNW-SSE、WNW-ESE、NNE-SSW),并且构成三期的正交节理系统(E-W与N-S、ENE-WSW与NNW-SSE、WNW-ESE与NNE-SSW).三期正交节理系统形成的先后期次为:E-W向和N-S向两组节理最早形成,WNW-ESE向和NNE-SSW向两组节理为第二期形成,ENE-WSW向和NNW-SSE向两组节理则最晚形成.E-W向、N-S向和ENE-WSW向三组节理的节理间距指数(FSI)分析结果表明,节理间距的发育程度除了受岩层厚度控制外,还受区域应力场的控制.E-W向、N-S向和ENE-WSW向三组节理的节理间距率(FSR)值分布范围指示不同组节理在区域上发育程度具有差异性.此外,E-W向的优势节理组的FSR值有超过间距与层厚比值的临界值,而非优势组的SN向节理的FSR值则全部小于临界值,表明E-W向和N-S向两组节理组成最早一期的正交节理系统.盆内中生代地层中的三期正交节理系统,所对应的古应力场分别为:(1)晚侏罗世盆地处在近E-W向的挤压环境下,形成了第一期正交节理系统,为E-W向和N-S向两组节理;应力来源于古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲所产生的NW-SE向的挤压分量.(2)晚白垩世时,来自于古太平洋板块俯冲产生的NW-SE向挤压应力形成了第二期正交节理系统的WNW-ESE向和NNE-SSW向两组节理.(3)晚白垩世末至新生代,印度板块向欧亚板块下的俯冲产生NE-SW向的远程挤压应力,形成第三期正交节理系统的ENE-WSW向和NNW-SSE向两组节理.     

秦岭造山带的构造格架和构造单位新划分

构造格架和构造单位是造山带中最重要的两个结构特征。秦岭构造格架是东西向与南北向构造共存的造山带。笔者以秦岭最新的实际资料按板块构造学说和抽拉－－逆冲岩片构造（或抽拉构造）观点编出新的地质构造图，提出秦岭是四类岩石地层－－地质体按非线性、混沌动力学的关系组合而成的拼贴叠置堆垛体，不存在自北而南或自南而北按时代形成的碰撞增生构造带。     

The northern New Hebrides back-arc troughs: history and relation with the North Fiji basin

The New Hebrides back-arc troughs (southwest Pacific) are located between the New Hebrides trench-arc system and the active North Fiji marginal basin. They are restricted to the southern and northern segments of the arc and were generally related to effects of the Indo-Australian subducting plate (rolling-back and/or subduction of the d'Entrecasteaux ridge). A detailed bathymetric and magnetic survey over the northern back-arc troughs is used to propose a new model for the origin of the New Hebrides back-arc troughs. The northern troughs extend over a width of 60 km and are composed of N-S trending grabens and horsts, discontinuous along strike and associated with volcanism. The troughs are disrupted southward at 13° 30′S, where the Hazel Holme fracture zone intercepts the New Hebrides island arc. The E-W trending Hazel Holme fracture zone is an extensional feature bisecting the North Fiji basin. In its western end, the Hazel Hohne fracture zone is composed of a succession of horsts and grabens striking N90 ° –N100 ° E. Geometrical and structural relationships between the back-arc troughs and the Hazel Holme fracture zone suggest that both these extensional features result from the same process and are closely linked. The northern troughs-western end of the Hazel Holme fracture zone region is dominated by N130°–135°E trending magnetic lineations typical of oceanic crust. These lineations are oblique to the horsts and grabens systems, and are characteristic of the old North Fiji basin oceanic crust. Consequently we conclude that the northern back-arc troughs are partly developed on the North Fiji basin oceanic basement and that extensional tectonic processes postdate the oldest North Fiji basin oceanic crust. Morphological and structural evidence suggests that both the back-arc troughs and the Hazel Holme fracture zone are recent, still active and result from NE-SW extensional tectonics. Because other tectonic features throughout the North Fiji basin are related to the same stress field, it is inferred that such a NE-SW extension could be a large-scale deformation affecting the North Fiji basin. It is proposed that the back-arc troughs are primarily related to this recent extension within the North Fiji basin, but their locations along the arc are also influenced by the subduction of the d'Entrecasteaux ridge which produces, south of 13°30′S, nearly E-W trending compression and prevents the formation of troughs. Possibly, these recent extensional tectonic processes result from a major reorganization in the spreading process of the North Fiji basin, and could be as young as 0.6–0.7 Ma.     

Correlation between the structural pattern and the development of the hydrographic network in a portion of the Western Thessaly Basin (Greece)

In the context of the present study the structural pattern in the Western Thessaly Basin (Greece) has been examined, based on structural data collected from the entire study area that were further correlated to the hydrographic network. The structural pattern of the area was revealed from tectonic analysis. Additionally, the topography, stratigraphy and sedimentology of the study area were taken into account. GIS techniques were used to map the spatial distribution of the geological and tectonic features on the topographic relief of the area. The oldest structures are contractional in nature, deformed by normal faulting related to the extensional episodes initiated in Serravallian times. It is inferred that the orientation of the stress field in the area has changed several times: the N-S stress field which was dominant during Late Serravallian times changed to NW-SE (Messinian-Zanclian) up to E-W in Zanclian and subsequently to roughly NNW-SSE (in late Piacencian). The NE-SW stress that was dominant in Pleistocene became N-S in later times. In addition, some changes in orientation are also indicated for the transitional periods of the pre-mentioned extensional episodes, possibly related to local events, or as a block-related deformation. The development of the 7^th order streams is probably related to the N-S extensional faulting initiated in Pliocene times, while the dominant direction of the 6^th, 5^th and 4^th order streams is possibly connected with the presence of the NNE-SSW and NW-SE extensional faults. Finally, the lower order streams are probably related to the most recent E-W striking normal faults.     

黄海新生代构造及油气勘探前景

黄海构造是地质领域重要的研究课题,尤其是南黄海油气勘探工作虽然经过了30多年的研究与勘探,但至今仍进展不大;因此,如何突破该区油气勘探的难题引起普遍关注。黄海地区在新生代经历过2次近南北向的缩短与挤压(135~52 Ma,23~0.78 Ma)和2次近东西向的缩短与挤压(52~23 Ma,0.78 Ma—)。新生代的4个构造期对于油气资源的形成、运移和保存产生了重大的影响。白垩纪—古新世是形成盆-山体系的雏型时期,始新世—渐新世(52~23Ma)是生油层形成的主要时期,中新世—早更新世(23~0.78 Ma)的构造作用使NNE向的先存断裂成为油气运移的良好通道,中更新世以来(0.78 Ma—)近东西向的挤压使NNE向的断层闭合,为油气的保存创造了良好的条件。建议大力加强南黄海地区NNE向的先存断裂与古近系相交部位及其上部的油气勘探工作。     

Successive Extensional Tectonic Regimes during the Mesozoic as Evidenced by Neptunian Dikes in the Pontide Magmatic Arc,Northeast Turkey

The eastern Pontide magmatic arc extends ～600 km in an E-W direction along the Black Sea coast and was disrupted by a series of fault systems trending NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W, and N-S. These fault systems are responsible for the formation of diachronous extensional basins, rift or pull-apart, in the northern, southern, and axial zones of the eastern Pontides during the Mesozoic. Successive extensional or transtensional tectonic regimes caused the abortive Liassic rift basins and the Albian and Campanian pull-apart basins with deep-spreading troughs in the southern and axial zones. Liassic, Albian, and Campanian neptunian dikes, which indicate extensional tectonic regimes, crop out within the Paleozoic granites near Kale, Gumushane, and the Malm–Lower Cretaceous platform carbonates in Amasya and Gumushane. These neptunian dikes correspond to extensional cracks that are filled and overlain by the fossiliferous red pelagic limestones. Multidirectional Liassic neptunian dikes are consistent with the general trend of the paleofaults (NE-SW, NW-SE, and E-W), and active dextral North Anatolian fault (NAF) and sinistral Northeast Anatolian fault (NEAF) systems. The Albian neptunian dikes in Amasya formed in the synthetic oblique left-lateral normal faults of the main fault zone that runs parallel to the active North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ).

Kinematic interpretation of the Liassic and Albian neptunian dikes suggests N-S extensional stress or northward movement of the Pontides along the conjugate fracture zones parallel to the NAFZ and NEAFZ. This northward movement of the Pontides in Liassic and Albian times requires left-lateral and right-lateral slips along the conjugate NAFZ and Northeast Anatolian fault zones (NEAFZ), respectively, in contrast to the recent active tectonics that have been accommodated by N-S compressional stress. On the other hand, mutual relationships between the neptunian dikes and the associated main fault zone of Campanian age extending in an E-W direction in the Kale area, Gumushane suggest the existence of a main left-lateral transtensional wrench zone. This system might be accommodated by the counterclockwise convergence of the Turkish plate with the Afro-Arabian plate relative to the Eurasian plate, and the southward oblique subduction of Paleotethys beneath the eastern Pontide magmatic arc during the Mesozoic.     

基于V指数的他念他翁山中段冰川槽谷形态特征及影响因素分析

冰川槽谷作为冰川作用区分布最典型的冰川地貌之一,对其形态特征及影响因素的研究,有助于揭示冰川发育的动力学过程。基于V指数模型及MATLAB半自动提取方法,分析并探讨了他念他翁山中段冰川槽谷形态发育特征及造成槽谷形态差异的影响因素。结果表明：研究区共发育206条冰川槽谷,大多为“U”形或偏“U”形,长4.5~26 km之间,平均宽度1.8 km,深200~500 m,海拔高度介于5 730~3 274 m。槽谷形态横向分布规律：V指数多为0.2~0.3,北东向发育V指数大于0.3的谷地多于西南向,说明东坡槽谷侵蚀程度强于西坡。V指数沿槽谷纵向主要有两种变化趋势：V指数增大,冰川槽谷横剖面“U”形发育特点逐渐增强;V指数减小,冰川槽谷横剖面“U”形发育特点减弱。研究区冰川槽谷发育以侧蚀为主,形态的差异性是冰川自身特性、冰川作用区地形与基岩岩性等多种因素共同作用的结果。其中,冰川作用区的平均坡度、平均地形起伏度与古冰川作用区面积是造成这种分布差异的主要因素。     

胶南晚中生代大珠花岗岩岩体的脆性变形机制

在长期变化的构造应力作用下,胶南大珠山花岗岩岩体自早白垩世冷凝冷却以来发生强烈的脆性破裂变形,形成了多样的破裂类型如岩脉、节理和断层。在该岩体冷凝冷却早期侵入的细晶花岗岩脉和稍后形成的N-S向节理组反映出与同期区域构造应力场协调的N-S向挤压作用,而后伴随着揭顶剥蚀,出现了交替变化的构造应力场形成了岩体内主导的NW-NNW向和NE向节理组。整体上,恢复出的岩体内构造应力场发生顺时针方向旋转,最大水平挤压由早期的N-S向偏转为晚期的近E-W向。构造应力场的长期变化、平行节理作用和节理断层化作用造成了研究区复杂的破裂型式和破裂序列。     

Plio-Quaternary geodynamic evolution of a segment of the Peruvian Andean Cordillera located above the change in the subduction geometry: the Cuzco region

The Cuzco region, which is located above a change in subduction geometry, appears to be characterized by a variable Plio-Quaternary tectono-sedimentary evolution essentially located along the major fault system that separates the High Plateaux from the Eastern Cordillera. After the higher surface formation of the High Plateaux, a set of Neogene basins were filled by Miocene “ fluvio-torrential” series and by Plio-Pleistocene fluvio-lacustrine deposits. The Neogene series have been affected by compressional tectonic forces attributed to the Late Miocene. This compression is followed by roughly E-W trending syn-sedimentary extensional tectonics attributed to the Pliocene; it is related to reactivation of the pre-existing major faults, basin evolution, and volcanic activity concentrated along the faults. In the Early Pleistocene, fluvio-lacustrine deposits are affected by syn- and post-sedimentary compressional tectonism it is characterized by shortening that trends both N-S and E-W and produces folding and faulting of the sedimentary cover. Extensional tectonism trending roughly N-S has been taking place from the Middle Pleistocene to the Present; it is coeval with shoshonitic volcanic activity, and with sedimentation of fluvio-lacustrine terraces, torrential fans and moraines. Quaternary and active normal faults due to this tectonism, are located in a narrow zone more than 100 km-long between the High Plateaux and the Eastern Cordillera, and two 15 km-long fault sectors in the Eastern Cordillera. Characteristic Pleistocene scarps, 400 m or more high, are due to the cumulative normal offset, and there are also little scarps, with heights ranging between 2 and 20 m, which are related to Holocene fault reactivations. Recent fault reactivation on the Cuzco fault system, during the April 5, 1986 earthquake (m_b = 5.3), is due to the N-S trending extension. This state of stress, located at a mean elevation of roughly 3730 m, is generally homogeneous to different scales. The active Cuzco normal faults may be a consequence of adjustment between the compensated Western Cordillera and the undercompensated Eastern Cordillera, this latter being uplifted higher than its isostatic equilibrium due to compression acting on its eastern edge. The variation of the state of stress, during the Plio-Quaternary is in agreement with the variations of the compressional boundary forces. It may be explained by variation of the convergence rate or by the variation of pull-slab forces.