电感耦合等离子体光谱／质谱法测定环境样品中的硼

采用HF-HNO3-H3PO4-HClO4密封溶样处理样品,电感耦合等离子体光谱/质谱法(ICP-AES/MS)测定农作物、膳食和粪便中的硼。所拟定的方法在测硼的同时,还可测定Cr、Cu、Li、V、Co、Zn、Sr、Cd、Ba、K、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn元素,可以为农作物和饮食中痕量元素研究提供参考。ICP-AES测定硼的方法检出限(3σ)为0.0063μg/mL,测定限(10σ,DF=100)为2.10μg/g;ICP-MS测定硼方法检出限(3σ)为0.0228ng/mL,测定限(10σ,DF=1000)为0.092μg/g。方法经植物国家一级标准物质GBW07602～07605验证,测定值与标准值接近,样品10次测定的RSD<10%。     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定化肥中的砷和汞

采用微波消解对样品进行前处理,建立了氢化物发生-双道原子荧光光谱同时测定化肥中砷和汞的方法。以20 g/L KBH4为还原剂,8%的盐酸为载液,测定砷和汞的负高压均为270 V,砷的灯电流为60 mA,汞的灯电流为20 mA。讨论了常见元素对测定的干扰,40 g/L的主量元素N、P、K,10倍于砷、汞浓度的杂质元素Te、Ca、Zn、Cu、Cr、Mn、Ni、Sb、Sn、Pb对砷和汞测定的影响满足分析要求。方法测定砷和汞的线性范围As为0.68～100μg/L,Hg为0.12～10μg/L;检出限As为0.68μg/L,Hg为0.12μg/L;方法精密度(RSD,n=5)低于8%。该方法具有前处理简便快速、易于操作、灵敏度高等特点,能满足化肥中砷和汞同时测定的要求。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定生物样品中微量硒的方法研究

生物样品中微量元素硒的分析检测,经典方法是湿法消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法(HGAFS)。湿法消解处理生物样品需使用大量试剂,并且消解时间长,样品背景值高;HG-AFS的分辨率较低,已经不能满足微量硒的分析需求。解决生物样品的消解过程缓慢、试剂用量大的问题是提高样品中微量元素硒的检出限和分辨率的前提。本文采用湿法消解和微波消解两种消解体系处理样品,对两种方法制备的溶液分别采用HG-AFS和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行测定,通过对比试验确定了微波消解ICP-MS方法可以实现生物样品中微量硒的准确测定。对比试验表明:采用高压密闭微波消解前处理样品技术可以大大缩短消解时间,减少试剂用量,降低了样品背景值;利用ICP-MS直接进行测定,方法检出限为0.01μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)小于4%,低于HG-AFS的检出限(0.03μg/g)和精密度(10%)。微波消解ICP-MS方法操作简单快捷,降低了方法检出限,提高了样品分析的准确度和精密度。     

等离子体质谱法测定天然水中痕量元素

本文利用ICP-MS分析技术检出限低,可同时测定多元素,以及溶液进样等特点,建立了天然水中多种痕量元素分析的有效方法,研究了整个测定质量范围内的背景、干扰及其克服方法,讨论了水中Na、Mg、Ca等元素产生的基体效应对被测元素的影响。对含盐量较低的天然水样,可直接测定的痕量元素达50余种,测定限为0.x—xμg/L。高盐水样如海水、卤水等的测定,本文选择共沉淀法,以Fe(OH)_3为捕集剂,使被测元素与大量的碱金属、碱土金属基体分离。分离后可测40种痕量元素,测定限为0.0x—0.xμg/L。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中痕量碘溴硒砷的研究：Ⅱ.土壤及沉积物标准物质分析

样品用碳酸钠和氧化锌混合熔剂半熔，热水提取，然后用强酸性阳离子交换树脂将阴离子形式存在的分析元素与溶液中大量钠、锌等阳离子分离，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接同时测定溶液中的碘、溴、硒、砷。用0.07mol/L的氨水溶液清洗进样系统，有效减少了碘等元素的记忆效应和清洗时间。方法检出限（10σ，DF=100）溴、碘分别为0.15和0.028μg/g，砷、硒分别为0.04和0.004μg/g。用土壤和沉积物等地质标准物质分析验证了方法的准确度和精密度，绝大多数分析结果在标准值的允许误差范围之内。样品10次测定的RSD为0.8%～2.8%。     

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中的 36种元素

土壤和水系沉积物地球化学样品经氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸敞开酸溶消解,王水提取,试液直接用高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HR-ICP-MS)同时测定其中的Li、Be、P、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Rb、Sr、Nb、Mo、Cd、In、Sb、Cs、Ba、Hf、Ta、W、Tl、Pb、Bi、Th、U、Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、K2O、CaO、TFe2O3等36种组分。对各元素的测定同位素及分辨率进行优选,有效消除了绝大多数多原子及双电荷离子干扰的影响。痕量元素的方法检出限(6σ)在0.002～2.031μg/g之间,主量元素的检出限(6σ)在10.0～100μg/g之间(稀释因子=1000),所有元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)均小于10%。方法经国家一级地球化学标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地下水中44个元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定地下水中44个元素。结果表明,ICP-MS可同时测定地下水中44个元素,方法检出限为0.002～0.981μg/L,大多数元素的精密度(RSD,n=10)均小于10%,加标回收率在90.0%～110.0%,符合中国地质调查局地质调查技术标准对无机组分测试质量控制的要求。方法应用于直接测定元素浓度范围在ng/L～mg/L级的实际地下水样品,快速、简便,结果准确。     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中钒铬镍锗砷

地质样品中多种元素的分析,通常采用高压密封消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS),而应用于测定地球化学样品中的V、Cr、Ni、Ge、As等元素,影响分析准确度的主要原因有:样品前处理方面,高压密封罐会释放Cr和Ni污染样品,同时Ge和As属于易挥发元素容易造成损失;质谱测定方面,多原子分子离子会产生干扰。本文针对两方面的干扰因素,对比了微波消解硝酸提取、微波消解王水提取、高压密封硝酸复溶、高压密封王水复溶四种前处理方法中待测元素的溶出效果以及污染或损失情况。结果表明,采用微波消解替代高压密封罐消解可消除引入的Cr、Ni污染,避免了Ge、As挥发损失,同时微波消解的时间短。而采用硝酸提取,由于避免了氯的引入,分析效果优于王水提取。且使用八极杆ICP-MS氦气碰撞模式消除了样品基体中的氯多原子分子离子干扰(如37Cl14N对51V干扰,35Cl16OH对52Cr干扰,35Cl37Cl对72Ge干扰以及40Ar35Cl对75As干扰等)。应用微波消解硝酸提取、ICP-MS测定岩石、水系沉积物和土壤国家标准物质,V、Cr、Ni、Ge、As的检出限分别为1.09、0.19、0.55、0.02、0.50μg/g,精密度(RSD)4%,而采用高压密封消解、ICPMS测定V、Cr、Ni的检出限为3.48、13.09、21.67μg/g(Ge和As由于挥发无法用此法检测)。运用微波消解硝酸提取-ICP-MS氦气碰撞模式测定地球化学样品中V、Cr、Ni、Ge、As,简化了分析流程,样品消解时间仅2 h,相比于高压密封方法(消解时间48 h)具有消解快速、多元素同时测定、检出限低的特点。     

王水溶矿-等离子体光谱法测定砷矿石和锑矿石中砷锑硫铜铅锌

建立了王水溶矿-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定砷矿石和锑矿石中主、次量元素砷、锑、硫及含量范围在100μg/g以上的铜、铅、锌等元素的方法。研究了放置时间、溶液酸度、氧化剂与络合剂对砷、锑、硫及其他元素测定的影响。不同王水浓度酸度对可同时测定的其他元素的影响不明显;当溶液酸度较小时,不能放置,应及时测定;如需放置,应在溶液定容前加入酒石酸防止水解。样品中砷、锑、硫的含量在0.74%～39.7%时,相对误差(RE)在-0.17%～7.74%,5次独立测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2%;含量在100～500μg/g以下的Sb,RE在-2.5%～4.79%,5次独立测定的RSD均小于2%。由于稀释倍数较大(DF=1000),不能准确测定含量在100μg/g以下的铜、铅、锌;含量在100μg/g以上的铜、铅、锌的RE在-10.3%～10.3%,5次独立测定的RSD基本小于5%。经标准物质验证获得满意结果。方法也可应用于砷、锑含量较高的硫化矿的测定。     

稀氨水密封溶解—电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤沉积物及生物样品中的碘溴

介绍了一个适合于电感耦合等离子体质谱直接测定土壤、沉积物和生物样品中碘、溴的快速简单的样品前处理方法。样品在φ(NH3·H2O)=10%的水溶液中,于190℃下密封分解18h,溶液适当稀释后放置澄清,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接测定溶液中的碘、溴。选用126Te作为内标,补偿基体效应和仪器漂移对分析结果的影响。碘、溴的方法检出限(10σ,DF=100)分别为0.01μg/g、0.04μg/g。用土壤、水系沉积物以及头发等标准物质验证了方法的准确度及精密度,绝大多数样品分析结果在标准值的允许误差范围内。对国家一级标准物质10次测定的RSD为2.0%～8.6%。但方法分析岩石样品结果偏低,不适用于岩石样品的分析。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with