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中国中世纪暖期气候研究综述 总被引:16,自引:8,他引:8
中世纪暖期是2000年来全球最重要的气候事件之一,关于中世纪暖期的研究,主要是通过各种代用资料重建气候序列。从目前的研究来看,能敏感响应环境变化的高分辨率的信息载体主要有冰芯、树轮、历史文献、湖泊沉积及石笋等。随着代用资料的开发,对于中世纪暖期的研究已经取得了丰硕的成果,但在中世纪暖期是否具有全球性,不同区域的起讫时间、增温幅度、内部波动以及成因机制等问题上还存在一定争议。主要原因是受重建资料敏感性与地域性限制,加上不同代用指标对气候变化敏感性的差异以及不同代用资料的方法、气候与环境意义等存在差异,定年存在误差。在中国,从对重建资料的整理分析来看,对于"中国是否存在中世纪暖期"这个问题,各研究者们没有达成一致的看法;对于中国中世纪暖期冷暖变化的研究,由于区域差异,东部重建资料以历史文献为主,而西部关于历史气候环境的相关记载很少,所以重建资料以冰芯、湖芯、树轮等为主。大多数的研究结果认为,西部的冷暖变化与东部有着明显的差异,其中最主要的是东部在900~1300 A. D.存在明显的温暖期,而西部则暖期不如东部明显。今后为了更加全面深入的了解中世纪暖期气候特征,应加强各种代用指标高分辨率序列的积累和定量化研究、各种代用指标和重建序列的综合集成研究及其与古气候模拟结果的比较研究,以期从动力学角度加深理解中世纪暖期的区域响应差异。 相似文献
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青藏高原湖泊沉积研究主要围绕青藏高原隆升和全球变化响应开展的。研究揭示了青藏高原隆升具有整体性、阶段性和后期加速性。中晚更新世以来和末次间冰期一冰期气候演化过程得到重建,并能够与冰芯和深海氧同位素记录对比;同时也存在MIS3阶段强烈暖湿和末次冰盛期冷湿等区域特征;新仙女木事件在湖泊沉积物也有明显记录。全新世研究表明青藏高原早期暖湿并经历冷事件,大暖期普遍出现高水位,后期气候向于冷化方向发展。湖泊沉积环境定量化重建也得到研究。青藏高原湖泊沉积应在高分辨率纹层沉积和环境指标定量分析基础理论方面加强研究。 相似文献
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青藏高原湖泊沉积研究及其进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
青藏高原湖泊沉积研究主要围绕青藏高原隆升和全球变化响应开展的。研究揭示了青藏高原隆升具有整体性、阶段性和后期加速性。中晚更新世以来和末次间冰期-冰期气候演化过程得到重建,并能够与冰芯和深海氧同位素记录对比;同时也存在M IS3阶段强烈暖湿和末次冰盛期冷湿等区域特征;新仙女木事件在湖泊沉积物也有明显记录。全新世研究表明青藏高原早期暖湿并经历冷事件,大暖期普遍出现高水位,后期气候向干冷化方向发展。湖泊沉积环境定量化重建也得到研究。青藏高原湖泊沉积应在高分辨率纹层沉积和环境指标定量分析基础理论方面加强研究。 相似文献
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古气候和古环境研究的目的是找出规律,预测气候和环境的变化趋势。利用地球化学方法,通过对沉积岩或沉积物的各种元素和同位素特征的研究,达到追溯古代沉积环境,了解沉积特征的目的。气候和环境的差异会影响光合作用的类型和强度,植物种属和碳同位素的组成也就不同,可以据此进行古生态特征和气候环境的反演。水沉积物中元素的组成与地区乃至全球的气候条件相关,碳酸盐含量等代表不同的环境特征。作为古火灾的产物,炭屑是古环境信息的良好载体,是理解古气候、古环境和古地理的重要途径。Rb、Sr等元素具有独特的地球化学特征,为古环境演化研究提供了新的工具和方法。 相似文献
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湖泊的古水文及古水化学重建是湖泊研究领域最具挑战性的工作之一。在湖泊、河湖相及高湖面沉积物中,萝卜螺属壳体化石广泛分布;而且现生萝卜螺属亦广泛地分布于全球的湖泊及河流。这些生物碳酸盐(文石)壳体成为一种潜在的和高分辨率的环境信息记录载体。近年来,萝卜螺属的生境及其壳体的稳定碳氧同位素和元素已经逐步被用于了解青藏高原及其他地区的古水文、古水化学和古气候的信息。然而,在萝卜螺属壳体如何记录其宿生水体的古水文、古水化学等信息,以及如何基于萝卜螺属壳体化石重建古环境等方面,仍有许多科学问题有待探索。本文在前人研究的基础上,侧重在作为环境信息载体的萝卜螺属的分类体系、生境研究及其应用和壳体指标(δ13Cshell,δ18Oshell,87Sr/86Sr,Sr/Ca和Mg/Ca)特征及其在环境重建中的应用等方面进行总结和展望。 相似文献
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<正> The reconstruction of air trapped in ice cores provides us the most di-rect information about atmospheric CH_4 variations in the past history.Ice corerecords from the“Three Poles(Antarctica,Greenland and Tibetan Plateau)”re-veal the detailed fluctuations of atmospheric CH_4 concentration with time and areallowed to quantify the CH_4 differences among latitudes.These data are indis-pensably in the farther study of the relationship between greenhouse gases andclimatic change,and of the past changes in terrestrial CH_4 emissions.Ice coresreconstruction indicates that atmospheric CH_4 concentration has increased quicklysince industrialization,and the present day's level of atmospheric CH_4(1800 pp-by)is unprecedented during the past Glacial-Interglacial climate cycles. 相似文献
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冰芯作为气候环境信息的良好载体,在研究过去大气环流异常中具有其他气候代用指标难以比拟的优势。本文重点综述了南极冰芯气候记录与南半球环状模(SAM-Southern Annular Mode)的关联特征:SAM与冰芯记录为同期变化,冰芯中NO-3、海盐组分(以Na+为代表)和水同位素比值δ18O同SAM指数具有较好的关联性;冰芯中SO2-4和MSA同SAM存在一定的关联,但相关性不显著;西南极冰芯记录的积累率同SAM具有较强的关联。需要说明的是,冰芯中各参数与SAM的相关性存在较大的空间差异。 相似文献
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A compilation of paleoclimate records from lake sediments, trees, ice cores, and historical documents provide a view of China and Arctic environmental changes in the last 600 years. Many of these changes have also been identified in sedimentary and geochemical signatures in deep-sea sediment cores from the North Atlantic Ocean, Arctic and Greenland and ice cores from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, confirming the linkage of environmental changes of different time scales between the Arctic and China. It is shown that the changes of precipitation, temperature and sea ice cover in Arctic were correlated with climate changes in China. This paper also developed a comparative research on the climate changes between Arctic and China both during the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the instrumental observation period. Cycles and trend of temperature variations during LIA and temperature and precipitation during the instrumental observation period are performed. We found some similarities and differences of environmental changes between Arctic and China. 相似文献
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近600年来北极与中国气候变化的对比 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
许娟 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(3):289-295
A compilation of paleoclimate records from lake sediments, trees, ice cores, and historical documents provide a view of China and Arctic environmental changes in the last 600 years. Many of these changes have also been identified in sedimentary and geochemical signatures in deep-sea sediment cores from the North Atlantic Ocean, Arctic and Greenland and ice cores from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, confirming the linkage of environmental changes of different time scales between the Arctic and China. It is shown that the changes of precipitation, temperature and sea ice cover in Arctic were correlated with climate changes in China. This paper also developed a comparative research on the climate changes between Arctic and China both during the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the instrumental observation period. Cycles and trend of temperature variations during LIA and temperature and precipitation during the instrumental observation period are performed. We found some similarities and differences of environmental changes between Arctic and China. 相似文献
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LIU Shiyin WANG Ninglian DUAN Keqin XIAO Cunde DING Yongjian HAN Haidong 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):401-410
1IntroductionIn the early 1960s, glaciers in western China were classified into maritime- and continental-types by different glacial environment and physical characteristics (Shi and Xie, 1964). With extensive glaciological investigations in the western regions (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology of CAS, 1988), Lai and Huang (1990) suggested a new classification of temperate, subpolar and quasipolar glaciers, corresponding to the maritime-, subcontinental- and extremely contin… 相似文献
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Glacier inventory compilation during the past 20 years and modifications of that for the Eastern Pamir and Banggong Lake indicate that there are 46,342 modern glaciers with a total area and volume of 59415 km2 and 5601 km3 respectively in China. These glaciers can be classified into maritime and continental (including sub-continental and extremely continental) types. Researches show that glaciers in China have been retreating since the Little Ice Age and the mass wastage was accelerated during the past 30 to 40 years. Being an important part of glaciological studies in China, ice core climatic and environmental studies on Tibetan Plateau and in the Antarctica have provided abundant, high resolution information about past climatic and environmental evolution over the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctica. Except for different parameters recorded in ice cores relating to climate and environment changes on Tibetan Plateau, records from ice cores extracted from different glaciers show that the discrepancies in climatic and environmental changes on the north and south parts of the plateau may be the consequence of different influencing effects from terrestrial and solar sources. Glaciological and meteorological phenomena imply that Lambert Glacier valley is an important boundary of climate in the east Antarctica, which is thought to be connected with cyclonic activities and Circum-polar Waves over the Antarctica. 相似文献
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Glacier inventory compilation during the past 20 years and modifications of that for the Eastern Pamir and Banggong Lake indicate that there are 46,342 modern glaciers with a total area and volume of 59415 km^2 and 5601 km^3 respectively in China. These glaciers can be classified into maritime and continental (including sub-continental and extremely continental) types. Researches show that glaciers in China have been retreating since the Little Ice Age and the mass wastage was accelerated during the past 30 to 40 years. Being an important part of glaciological studies in China,ice core climatic and environmental studies on Tibetan Plateau and in the Antarctica have provided abundant, high resolution information about past climatic and environmental evolution over the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctica. Except for different parameters recorded in ice cores relating to climate and environment changes on Tibetan Plateau, records from ice cores extracted from different glaciers show that the discrepancies in climatic and environmental changes on the north and south parts of the plateau may be the consequence of different influencing effects from terrestrial and solar sources.Glaciological and meteorological phenomena imply that Lambert Glacier valley is an important boundary of climate in the east Antarctica, which is thought to be connected with cyclonic activities and Circum-polar Waves over the Antarctica. 相似文献
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南京年纹层石笋δ18O记录的冰期气候事件特征 总被引:12,自引:12,他引:0
根据南京葫芦洞一支石笋高精度230Th年龄及纹层计数建立24~21 ka B.P.时段平均分辨率3年的δ18O季风降水序列,精确标定了IS2事件的发生时间。通过与极地冰芯记录对比,发现G ISP2与石笋时标一致,而GR IP和NGR IP时标在相当事件上偏年轻800~2000年。结合洞内另一支不同时段的石笋年纹层记录,证实东亚季风降水与极地气候在反映气候事件特征上有所不同,季风气候在由干向湿的转型期(包括H2、H1)呈现阶梯式增长特征,其持续时间均超过600年,有可能说明除北大西洋温盐环流外,低纬太平洋海-气耦合也是东亚季风气候的重要触发源。 相似文献
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藏南羊卓雍错沉积物元素地球化学记录的过去2000年环境变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以青藏高原南部的羊卓雍错(简称羊湖)沉积岩芯为研究对象,以较可靠的年代数据( 210Pb和AMS 14C交叉定年)为框架,基于高分辨率的元素地球化学记录,通过数理统计分析方法提取环境信息,结合粒度和磁化率,重建该地区过去2000年来的环境变化。结果显示,该区黑暗时代冷期(DCAP)和小冰期(LIA)气候较为寒冷,降水量较高;而中世纪暖期(MWP)和现代暖期(CWP)气候较为温暖,降水量较低,气候具有冷湿—暖干的特征。其中,重建的温度显示,中世纪暖期的温暖程度似乎持平甚至超过20世纪暖期;小冰期期间可能存在一次百年尺度的温暖事件,而17世纪和18世纪可能是过去2000中最寒冷的一段时期。分析发现,过去2000年以来青藏高原南部存在着冷湿—暖干的气候模式;过去2000年青藏高原南部地区温度的变化可能主要受到太阳辐射的影响,而小冰期期间西风环流的南移和增强可能是导致区域降水增加的重要因素。另外,该时期羊湖的湖泊水位的变化受温度和降水共同控制:当温度降低,降水增加时,湖泊水位上升,反之亦然。 相似文献