相山铀矿田鹏姑山地区热液蚀变地球化学特征及其对找矿的启示

江西相山铀矿田是我国最大的火山岩型铀矿田之一。鹏姑山地区位于相山铀矿田西部,毗邻邹家山、居隆庵等大型铀矿床,成矿地质条件较好。近些年,鹏姑山地区铀矿勘查取得重要突破,区内热液蚀变具有典型的高温蚀变特征,晚期叠加蚀变较少,是研究高温热液蚀变与铀矿化关系的理想场所。鉴于此,本文在野外地质调查的基础上,通过岩相学和全岩地球化学分析,研究了鹏姑山地区高温热液蚀变的地球化学特征,探讨了高温热液蚀变特征及其与铀矿化的关系。研究结果表明,鹏姑山地区高温热液蚀变主要以钠长石化、去硅化、绿泥石化和伊利石化为主,局部叠加有磷灰石化、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化和硅化。铀矿化与钠长石化、磷灰石化、碳酸盐化和去硅化蚀变关系较为密切。研究区铀矿化属碱交代型铀矿化,形成于中高温的还原性环境,磷灰石化促使了高品位铀矿化的形成。在碱交代蚀变之上叠加的磷灰石化和碳酸盐化在矿体部位发育最强烈,可视为鹏姑山地区找矿勘查中最重要的找矿标志。     

非线性铀成矿作用--以上第三系砂岩型铀矿为例

本以滇西上第三系陆相砂岩铀矿为例研究非线性铀成矿作用。与铀矿化有关的参数可分为矿化参量和控制参量,矿化参量以及矿化在控制参量中的分布均遵从对数正态分布,控制参量(温度、压力和地球化学条件)的耦合作用对铀矿化的概率和平均品位的控制作用是非线性的,铀矿化在控制参量构成的相空间中的变化轨迹是一复杂的超曲面。非线性铀成矿作用具分形特征。     

The Nuheting deposit,Erlian Basin,NE China: Synsedimentary to diagenetic uranium mineralization

Sedimentary units deposited during the post-rift stage of the Erlian Basin located in northeast China present an alternation of sandstone and mudstone layers. This sedimentological architecture is at the origin of confined permeable reservoirs hosting sandstone-type uranium deposits. The study of the Nuheting deposit offered the opportunity to identify synsedimentary/early diagenetic uranium concentrations and diagenetic mineralization hosted in mudstone-dominated layers of the Erlian Formation, indicating that a stock of uranium was present in the basin prior to the genesis of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits. Therefore, this pre-existing stock may constitute a significant source of uranium for the formation of roll front deposits present in other parts of the Erlian Basin.Detailed petrographic and geochemical study of drill-core samples from the Nuheting deposit led to the characterization of different stages related to the formation of the uranium ore bodies and allowed to propose a new metallogenic model. Uranium mineralization of the Nuheting deposit is mainly hosted in dark gray silty mudstone of wetland depositional environment of the Late Cretaceous Erlian Formation. Petrographic observations and EMP analyses evidenced that a significant amount of uranium was associated with clay minerals (interstratified clays, smectite, chlorite, palygorskyte, illite and kaolinite), either adsorbed on mineral surfaces as U (VI) ions or reduced mainly as UO₂ nano to microcrystals disseminated in the clayey matrix, which corresponds to synsedimentary/early diagenetic concentrations. Trace elements on pyrite analyzed by LA-ICPMS, petrographic observations and whole-rock geochemical data led to the characterization of a diagenetic uranium mineralization. High As (1–50 ppm), Mo (10–500 ppm) and Se concentrations in the whole rock and the incorporation of these elements in pyrite highlight reducing conditions within the host-rocks during the diagenesis of the Erlian Formation. During the early diagenetic stage, uranium was either desorbed from clay minerals and organic materials to be reduced or directly reduced and precipitated as P-rich coffinite and pitchblende on pyrite crystals. During the late diagenetic stage, uranium was redistributed in situ and locally deposited mainly as coffinite on pyrites. Finally, an epigenetic stage of cementation was identified with sulfate and carbonate minerals, which may enclose some uranium minerals. This epigenetic stage of fluid circulation may be responsible for a minor uranium remobilization. Therefore, the Nuheting deposit experienced three main stages: (i) a synsedimentary/early diagenetic uranium concentration and mineralization, (ii) a late diagenetic in situ uranium remobilization and deposition on pyrite and (iii) an epigenetic cementation. Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that the organic matter contained in host-rocks of the Nuheting deposit is of type IV, inherited from land plant, and do not contain free hydrocarbons (very low S1). Therefore, our results do not support that migrated hydrocarbons were involved as a reducing agent for uranium mineralization.     

Genetic model of uranium mineralization in the Permo-Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Stara Planina eastern Serbia

One deposit and four occurrences of uranium minerals in the Permo-Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Stara Planina in eastern Serbia were ascertained using data from years of multidisciplinary geological research. The minerals are the fissure-filling type, and were assigned to the exogenic mineralization group, being mostly epigene in nature. Relevant geological information was used to derive a genetic model of uranium mineralization in the Permo-Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Stara Planina. The model explains the formation of Permo-Triassic rocks and three stages of the complex process of U mineralization. The genetic model treats: (1) the primary sources of the uranium; (2) the mobility of uranium; and (3) accessory metals from the parent rocks to their deposition in host rocks and the postmineral change in ore bodies. A geochemical barrier zone was identified in the sedimentary rocks that contained uranium mineral ore. This geochemical barrier area included crescent-shaped, flat-lens, or vein-like ore bodies. The U-containing mineral described is comparable with those from the relatively common fissure-filling uranium minerals found around the world.     

Fluid Inclusion Geochemistry of Metallic Ore Deposits in the South- Central Sector of theDa Hinggan Mountains in China

Physicochemical parameters of mineralization such as temperature, pressure, salinity, density, composition and boiling of ore fluids as well as pH, Eh, fo2 and reducing parameter in theprocess of mineralization of major ore deposits in the study district have been obtained by the authors through systematic observation and determination of characteristics and phase changes of fluid inclusions at different temperatures and analysis of gaseous and liquid phase compositions of the inclusions, thus providing a scientific basis for the division of mineralization-alteration stages, types of mineral deposits and minerogenetic series and the deepening of the knowledge about the ore-forming processes and mechanisms of mineral deposits. It is indicated that the deposits of the same type have similar fluid inclusion geochemical features and physicochemical parameters though they belong to different minerogenetic series, while the compositions of inclusions are not conditioned by deposit types but closely related to     

A Novel Approach in Hydrogeochemical Exploration for Uranium Mineralization: an Example from West Central Sinai, Egypt

Groundwater in contact with ore deposits may acquire a chemical composition that could be used as a guide for exploration. Eight well-water samples are collected from a known uranium-mineralized area near Abu Zenima, west central Sinai to examine the applicability of using the hydrogeochemical technique in the search for uranium mineralization in similar arid areas. The analytical chemical data of the ground water is compared with ground radiometric measurements. The obtained results indicate that groundwater affected by uranium mineralization has a specific relativity of major anions expressed essentially as SO4>Cl>HCO3 and to a lesser extent as Cl>SO4>HCO3, associated as a rule with low magnesium content. This association constitutes a signature of uranium mineralization on the composition of groundwater in west central Sinai and could be used as an important exploration guide in the search for uranium deposits in similar areas. Anomalies in Ni, Fe, Zn and Cr and other pathfinder elements in groundwater can furnish geochemical guides to uranium ores. The immobile trace element anomalies, including Zn, Ni and Fe are strongly distributed near the orebody; whereas the relatively mobile trace elements, including Co, U, V and Cr, constitute the dispersion haloes away from the orebody. A new hydrogeochemical discrimination diagram is constructed to be used as a quick and cost effective exploration tool in the search for uranium occurrences in environmentally similar arid areas. Based on the obtained results, a new site for uranium occurrence, west of W. Baba, is delineated and recommended for future detailed geological and geochemical surveying.     

内蒙古东伙房金矿大比例尺成矿预测

东伙房金矿位于内蒙古武川县,为一小型金矿床,属于与浅成花岗斑岩有关的中浅成中高温热液矿床.本次成矿预测思路为：在已知Ⅰ号矿体及其他含金蚀变带上,建立大量的观测点,把每个观测点的地质、地球物理、地球化学、矿物学等方面的成矿信息分析研究,并把Ⅰ号矿体作为已知矿体,总结Ⅰ号矿体的成矿信息特征,建立接近于客观实际的已知矿体模型,用之与其他含金蚀变带进行对比,从而预测出成矿的有利地段.作者把以上这种工作方法称为综合信息叠加组合及相似类比法.本次工作发现了两处较好的矿体,同时发现了一种新的矿化类型——斑岩型金矿化,这对该地区找矿预测具有重要意义.     

中国煤型铀地质–地球化学研究进展

中国铀矿资源缺口巨大,仅靠开发传统铀矿资源无法满足能源和国防建设不断增长对铀资源的需求,煤型铀资源的开发利用可一定程度上缓解对铀资源的需求压力。通过总结近些年煤型铀的研究成果,对我国主要煤型铀矿的含矿点、铀含量范围、含煤地层的形成时代及分布范围进行了归纳,并给出了煤型铀的界定标准（大于或等于40 mg/kg）,为划分煤型铀矿提供依据;对煤型铀的赋存状态、成矿机制及影响因素进行了较为全面的阐述。综合分析认为我国对煤型铀研究较不足,其中对于微观地质选择过程着力不够,而查明煤中铀富集的微观地质选择过程对于成矿机制的理解至关重要;煤型铀矿化时间和期次研究有待进一步加深,有利于分析煤型铀的矿化模式、揭示煤型铀与伴生砂岩型铀矿之间的成因联系,进而深化对煤型铀矿化机制的理解。      

试论砂岩型铀矿成矿机制和成矿作用动力学问题

文章初步讨论了我国北方表生、后生、渗入型砂岩型铀矿的成矿机制和成矿作用动力学问题。成矿作用包括了氧化-还原作用、有机质作用、水-岩相互作用、有机-无机作用和流体动力学等地球化学过程动力学,尤其是水-岩相互作用的流体输运-化学反应过程动力学和有机-无机作用过程。砂岩型铀矿成矿中地球化学障的形成和铀的富集是这些过程多重耦合的结果。识别这些地球化学过程的动力学机制有利于理解矿床成因和确立勘查目标。     

丫他微细粒浸染型金矿床地球化学及成矿机理

通过矿床稀土元素地球化学，同位素地球化学及成矿物理化学条件研究，对矿床成矿物质来源，金的活化与迁移及金的沉淀与聚集等地球化学问题进行详细探讨，并在此基础上分析了矿床成矿机理。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北东部红庆梁地区铀成矿规律及其找矿意义

鄂尔多斯盆地北东部发育一条主体走向呈NNW向的铀成矿带,为进一步评价成矿带中段呼斯梁东–柴登壕西一带的铀成矿潜力,基于煤田资料的铀矿二次开发技术,选取该地段铀矿研究程度较低的红庆梁地区为研究对象,开展地层结构、砂体厚度、顶底板展布及沉积构造演化等成矿地质条件分析,重点研究区内铀矿化规律和主控因素,预测成矿远景。综合分析认为,红庆梁地区铀成矿目的层直罗组下段下亚段泥–砂–泥结构发育,砂体厚度大且呈泛连通状态,目的层沉积期后曾隆升剥蚀出露地表接受含氧含铀水的渗入,铀成矿条件优越,同时砂体非均质性控矿强烈,古层间氧化成矿特征明显,氧化还原障和砂体的非均质性共同控制红庆梁地区铀矿（化）的空间位置。建议下一步工作向红庆梁地区南东和南西两侧有针对性外推。      

华南花岗岩型铀矿表生汲取卸“载”富集成矿模式

华南花岗岩型铀矿的主要地质特征和与其伴生的主要地质事件是建立成矿模式的基础。本文所提出的成矿模式,着重说明矿液循环过程。断裂带内活动的矿液分为两股:一股来自大气降水,自上而下,从围岩中汲取了铀,称载铀液;一股主要来自地壳深部,自下至上,含H_2S等还原物质,谓卸铀体。这两股成因、组份、性质回然不同的溶液在一定深度上相遇混合,使铀沉淀。在此过程中,断裂带中地下热水的纵向循环导致了矿液的贝努利横向循环,致使矿液源源不断地流向成矿区,使那里的成矿作用在某一时期内持续不断地进行。     

河西走廊成矿带区域成矿规律及找矿方向

河西走廊成矿带是分布于祁连地区最北部的Ⅲ级成矿单元(全国统一编号为Ⅲ-20), 目前共有235处矿产地, 形成了石油、煤、凹凸棒石黏土、萤石、石膏、芒硝、石灰岩、天然石英砂、铁、铜、金、钨等40余种矿产。该成矿带以沉积成矿作用为主, 其次为流体、岩浆、变质和表生成矿作用, 可分为11种矿床类型, 主要成矿期为华力西期、加里东期、燕山期和喜马拉雅期。河西走廊成矿带可进一步划分为2个成矿亚带, 分别为玉门—民乐成矿亚带和山丹—中卫—泾源成矿亚带。根据构造空间、成矿时间、成矿作用和矿种等四要素的耦合关系, 河西走廊成矿带厘定了10个矿床成矿系列, 包括4个沉积作用有关矿床成矿系列、3个流体作用有关矿床成矿系列、1个岩浆作用有关矿床成矿系列、1个变质作用有关矿床成矿系列和1个表生作用有关矿床成矿系列。通过细分成矿时段和细化成矿地质作用, 进一步解析出16个矿床成矿亚系列, 并建立了47个矿床式。根据区内地质、矿产、物探、化探和遥感信息, 河西走廊成矿带共圈出5个综合预测区, 为下一步找矿工作指出了方向。     

伊犁盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿机制及成矿模式

本文通过区域构造，地层，岩性，岩相古地理，铀矿化特征及其控制因素等方面研究，论述了伊犁盆地层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿成矿机制及成矿模式。在各种沉积环境标志综合分析和沉积韵律划分的基础上，建立了含矿主岩水西沟群冲积扇快速入湖的相模式，属湿地扇沉积体系，详细地划分了各亚相，确立了主矿层属滨湖三角洲亚相，编制了相应的图件。     

孟公界铀矿床地球化学原生晕模型及预测技术指标

笔者以地球化学原生晕理论为指导,对孟公界铀矿床1号矿体按不同标高进行了采样分析,并对分析数据进行多重数理统计;应用叠加原生晕模型对该矿床的指示性元素的轴向分带规律进行研究,建立了指示性元素自上而下的理想分带序列:Hg-As-Sb-Mo-Ag-Cu-U-W-Cd-Bi-Pb-Sr;结合不同成矿阶段的蚀变矿物组合,构建了孟公界地区热液型铀矿的矿物-蚀变-元素组合原生叠加晕模型。以此为基础,建立了原生晕预测技术指标,用于指导找矿工作。     

煤田资料的铀矿二次开发技术及其找矿意义——以二连盆地ZS煤田铀矿点的发现为例

在中国北方主要盆地铀矿地质调查工作中,煤田自然伽马异常作为主要矿化信息和找矿线索,为一系列铀矿床(点)的快速发现奠定了坚实基础。为进一步提高煤田资料铀矿二次开发的高效性和准确性,运用水成铀矿理论,以中国二连盆地ZS煤矿区典型铀矿点的发现为例,初步探讨了煤田资料的铀矿二次开发技术,提出了"异常筛选与选区分析、原位验证与环境判别、等时地层格架建立与沉积体系分析、综合分析与靶区定位"四位一体的煤矿区铀矿地质调查模式。这对中国北方含煤盆地铀矿地质调查工作提供了新的找矿思路和技术路线,具有较重要的指导意义。     

甘肃省矿床成矿系列研究

通过对省内矿床的形成时代、成矿环境、地质成矿作用及矿床"自然组合"的研究认识,认为矿床是地质环境中的组成部分,成矿作用是形成地质环境的地质作用中的一个组成部分;在各个地质历史阶段的地质构造环境(单元)中的矿床与一定的地质成矿作用有关。利用在一定的地质历史时期或构造运动阶段,在一定的地质构造单元及构造部位,与一定的地质成矿作用有关,形成一组具有成因联系的矿床的自然组合这一成矿系列概念,基本确定了甘肃省内成矿系列序次,重点是对成矿系列进行了划分和鉴别,提出全省有11个成矿系列类型、39个成矿系列的新认识。论证了成矿系列的产出特征,确定出各系列的矿床式。