江苏省宜兴西溪、骆驼墩篮蚬与环棱螺研究

江苏宜兴西溪、骆驼墩篮蚬(Corbicula)与环棱螺(Bellamya)计有10种,其中篮蚬8种,环棱螺2种,属种虽然不多,但是个体数量极多。可分成4个组合类群:一是Corbicula fluminea-Corbicula largillierti组合。这个组合类群地质历程长,适应性强,个体数量多,分布广泛;最早发现于青海柴达木盆地第三系,代表古老类群。二是Corbicula obrutschewi-Corbicula takasaga组合,这个组合类群壳体较大,轮廓三角形,壳长略大于壳高;C. obrutschewi产于河北张家口岔道村附近的下更新统;C. takasaga发现于台湾新竹的上新统苗栗组;但在中、上更新统时期未发现本组合代表,可是到全新世时,宜兴的西溪、骆驼墩又出现本组合代表,似乎是返祖现象。三是Corbicula celsusapica-Corbicula yixingensis组合。本类群壳体中等大小,厚而膨凸,轮廓高圆三角形,壳高大于壳长,壳顶宽大而高耸,铰板宽,壳顶腔很深;Corbicula celsusapica发现于浙江湖州上更新统,C. yixingensis到目前仅见于宜兴。本组合为长江下游的宜兴和浙江湖州新生代晚期的特有种。四是Bellamya quadrata-Bellamya viviparoides组合。本组合在上更新统至现在的河流、湖泊均有,其中B. quadrata化石发现于江苏新沂上更新统,B. viviparoides化石发现于江苏句容上更新统下蜀组。     

台湾地区第四纪地层的时代划分与对比

台湾地区第四纪地层分布广泛，沉积厚度大，成因类型复杂，它划分为早更新世－中更新世早期头科山组、中更新世中期大南湾组、中更新世晚期－晚更新世冲－洪积层、晚更新世中－晚期恒春石灰岩层、全新世冲积层和全新世珊瑚礁。     

珠江口盆地晚第四纪地层及环境初步研究

本文利用珠江口盆地四个工程钻井的古生物、古地磁、同位素及沉积物资料，对钻孔所揭露的地层进行划分，认为所钻遇的地层包括下更新统（上部）、中更新统、上更新统及全新统。依据古生物分异度及含量作出海平面变化曲线，识别出十个海侵期，利用钙质超微化石特征种的初现面和末现面资料，将本区海平面变化曲线与太平洋Ｖ＿（２８－２３９）氧同位素曲线对比，分析了本区晚第四纪以来的沉积环境和气候，认为早更新世晚期，中更新世中期，晚更新世早期及全新世本区气候温暖，沉积环境属陆架浅海环境。     

福建“佛昙群”的地质时代和地层特征

关于“佛昙群”的地质时代，在过去的６４ａ中，人们有着５种不同的见解；第三纪、上新世或第四纪、上新世、晚第三纪上新世至早更新世。本文对５个原“佛昙群”露头剖面进行年代地层学研究，结果表明“佛昙群”中包含有中更新世、早更新世、上新世、中新世和渐新世的地层。     

闽江河口第四纪沉积特征及演变历史

本文研究了闽江河口钻孔揭示的第四纪沉积物的生物、粒度和矿物特征,并探讨了闽江河口的演变历史。在中生代构造运动所奠定的地貌基础上,闽江自第三纪至第四纪早期以上升剥蚀为主,第四纪初期沙溪、富屯溪、建溪等河流即已流归闽江,形成了一条较大的河流,但当时河床大多基岩裸露,直至晚更新世晚期始接受洪冲积相沉积。随着末次冰期的结束,海面不断上升,但早全新世早期闽江河床仍高居于海面之上,仍以河流相沉积为主;早全新世晚期,海水开始侵入闽江,形成了湖沼—河口相沉积。至中全新世,海面已上升至现今海面位置,海水沿闽江河谷入侵,闽江河口退至白沙附近,琅岐岛一带为海湾环境,并接受了相应的沉积。晚全新世河口下移,琅岐岛附近成为河口环境,形成了一套以河口沙坝相和河口相为主的沉积。     

台湾岛以东A-24C及A-50C岩芯中的放射虫化石与沉积环境

根据对台湾岛以东海域A-24C,A-50C岩芯中放射虫化石的分析结果,并借助WP3岩芯有孔虫,δ^18O曲线分析,测试资料,对两岩芯地层作了对比与划分,结果显示：两岩芯的上部（A-24C为0～30cm,A-50C为0～35cm）属全新世沉积;下部（A-24C为30～234cm,A-50C为35～163cm）属晚期更新世沉积。 两岩芯中放射虫丰度、分异度的变化与黑潮主流线的摆动密度相关。末次冰期时的低海面导致黑潮主流线移至研究区（125℃E）以东,放射虫丰度,分异度出现低值,有的层位出现零值,而随着海面回升,黑潮逐渐移至现在的位置,放射虫的丰度,分异度出现高值,另外综合该区分析资料,推算两岩芯的平均沉积速率为A-24C岩芯全新世3cm,晚期更新世12.6cm,A-50C岩芯全新世2.9cm,晚更新世12.4cm,晚期更新世沉积速率均大于全新世。     

鲁中南隆起区第四纪晚期断裂活动特征

根据野外调查，并综合前人的研究资料，对鲁中南地区第四纪晚期断裂活动进行了分析，研究表明，鲁中南隆起区第四纪断裂活动具有时空不均匀性，主要表现为第四纪时期断层活动强度变化和断裂活动的群集性以及第四纪晚期断裂活动段分布的局限性上。对于鲁中南地区而言，活动断层可以分为中更新世中期（500kaBP)至晚更新世初期（90kaBP)活断层和晚更新世中、晚期至全新世早期活断层两类；其中前一类（主要是中更新世断裂）断裂数量较多，分布较为广泛，而晚更新世晚期以来的活动断裂段的数量较少，分布较局限。它们对地震的控制能力不同，前者可控制5．5级左右的地震，而后一类可控制6－7级地震的发生。     

珠江口盆地中部浅地层结构特征与海底不稳定因素研究

通过对“Sonne”号调查船第50航次的地震剖面资料分析,结合一些钻井资料,认为珠江口盆地中部第四纪以来的沉积可分为四套,其中层Ⅰ是浅海相沉积,属全新世;层Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ是海陆相交替沉积,属更新世。在陆架区第四纪沉积厚220—400m,其中全新世沉积厚约29m。作者认为珠江口盆地的不稳定地质因素有:浅层断裂,埋藏古河道,浅层气,泥底辟,活动沙波,海底滑移,活动断裂与地震。     

北海组的地质时代及其沉积环境

雷州半岛和海南岛北部新生代以来是一沉陷区,第四系发育较完整,从老到新有早更新世湛江组、中更新世北海组、晚更新世八所组、全新世早期石岛组、全新世中期灯楼角组、全新世晚期鹿回头组及烟墩组.第四纪以来曾有四期火山岩:早更新世湛江火山岩、早更新世晚期石峁岭火山岩、晚更新世湖光岩火山岩和全新世雷虎岭火山岩.现仅就第四系中的北海组进行论述.本文是我队共同劳动成果,由薛万俊同志执笔,文中谬误之处,请批评指正.一、北海组的岩性北海组主要分布于雷州半岛北部、广西北海地区及海南岛沿岸.前人最早在北海市发现该地层,故称“北海组”.北海组呈棕红、棕黄色,有的地方可见到网纹,按岩性分为两层,上层为粘土质砂,下层为砂砾.各地岩性略有差异,详见以下剖面.     

广东饶平海山区第四纪腹足类

首次报道了广东饶平海山区腹足类。经整理和分类研究,共鉴定出腹足类16科25属30种。这些种均为现生分布种,主要分布在中国沿海,特别是浙江以南海区,少数分布在黄海较北部海区。大多数种类栖息于低潮线至浅海几十米水深的沙泥质或泥沙质海底,也出现一些潮间带岩礁栖息型种类。可能反映了具较高海水能量的浅水沉积环境。根据动物群的组合特征,它们应为第四纪全新世的产物。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.