楼板隔震消能结构的振动台试验研究

用同一个单层钢框架结构模型,分别做成传统结构体系和楼板隔震消能结构体系。模型在每一种结构体系下分别做模拟地震振动台试验,先后在x向按7度小震和大震烈度输入E l Centro波、Taft波和天津波,比较单层钢框架模型在两种结构体系下的地震反应。试验结果表明,采用楼板隔震消能结构体系能够显著减小结构的加速度反应和底部剪力反应。     

三维隔震(振)支座的工程应用与现场测试

首先介绍了一种新型三维隔震(振)支座,该支座由联接件、竖向隔振支座和水平隔震支座组成。竖向隔振支座和水平隔震支座具有较小刚度,采用该类型支座的隔震结构,其竖向基频和水平基频可远离地铁、铁路振动和地震的主频,从而实现竖向隔振和水平隔震作用。其次介绍了该三维隔震(振)支座在某一地铁平台上部结构中的应用情况,对该类型支座进行了竖向性能和水平性能试验。最后对三维隔震(振)结构与传统结构进行了地铁运行时结构振动的对比测试。测试结果表明:三维隔震(振)系统对振动的高频信号具有显著衰减效果。     

层间隔震技术评述

层间隔震结构是隔震技术的新发展,它将隔震层设置在建筑物某层柱子和楼板之间进行结构的地震反应控制。层间隔震结构在减震机理、振动特性以及设计方法等诸多方面有别于基础隔震结构和屋盖隔震结构。本文对层间隔震结构的适用范围、优点以及其在实际工程中的应用情况进行了综述,最后,指出了层问隔震结构需要进一步研究的问题。现有的研究成果和工程应用情况表明,层间隔震结构具有明确的减震效果,施工方便,是一种具有发展前途的减震体系。     

磁悬浮隔震支座竖向及水平刚度数值研究

基于电磁学原理,开发一种新型隔震支座——磁悬浮隔震支座。该支座在地震发生时能够利用电磁吸力使上部结构与基础脱离接触,从而避免地震动向上部结构传递。推导电磁悬浮隔震系统运动方程,采用ANSYS建立磁悬浮隔震支座有限元模型,数值分析支座的竖向及水平刚度随线圈安匝数、悬浮间隙和水平位移的变化规律。结果表明:磁悬浮隔震系统是一种主动变刚度隔震系统,竖向及水平刚度与安匝数、悬浮间隙和水平位移存在非线性关系。此外,竖向刚度可以通过调整电流达到"零刚度"状态,从而使上部结构在竖直方向上不发生振动。     

分层摇摆式连接减震结构体系分析研究

分析研究了一种新型的结构减震控制体系——分层摇摆式连接减震结构体系。该体系由分层摇摆式竖向自承重主结构、抗水平侧力外框架副结构、以及连接主副结构的阻尼器组成。其中,分层摇摆式竖向自承重体系由分层两端铰接柱和层贯通梁组成,外框架承受水平外荷载,同时阻尼器可以传递侧向力并且起到消能减震的作用。相比于传统抗弯框架,该体系可以同时减小基频和高阶模态响应。通过基于H2控制算法和稳定度最大化准则,采用多目标优化算法优化设计连接阻尼器各参数。通过3层benchmark模型的有限元分析和两层原理模型的小型振动台试验验证了理论模型的正确性,同时表明该体系具有理想的减震控制效果。     

小高宽比隔震结构双向输入振动台试验研究及数值分析

本文对高宽比为2.5的普通钢框架隔震结构模型,采用多种不同的地震动进行了水平向和竖向双向地震输入的振动台试验研究,并利用时程分析法完成了模型结构地震反应的数值分析。试验结果表明,高宽比隔震结构在水平向和竖向双向输入情况下隔震层基本上不会进入拉伸应力状态,即使在9度大震E l Centro和Hach inohe波输入时,隔震层支座仍以受压为主。因此小高宽比隔震结构在场地好的情况下,结构不会出现倾覆,仅需考虑软弱土场地的受拉情况。试验发现竖向地震输入对小高宽比隔震结构水平反应的影响相当小;对小高宽比隔震结构进行水平向地震反应分析时,可以忽略竖向地震对结构的影响。     

基础隔震结构考虑摆动的振动控制研究

在基础隔震结构中,当上部结构层间刚度相对较小、垂直荷载较大,且采用的叠层橡胶垫的橡胶总厚度较大时,隔震支座不仅要产生水平变形,同时也会产生竖向变形,导致上部结构产生摆动.文中推导了基础隔震结构考虑摆动的运动和控制方程,分析研究了摆动对基础隔震结构的振动控制影响.研究结果表明:基础隔震结构的摆动对控制有一定影响;隔震层转动刚度、阻尼和上部结构垂直荷载对基础隔震结构考虑摆动的振动控制有明显影响.     

隔震换能结构体系的能量分析

将换能器安装在隔震结构的隔震层处,由结构和换能装置构成隔震换能结构体系,它既可以将地震输入给结构的部分能量转换成液压能,实现地震能量的转换,又能减小隔震层的水平位移,降低对隔震层的技术要求,降低造价。本文详细研究地震输给隔震换能结构体系的能量在体系各部分的分配,并与普通隔震结构对比,从能量的角度揭示隔震换能体系的换能控制原理。     

核电结构三维隔震研究

三维隔震对保护核电厂结构和内部设备设施安全具有重要意义。首先,设计了一种三维隔震控制系统,该系统包括水平隔震层和竖向隔震层,在竖向隔震层中设置抗摇摆装置以达到控制结构摇摆反应。其次,对三维隔震模型进行了振动台试验验证,振动台试验结果表明,该系统能有效减小上部结构地震响应。最后,对核岛厂房采用三维隔震技术进行了讨论,分析了强震作用下核岛厂房三维隔震结构反应特征。     

多层隔震结构的竖向地震作用研究

国外对隔震结构竖向地震反应的观测结果和对隔震结构竖向地震作用计算的规定,都与我国抗震规范有较大差别。本文通过反应谱和时程分析,讨论了多层隔震结构的竖向地震作用取值及竖向地震作用效应,对我国抗震规范的有关规定作了探讨,认为除位于近断层附近的隔震建筑外,其它隔震结构的竖向地震作用可取与不隔震结构相同;对于多层隔震建筑,多遇地震下可不考虑竖向地震作用,在罕遇地震下,应对所有隔震结构验算支座是否受拉或失稳,并且组合时应计入竖向地震作用效应。     

滑移摩擦隔震系统在多向地面运动作用下的试验研究

基础隔震通常只考虑隔离水平地面运动，而对竖向地面运动的影响注意不够，本文进行了滑移摩擦隔震系统的振动台房屋模型试验，研究多向地面运动输入时上部结构反应和隔震系统的性能，试验中分别对模型输入了不同方向的地震动，其中包括水平单向、水平双向、水平和竖向及三向地震动输入，对试验结果进行了分析比较，结果表明竖向地震动输入对上部结构的水平地震反应有显著影响，同时在橡胶隔震支座中产生了竖向拉力。     

Seismic response of light internal equipment in base-isolated structures

The seismic response of light secondary systems in a building is dependent on the response of the primary structural system to the seismic ground motion with the result that very high accelerations can be induced in such secondary systems. This response can be reduced through the use of aseismic base isolation which is a design strategy whereby the entire building can be decoupled from the damaging horizontal components of seismic ground motion by the use of some form of isolation system. The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the response of light equipment in isolated structures and a parallel experimental programme both of which show that the use of base isolation can not only attenuate the response of the primary structural system but also reduce the response of secondary systems. Thus, the design of equipment and piping in a base-isolated building is very much simpler than that for a conventionally founded structure: inelastic response and equipment-structure interaction need not be considered and multiple support response analysis is rendered unnecessary. Although an isolation system with linear elastic bearings can reduce the acceleration of the structure, it may be accompanied by large relative displacements between the structure and the ground. A system using lead-rubber hysteretic bearings, having a force-displacement relation which is approximately a bilinear loop, can reduce these displacements. A parallel experimental programme was carried out to investigate the response of light equipment in structures isolated using lead-rubber bearings. The experimental results show that these bearings can dissipate energy and limit the displacement and acceleration of the structure but are less effective in reducing the accelerations in the internal equipment. The results of both the analysis and the tests show that base isolation is a very effective method for the seismic protection of light equipment items in buildings.     

Fuzzy logic control of bridge structures using intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems

Passive supplemental damping in a seismically isolated structure provides the necessary energy dissipation to limit the isolation system displacement. However, damper forces can become quite large as the passive damping level is increased, resulting in the requirement to transfer large forces at the damper connections to the structure which may be particularly difficult to accommodate in retrofit applications. One method to limit the level of damping force while simultaneously controlling the isolation system displacement is to utilize an intelligent hybrid isolation system containing semi-active dampers in which the damping coeffic ient can be modulated. The effectiveness of such a hybrid seismic isolation system for earthquake hazard mitigation is investigated in this paper. The system is examined through an analytical and computational study of the seismic response of a bridge structure containing a hybrid isolation system consisting of elastomeric bearings and semi-active dampers. Control algorithms for operation of the semi-active dampers are developed based on fuzzy logic control theory. Practical limits on the response of the isolation system are considered and utilized in the evaluation of the control algorithms. The results of the study show that both passive and semi-active hybrid seismic isolation systems consisting of combined base isolation bearings and supplemental energy dissipation devices can be beneficial in reducing the seismic response of structures. These hybrid systems may prevent or significantly reduce structural damage during a seismic event. Furthermore, it is shown that intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems are capable of controlling the peak deck displacement of bridges, and thus reducing the required length of expansion joints, while simultaneously limiting peak damper forces. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An isolation system for limited seismic gaps in near‐fault zones

The ability of a recently proposed seismic isolation system, with inherent self‐stopping mechanism, to mitigate or even eliminate seismic pounding of adjacent structures is investigated under severe near‐fault earthquakes. The isolation system is referred to as roll‐in‐cage (RNC) isolator. It is a rolling‐based isolator that provides in one unit the necessary functions of vertical rigid support, horizontal flexibility with enhanced stability, hysteretic energy dissipation, and resistance to minor vibration loads. In addition, the RNC isolator is distinguished by a self‐stopping (buffer) mechanism to limit the bearing displacement under excitations stronger than a design earthquake or at limited seismic gaps, and a linear gravity‐based self‐recentering mechanism to prevent permanent bearing displacement without causing vertical fluctuation of the isolated structure. A previously developed multifeature SAP2000 model of the RNC isolator is improved in this paper to account for the inherent buffer mechanism's damping. Then, the effectiveness of the isolator's buffer mechanism in limiting peak bearing displacements is studied together with its possibly arising negative influence on the isolation efficiency. After that, the study investigates how to alleviate or even eliminate those possibly arising drawbacks, due to the developed RNC isolator's inner pounding as a result of its buffer activation, to achieve efficient seismic isolation with no direct structure‐to‐structure pounding, considering limited seismic gaps with adjacent structures and near‐fault earthquakes. The results show that the RNC isolator could be an efficient solution for aseismic design in near‐fault zones considering limited seismic gaps. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隔震层位置与隔震支座选型

探讨隔震层的竖向设计位置,以期优化隔震设计,促进隔震技术的发展。隔震层设置在±0.00地板下和地下室板底相比:(1)在单层地下室部分不需设置隔震支座;(2)因减少地下室层的竖向荷载,竖向承载力的要求容易得到满足;(3)对于平面极不规则的结构,在±0.00板底隔震时,可以把上部结构分成几个平面相对比较规则的部分,因而隔震层扭转影响引起的位移可以减小;(4)对于文中算例,由于此3方面的原因,隔震支座选型后当隔震层处于±0.00地板下时可以降低隔震支座的费用达37.4%。对于平面尺寸大、平面极不规则的建筑结构把上部结构分割成若干规整的结构在首层地面以下进行隔震是一种经济可行的隔震方案。     

双防线可恢复性能斜交网格结构耗能机制和抗震性能研究

为提高斜交网格结构的抗震性能,提出一种双防线可恢复性能斜交网格结构。双防线可恢复性能斜交网格结构采用剪切耗能段和特定梁端塑形铰进行集中耗能,使主体结构构件保持弹性。剪切耗能段不承受和传递重力荷载,易在震后修复或更换,使建筑可迅速恢复功能。为实现目标耗能机制,对等效能量塑形设计法进行改进以适用于可恢复性能斜交网格结构,并进行结构设计举例。采用OpenSees软件对所设计结构建立详细的有限元计算模型,进行非线性动力时程分析,以验证双防线耗能机制并评估抗震性能。分析结果表明:（1）小震、中震和大震下的结构顶部位移角分别为0.28%、0.8%和1.7%,与性能设计目标基本相同;（2）中震时剪切耗能段屈服,特定梁端未出现塑性铰;（3）大震时,特定梁端出现塑性铰以增加结构耗能能力,剪切耗能段屈服且处于延性范围内。因此新型可恢复性能斜交网格结构具有有效的双防线耗能机制,在中震后可迅速修复,在大震中可保持延性,实现"中震可修,大震不倒"的性能目标。     

Response of hybrid isolation system during a shake table experiment of a full‐scale isolated building

A full‐scale 5‐story steel moment frame building was subjected to a series of earthquake excitations using the E‐Defense shake table in August, 2011. For one of the test configurations, the building was seismically isolated by a hybrid system of lead‐rubber bearings and low friction roller bearings known as cross‐linear bearings, and was designed for a very rare 100 000‐year return period earthquake at a Central and Eastern US soil site. The building was subject to 15 trials including sinusoidal input, recorded motions and simulated earthquakes, 2D and 3D input, and a range of intensities including some beyond the design basis level. The experimental program was one of the first system‐level full‐scale validations of seismic isolation and the first known full‐scale experiment of a hybrid isolation system incorporating lead‐rubber and low friction bearings. Stable response of the hybrid isolation system was demonstrated at displacement demands up to 550 mm and shear strain in excess of 200%. Torsional amplifications were within the new factor stipulated by the code provisions. Axial force was observed to transfer from the lead‐rubber bearings to the cross‐linear bearings at large displacements, and the force transfer at large displacements exceeded that predicted by basic calculations. The force transfer occurred primarily because of the flexural rigidity of the base diaphragm and the larger vertical stiffness of the cross‐linear bearings relative to the lead‐rubber bearings.     

Development of elasto-plastic viscous damper finite element model for reinforced concrete frames

By advancing the technologies regarding seismic control of structures and development of earthquake resistance systems in the past decades application of different types of earthquake energy dissipation system has incredibly increased. Viscous damper device as a famous and the simplest earthquake energy dissipation system is implemented in many new structures and numerous number of researches have been done on the performance of viscous dampers in structures subjected to earthquake. The experience of recent severe earthquakes indicates that sometimes the earthquake energy dissipation devices are damaged during earthquakes and there is no function for structural control system. So, damage of earthquake energy dissipation systems such as viscous damper device must be considered during design of earthquake resistance structures.This paper demonstrates the development of three-dimensional elasto-plastic viscous damper element consisting of elastic damper in the middle part and two plastic hinges at both ends of the element which are compatible with the constitutive model to reinforce concrete structures and are capable to detect failure and damage in viscous damper device connections during earthquake excitation. The finite element model consists of reinforced concrete frame element and viscous damper element is developed and special finite element algorithm using Newmark׳s direct step-by-step integration is developed for inelastic dynamic analysis of structure with supplementary elasto-plastic viscous damper element. So based on all the developed components an especial finite computer program has been codified for “Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Earthquake Energy Dissipation System”. The evaluation of seismic response of structure and damage detection in structural members and damper device was carried out by 3D modeling, of 3 story reinforced concrete frame building under earthquake multi-support excitation.     

基础隔震结构的减震耗能特性分析

根据基础隔震理论,在钢筋沥青隔震礅的基础上,提出一种新型钢结构隔震礅,设计和制作了缩尺房屋模型,并对其进行振动台试验。通过对隔震结构模型的动力特性、地震响应及能量平衡分析,绘制试验过程中的加速度及能量时程曲线,研究钢隔震礅应用于低层框架结构的减震耗能能力。大量工程实例可以看出该隔震礅隔震效果显著,制作简单、价格低廉、耐久性好,适于在广大村镇地区低层框架结构中推广使用。试验表明:隔震结构模型在不同的地震作用下,加速度折减系数处在0.24~0.51之间,且结构的阻尼耗能在振动台试验中占总输入能量的60%~70%,对结构耗能起主导作用,说明该基础隔震装置不仅具有较好的减震耗能特性能,对于控制隔震层的位移也有好的效果。