抓住契机 发挥优势 全面推进海洋行政管理

举国瞩目的《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》已于２００２年１月１日正式实施了，这不仅是我国海洋立法史上的重要里程碑，而且对我省海洋经济持续、快速、健康发展，保障海洋资源的可持续利用必将产生巨大的影响和作用。河北是我国沿海省市之一，拥有海岸线４８７km，海岸带总面积１１３７９．８８km２，潮间带１１６７．９km２，浅海６４５５．６km２，海岛１３２个，面积８．４３km２，构成了我省极其丰富的海洋资源。河北省海洋资源具有以下特点：第一，位于环渤海经济圈的中心地带，南北相邻海洋科技力量雄厚、海洋经济发达的山东和辽…     

依法管好用好海域 促进海洋经济可持续发展

大家盼望已久的《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》（以下简称《海域法》）于２００１年１０月２７日由第九届全国人大常务委员会第２４次会议通过，并由中华人民共和国主席江泽民签署第６１号令颁布，自２００２年１月１日起施行，这是我国政府依法强化海洋综合管理的又一重大举措，是我国海洋法制化建设又一个重要里程碑，也是值得全国海洋战线隆重庆祝并欢欣鼓舞的一件大喜事！《海域法》的发布施行，不仅标志着我国海域使用管理工作开始走上依法用海、以法管海的新阶段，而且对于依法加大海域使用管理的力度，遏制海域使用无序、无度、无…     

管好海域资源 构建生态文明——写在《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》实施十周年之际

我国是海洋大国,辽阔的海域是我国经济社会实现可持续发展的重要载体和战略空间。2002年1月1日,《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》正式施行,这是我国政府依法强化海洋综合管理的重大举措,在我国海洋法制建设史上具有里程碑意义。10年来,在党中央、国务院的高度重视下,在地方各级党委和政府的大力支持下,各级海洋行政主管部门认真履行职责,坚持依法行政,海洋功能区划、海域权属管理、海域有偿使用三项基本制度得到了较好落实,     

管好海域资源 构建生态文明——写在《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》实施十周年之际

我国是海洋大国,辽阔的海域是我国经济社会实现可持续发展的重要载体和战略空间。2002年1月1日,《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》正式施行,这是我国政府依法强化海洋综合管理的重大举措,在我国海洋法制建设史上具有里程碑意义。10年来,在党中央、国务院的高度重视下,在地方各级党委和政府的大力支持下,各级海洋行政主管部门认真履行职责,坚持依法行政,海洋功能区划、海域权属管理、海域有偿使用三项基本制度得到了较好落实,     

依法加强海域使用管理为海洋经济可持续发展保驾护航

今年是《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》（以下简称《海域法》）实施的第一年，我愿就依法加强海洋管理特别是海域使用管理的问题，从主管部门的角度谈点意见，同大家一起探讨。一、加强海洋管理已成为当今时代潮流自《联合国海洋法公约》生效以来，联合国对国际海洋事务越来越重视。１９９３年第４８届联大决议，敦促沿海国把海洋综合管理列入国家发展议程；从１９９７年以来，联合国秘书长每年都向联大作海洋事务报约》协调各国与海洋有关的利益关系，联合国成立了国际海底管理局、国际海洋法法庭、大陆架界线委员会等一系列专门海洋机构…     

认真学法用法守法 加强海域管理

一、学习《海域使用管理法》的体会《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》已于２００２年１月１日起施行。我们通过学习，深刻体会到，这部法律的颁布，既是我国海洋立法史上的一件大事，也是我国依法治国，强化海洋综合管理的重大举措；既是建立适应社会主义市场经济要求的海洋管理体制的一次深刻变革，也是海域管理者和使用者必须共同遵守的行为准则，对海洋主管部门依法管海，海域使用者合法用海具有重大意义。它标志着我国的海域使用管理工作已经走上了规范化、法制化的轨道，必将对促进我国海洋经济持续、快速、健康发展，保障海洋资源的可…     

强化海域管理 促进经济发展

盐城市作为国家第二批海域使用管理示范区，通过一年多的艰苦工作，取得了良好的成绩。全市共登记海域使用申请５３８份，登记使用海域面积３２０万多亩，海域使用登记率达１００％，完成了大比例尺功能区划的编制，起草了４个规范性文件，海域管理工作实现了明显转变：一是海域使用管理由有法不依、无序用海向科学管理、依法用海转变。《暂行规定》确定的两项制度已纳入规范化、法制化管理轨道，海域使用许可证制度基本建立。广大海域使用者根据需要，依法申请登记用海，初步改变了以往自由放任，擅自占用海域的现象；二是海域使用者初步树…     

海域使用价格区域平衡浅析

我国海洋经济进入高速发展时期，迫切需要海域管理体系与海洋经济协调发展，而我国各地区海洋开发程度和经济发展水平差异较大，海域市场尚未成熟，海域使用价格差距大，严重阻碍了我国海洋经济的发展。本文针对我国海域使用价格管理中的问题，初步研究海域使用价格区域平衡理论。     

加强海域管理工作 全面贯彻实施《海域法》

在国家海洋局和省海洋与渔业厅的大力支持和指导下,青岛市认真贯彻执行海域使用管理法律法规,进一步解放思想,开拓进取,突出重点,狠抓落实,海域使用管理工作取得了新的进展,通过宣传、贯彻《海域使用管理法》,依法管海、依法用海的良好氛围已在社会上逐步形成,海域使用三项制度得以不断推进,初步实现了法制化、规范化、科学化的预定目标。一、总结经验,开拓创新,全面推进示范区建设工作的开展青岛市被国家海洋局和财政部确定为第二批海域使用管理示范区,我们把海域使用管理示范区建设工作放在首要位置,严格实施《中华人民共和国海域使用管理…     

迈向现代化国际海洋名城

青岛依海而建成，因海而兴，海洋是青岛的最大优势。进入２１世纪———海洋世纪，作为我国东部重要的经济中心城市、港口城市、国家历史文化名城和风景旅游胜地，青岛突出海洋特色，立足于发挥海洋优势，积极实施“以法治海”、“科技兴海”和“可持续发展”战略，大力弘扬海洋文化的丰富内涵，加快发展海洋经济、海洋科技和海洋体育等海洋事业，从而加快了向现代化国际海洋名城迈进的步伐。这主要表现在以下几个方面：海洋资源大市。青岛海岸线全长８７０km，海湾４９处，海岛６９个，邻近海域约１．３８万km２，滩涂面积３７５km２，２０…     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.