美国的测绘发展战略

在人类踏进新世纪门槛的时候，如何继往开来，成为世界各国政要、军界、企业家，乃至各界人士普遍关心的问题。测绘界当然也不例外。世界各国的测绘界纷纷制定发展战略。他山之石，可以攻玉。本文介绍了美国的测绘发展战略，由此可以了解国外特别是发达国家制定的测绘发展战略，开拓我们的视野。     

测距三角高程的较佳测角方法

测距三角高程代替等级水准测遥的研究和试验，得到了测绘界的普遍重视。但仍存在着许多理论和技术问题的研讨。如测距三角高程测量中垂直角测最误差一般影响最大，三角高程网一经实地选定后，如何选择垂直角的最佳施测方法来提高三角高程的精度。下面便对测距三角高程网、     

论基础测绘现代化与新型基础测绘

2015年国务院批复同意的《全国基础测绘中长期规划纲要(2015—2030年)》首次提出"新型基础测绘"这一概念,并明确新型基础测绘的基本特征是"全球覆盖、海陆兼顾、联动更新、按需服务、开放共享"。如何理解其中"新型"的含义,如何在工作和实践层面推动新型基础测绘工作,当前还普遍面临着较多困惑。本文力图从基础测绘的技术和管理属性出发,分析基础测绘现代化的发展方向,明确新型基础测绘的基本内涵和总体要求,在此基础上提出了新型基础测绘的总体框架和实现路径。     

北京测绘学会喜庆五十华诞第六届京港澳测绘技术交流会同时召开

11月15日至14日，北京测绘学会成立50周年庆典暨第六届京港澳测绘技术交流会在京举行。京、港、澳三地测绘工作者济济一堂，共庆北京测绘学会50华诞，共同探讨如何推动三地信息化测绘技术的发展与应用。     

航测数字化测绘产品的质量控制与检查

航测数字化技术正在逐步普及，数字化测绘产品将越来越多，如何控制和检查产品质量，是本所要探讨的主要问题。     

规范房产测绘行为，促进房产测绘市场健康发展——四川召开房产测绘工作交流会议

当前房产测绘市场的现状如何，有哪些工作经验?存在什么问题?如何促进其健康发展?带着这些问题，四川省测绘局于2003年12月组织召开了全省房产测绘工作交流会议，全省有91家具有房产测绘资格单位的130余名代表和省测绘行政主管职能部门负责人参加了会议。四川省测绘学会房产专业委员会委员应邀到会。会上，四川省测绘局史同和副局长就房产测绘的重要地位，     

数字正射影像结合LiDAR数据在山区测绘中的应用

随着信息化社会的到来，现代水利测绘已经由传统测绘向信息化测绘发展，无人机技术应用于测绘行业推进了信息化测绘进程。本文探讨了如何有效利用无人机技术解决测绘领域在山区遇到的问题。固定翼无人机能及时获取地面数字正射影像数据，捕获裸露地面的平面和高程，但是无法获取植被覆盖下的地表高程信息，因此，本文通过机载激光雷达获取植被覆盖下的LiDAR点云数据；将二者数据相结合，再通过EPS软件生成三维地表模型，可以快速获取任何测区地物和地形数据，不仅提高了工作效率，还降低了外业劳动强度。     

浅谈测绘专业技术设计

测绘专业技术设计是测绘生产过程中非常重要的工作,设计质量好坏直接影响生产作业效率和产品质量。简要阐述了测绘专业技术设计的结构体系、需要注意的问题以及如何规范设计书的编写,供相关人员参考。     

基于网络环境的数字测绘生产安全体系

目前局域网已在各测绘单位普遍建立，网络安全问题变得越来越突出，构建立体的数字测绘生产安全体系应从物理安全、网络安全、系统安全、网络防病毒、安全管理等几个方面进行。     

谈谈我队测绘技术管理工作

测绘产品的质量，直接影响到有关的国民经济建设工作。也町以说测绘产品质量对于保证各项建设的顺利进行，起着举足轻重的作用。当前在推行全面质量管理工作中，一个重要的问题，就是测绘技术管理问题。因为技术设计，生产实施，质量监督，产品检验，都离不开技术管理。尤其外业测绘工作，高度流动分散，技术管理显得更为重要。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。