淄博煤田煤的稀土元素地球化学特征

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）对淄博煤田煤（35个样品,其中12个顶底板样品及1个夹矸样品）的稀土元素进行测试,并测定了灰分及相关的伴生元素含量。全面分析了稀土元素、地球化学参数、空间分布规律及分布模式,探讨了淄博煤田石炭—二叠纪煤中稀土元素的特征及来源。研究表明:与国内外其他地区相比,淄博地区煤中稀土元素相对富集;太原组煤中的稀土元素高于山西组,在同一煤层中自顶部到底部呈现增高趋势,并在顶底板和夹矸中明显富集;Eu存在明显的负异常,而Ce值基本正常,表明成煤环境可能为浅海或封闭海域,不同煤层稀土元素分布模式基本一致,稀土元素与灰分正相关,与反映陆源的元素相关性较好,而与反映海相的元素相关性较差。     

淮北孟庄煤矿煤中砷的分布和赋存规律研究

以安徽省淮北煤田孟庄煤矿3,5和6煤层为研究对象,系统刻槽采取3个煤层的15个样品,采用仪器中子活化法(INNA)测试了煤中砷和稀土等元素的含量,研究了砷在3,5和6煤层的空间分布,分析了砷与灰分、稀土元素、硫以及含量之间的相关性。研究结果表明:孟庄煤矿煤中的砷的含量略高于与华北-石炭二叠纪煤中砷的算术平均含量,低于全国煤中砷的平均值;煤中的砷与灰分含量、稀土元素以及铝含量之间存在较好的相关性,表明研究区煤中的砷与陆源存在一定的关系,无机组分的砷可能主要被粘土矿物吸附。     

淮北煤田二叠纪煤中稀土元素地球化学研究

从淮北煤田二叠系10,7,5,4和3煤层中采集34个样品,采用等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）、中子活化（INNA）、等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）等方法对样品中主量元素和稀土元素进行了测试,利用X射线衍射等方法对煤中矿物质及其煤质参数进行了测定。在各种测试的基础上,全面分析了稀土元素含量特征、空间分布规律、地球化学参数和分布模式,探讨了淮北煤田二叠纪煤中稀土元素的主要来源及其在煤中的主要赋存方式。研究表明：与华北和国内外其他地区相比,本区煤层中稀土元素相对富集;产于石盒子组煤中的稀土元素含量高于山两组的,在同一煤层中自下而下稀土元素含量有增高趋势,在顶底板中可能出现富集。Ce呈正异常,Eu明显负异常,不同煤层稀土元素的分布模式相似,稀土元素和灰分具有较好的正相关,∑REE与灰分、灰分中的主要元素以及典型陆源灰分中的微量元素正相关,与反映海相的低灰组分相关性较差。结合煤中矿物质的X射线衍射结果,分析获知,淮北煤田二叠纪成煤环境基本不受海水影响,稀土元素主要由陆源供给,而且主要赋存在以高岭石、伊利石为主的粘土矿物中。     

淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素地球化学特征

为探究淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素来源及地球化学特征,采集淮南煤田深部山西组煤煤样、夹矸、顶板和底板共20个样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测试样品中稀土元素含量及伴生元素含量,探讨了研究区深部山西组煤中稀土元素地球化学特征。研究结果表明:淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素含量平均值为40.85 mg/kg,低于中国煤中稀土元素含量平均值;煤中稀土元素配分模式主要是H型配分模式;Eu元素明显负异常,表明煤中稀土元素沉积环境为还原环境;Ce元素呈微弱正异常,表明成煤沼泽环境中海水的影响并未造成Ce的严重亏损;相关性分析结果显示,山西组煤中稀土元素与灰分呈正相关(R2=0.55),与陆源碎屑元素Al、Cr和Th等呈显著正相关,且与海相特征元素(B、Sr和Ca)相关性不明显。     

渭北煤田下峪口矿二叠纪煤中稀土元素地球化学研究

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP MS）对渭北煤田韩城下峪口矿二叠纪主采煤层及其顶底板中的稀土元素进行了测定。在此基础上,全面分析了稀土元素的含量特征和分布模式,探讨渭北煤田二叠纪煤中稀土元素的主要来源及赋存状态。结果表明：与华北和中国煤均值相比,本区煤层中稀土元素相对不富集,∑REY平均含量为87.70 μg/g;剖面上,2号煤中稀土含量稍高于3号煤,3号煤层中自上而下,稀土元素含量呈降低的趋势,在顶底板中出现富集。研究区煤层中轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素明显富集,Ce呈微弱正异常,成煤沼泽受海水的影响程度较小。Eu明显负异常,且∑REY含量与CaO含量呈负相关关系,说明当时的成煤环境为酸性还原环境。煤层与其顶底板样品中稀土元素分布模式相似,成煤期间物质来源基本一致,陆源物质供应相对稳定。煤中稀土元素含量与灰分呈不太显著的正相关关系（R=0.216）,表明煤中稀土元素可能以无机态和有机吸附态共存。     

淮南朱集井田二叠纪煤中稀土元素地球化学特征

采用电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱仪(ICP-OES),系统测定了淮南朱集井田二叠纪3个沉积组11个煤层371个煤样品的稀土元素含量。通过对煤中稀土元素地球化学参数分析,得出以下认识:朱集煤中稀土元素总量位于86×10-6～143×10-6范围内,平均值为112×10-6;稀土元素具有指相意义,靠近物源区的上、下石盒子组煤中稀土元素总量比远离物源区受陆表海影响的山西组煤分别高出38%和25%;上、下石盒子组及山西组煤中稀土元素分配模式总体属于轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型,轻稀土曲线段呈"右倾"趋势,重稀土曲线段则较为"平坦";样品δEu变化范围为0.52～0.80,平均值为0.59,Eu中度负异常,指示成煤沼泽受陆源碎屑影响较大;样品δCe变化范围为0.93～1.04,平均值为0.99,Ce含量无异常,指示成煤沼泽受海水影响较小;煤中稀土元素总量与煤中灰分呈不太显著的正相关关系(R=0.59),说明成煤过程中陆源碎屑物质所携带的部分稀土元素可能吸附在煤的有机质中。原煤X射线衍射图谱(XRD)和光学煤岩薄片显示煤中矿物以石英和粘土矿物为主,高岭石可能是稀土元素的无机载体。另外,稀土元素与陆源碎屑元素(Si、Al、Ti、Ni、Sc和Se等)相关性较好,而与海相元素(B、Sr和Ca)相关性不明显。     

淮南朱集井田二叠纪煤中稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质解释

采用电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱仪(ICP-OES),系统测定了淮南朱集井田二叠纪3个沉积组11个煤层371个煤样品的稀土元素含量.通过对煤中稀土元素地球化学参数分析,得出以下认识:朱集煤中稀土元素总量位于86×10-6～143×10-6范围内,平均值为112×10-6;稀土元素具有指相意义,靠近物源区的上、下石盒子组煤中稀土元素总量比远离物源区受陆表海影响的山西组煤分别高出38％和25％;上、下石盒子组及山西组煤中稀土元素分配模式总体属于轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型,轻稀土曲线段呈“右倾”趋势,重稀土曲线段则较为“平坦”;样品δEu变化范围为0.52～0.80,平均值为0.59,Eu中度负异常,指示成煤沼泽受陆源碎屑影响较大;样品δCe变化范围为0.93～1.04,平均值为0.99,Ce含量无异常,指示成煤沼泽受海水影响较小;煤中稀土元素总量与煤中灰分呈不太显著的正相关关系(R=0.59),说明成煤过程中陆源碎屑物质所携带的部分稀土元素可能吸附在煤的有机质中.原煤X射线衍射图谱(XRD)和光学煤岩薄片显示煤中矿物以石英和粘土矿物为主,高岭石可能是稀土元素的无机载体.另外,稀土元素与陆源碎屑元素(Si、A1、Ti、Ni、Sc和Se等)相关性较好,而与海相元素(B、Sr和Ca)相关性不明显.     

山西白额勘探区煤质特征分析

基于原始测试数据分析了山西白额勘探区石炭二叠纪各主要煤层煤质特征与成煤环境的关系。研究表明,区内主要可采煤层煤的显微组分均以镜质组为主,约占76％,惰质组约占19％。各煤层灰分产率总体为低-中灰煤,2、3号煤硫分属特低硫-中高硫,10号煤硫分为中高-高硫。成煤环境的水介质由咸水-半咸水-淡水,导致煤层原煤全硫及微量元素含量由下向上降低,同一煤层顶板附近煤中微量元素含量低于底板附近煤层。聚煤特征决定了煤中伴生元素的地球化学行为,使得区内煤中微量元素含量普遍较低,无明显伴生元素富集。     

华北晚古生代煤的稀土元素地球化学特征

采用仪器中子活化分析法(INAA)测定了华北晚古生代石炭纪-二叠纪58个煤及煤层夹矸和顶底板样品的稀土元素含量。通过对稀土元素地球化学特征的研究表明,华北晚古生代煤中稀土元素总量绝大多数变化于30×10~(-6)～80×10~(-6)之间,平均为56×10~(-6),属正常水平;靠近物源区的华北北部太原组比远离物源区并且受陆表海影响的华北南部太原组更加富集稀土元素;稀土元素总量还受煤中灰分所影响,与煤的灰分产率成正相关关系,尤其与<2μm的粘土矿物密切相关。这证明稀土元素在煤中的聚集过程中陆源物质起重要作用。煤中LREE明显富集,LREE/HREE一般在2～8之间,与高灰低硫煤相比,低灰高硫煤中其比值较低,该比值在顶底板岩石中达12以上,在黄铁矿结核中最高,达21,表明受海水影响的还原环境中HREE与有机质更具亲和力。稀土元素中普遍存在Eu亏损现象。在整个华北地区,正常煤层内的稀土元素分布模式十分相似,表明在华北晚古生代石炭纪-二叠纪成煤期间,保持有相对稳定的陆源物质供应。在低灰煤中,稀土元素主要由细粒的吸附灰分和生物灰分所承载,有机物质同时也吸附了一定比例的REE。受岩浆活动影响的煤其稀土元素总量最高,岩浆物质加入可以促使煤中稀土元素增加,并会导致稀土元素分布模式出现异常,同时常伴随有如U、W和A     

安徽二叠纪龙潭组煤中潜在毒害元素分布的因子分析研究

运用因子分析法对安徽二叠纪龙潭组煤层中S、Fe、As、CA、Se、Hg、Ti和Zn等的分布规律进行了研究,研究了这些潜在毒害元素的相关关系,并结合元素地球化学知识给出了这些元素在煤中赋存状态的信息。结果表明:煤层中Pb以方铅矿形式存在于煤中;As、Hg、Sb主要赋存于次生黄铁矿中;Zn和Se主要赋存于闪锌矿中;从元素地球化学性质上讲,Cd应赋存于闪锌矿中,但由于其在煤中的含量较低,造成分析数据的误差较大,从而掩盖了它与Zn之间的相关关系;Ti的赋存状态较为复杂。     

Characteristics of Coal Ashes in Yanzhou Mining District and Distribution of Trace Elements in Them

In the process of combustion of coal organic and inorganic materials in it will undergo a complex variation.Part of thew will become volatiles and,together with coal smoke,enter into atmosphere,some will remain in micro-particulates such as ash and dust and find their way into atmosphere in the form of solid particles,and the rest will be retained in ash and slag.Coal ashes are the residues of organic and inorganic substances in coal left after coal combustion and the compostition of coal ashes in dependent on that of minerals and organic matter in coal.This paper deals with the chemical composition of coal ashes,the distribution of trace elements in them and their petrological characteristics,and also studies the relationship between the yield of coal ashes and the distribution of trace elements.In addition,a preliminary study in also undertaken on the factors that affect the chemical composition of coal ashes.As viewed from the analyses of coal ash samples collected from the Yanzhou mining district,it can be seen clearly that coal ashes from the region studied are composed chiefly of crystalline materials,glassy materials and uncombusted organic matter and the major chemical compositions are SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,and CaO,as well as minor amounts of SO3,PWO5,Na2O,K2O and TiO2.During the combustion of coal,its trace elements will be redistributed and most of them are enriched in coal ashes.At the same time,the concentrations of the trace elements in flying ash are much higher than those of bottom ash,i.e.,with decreasing particle-size of coal ashes their concentrations will become higher and higher.So the contents of trace elements are negatively proportional to the particle-size of coal ashes.There has been found a positive correlation between the trace elements Th.V.Zn,Cu and Pb and the yield of coal ashes while a negative correlation between Cl and the yield of coal ashes.     

Geochemistry of high-temperature coal ashes and the sedimentary environment of the New South Wales coals, Australia

Chemical analyses of high-temperature coal ashes were used to establish the distribution, association and relationship between major inorganic elements such as Si, Al, Ti, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, P, S and CO₂ in a number of New South Wales economic coal seams and to study the composition and character of mineral matter in these coals. The methods used for the evaluation of the data were statistical analysis (univariate and bivariate), ratios, normative mineral composition and variation diagrams.The distribution of major and minor inorganic elements in coal appears to be related to the amount of mineral matter occurring in coal (determined as ash yield) and its mineralogical composition. The quantitative variations in levels of these elements can be classified as in-seam and inter-seam variations. In-seam variations are largely ash yield dependent, i.e. the levels of an element (wt.%) in coal increase along with the increase of its ash content (wt.%). The inter-seam variations are more complex and are related to both ash yield and to the mineralogical composition of mineral matter.The principal components of New South Wales coal ashes are silicon and aluminium. Silicon may be present as silica or combined with aluminium in different proportions to form clay minerals, such as kaolinite, illite, mixed-layer clay minerals, and smectite. Thus, the concentration levels of aluminium in relation to silicon in coal may give an indication about the character of clay minerals present in coal.Ratios and correlation coefficients of element pairs such as Al and Ti, Na and K, and Na and Al were used to determine differences in the chemical composition of high-temperature coal ashes of seams from various stratigraphic positions and provinces. In some seams the nature of associations of these elements is more significant than in others. This is interpreted as being a product of specific environmental conditions controlling the deposition of these seams.The nature of clay mineral content in coal is believed to be a major reason for chemical dissimilarities found between seams of various stratigraphic levels and geographic areas. For example, in some seams kaolinite, in others expandable clay minerals are dominant. The vertical distribution of these minerals has a stratigraphic significance. Within the Upper Permian Newcastle Coal Measures a trend from kaolinite-rich through to expandable minerals-rich and to kaolinite-rich assemblages can be observed from the bottom to the top. These changes are noticeably gradual.All significant variations in the clay mineral assemblages could relate to the long-term changes in the provenance of sedimentary material, weathering conditions in the source area and the rate of subsidence in the place of deposition. These changes are associated with major tectonic events controlling the history of sedimentation within the paralic Sydney and Gunnedah Basins during the Permian.     

煤及其燃烧产物飞灰和底灰中稀土元素地球化学特征及集散规律

采用ICP—MS法测试了褐煤、肥煤和无烟煤以及在不同燃烧条件下获取的飞灰、底灰等29个样品的稀土元素含量;分析了稀土元素地球化学特征。结果表明,不同煤种的稀土元素含量不同,相同煤种在不同燃烧条件下获取的飞灰、底灰中的稀土元素含量也不同;褐煤、肥煤、无烟煤及其燃煤产物飞灰、底灰的稀土元素分布模式呈左高右低的宽缓的“V”型曲线;Eu存在明显负异常。研究了燃煤过程中稀土元素的分布及集散规律,稀土元素在飞灰、底灰中的含量比原煤有明显提高,其增加幅度为几倍至20多倍不等,表明煤炭燃烧后稀土元素在飞灰、底灰中进一步聚集;飞灰和底灰中稀土元素含量、飞灰和底灰对煤的稀土元素含量比和富集因子以及飞灰对底灰的稀土元素含量比和富集因子等,不仅与原煤中稀土元素有直接关系,而且还受锅炉燃烧方式、燃烧温度(炉温)等人为因素的影响。     

煤中微量元素分布特征初步研究

 采自我国不同聚煤区的不同时代的89件煤样品,用中子活化分析法(INAA)分别测定了29种微量元素。据统计分析结果表明:(1)绝大多数微量元素的平均值高于世界的平均值,含量范围也较美国宽。我国各聚煤区不同时代间相比较,煤中大多数元素的平均含量和富集因数,从华南二叠纪至华北石炭—二叠纪到全国中-新生代逐渐降低。(2)中-新生代的煤中,元素间的相关性较好,华南二叠纪次之,而华北石炭—二叠纪的煤最差。(3)REE分布模式类型以中-新生代的煤最复杂;而华北石炭—二叠纪的煤较简单。     

Revisiting platinum group elements of Late Permian coals from western Guizhou Province, SW China

Twenty five coal samples from the Late Permian coal-bearing strata in Weining, Nayong, and Zhijin, western Guizhou Province, SW, China, were analyzed for platinum group elements (PGEs). The coal ashes were digested by the Carius tube technique and accurately measured by isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) for all PGEs. The results are much lower than the previous reported values. Our study suggested that the previously reported PGE values are incorrect and may due to the polyatomic interferences in ICP-MS measurements. In our study, samples from the Weining coalfield have the lowest PGE contents (from 0.019 Ir to 0.42 ng/g Pd), which represent the PGE background value in coal in western Guizhou province. Some of the coals have Pt and Pd contents about 20-times higher than the background value, indicating PGEs are concentrated. We also reported new and reliable PGE data and background value of coal in western Guizhou province, SW, China, and suggested to rework the PGE background values of Chinese coals.     

煤中微量元素分布特征初步研究

采自我国不同聚煤区的不同时代的89件煤样品,用中子活化分析法(INAA)分别测定了29种微量元素。据统计分析结果表明:(1)绝大多数微量元素的平均值高于世界的平均值,含量范围也较美国宽。我国各聚煤区不同时代间相比较,煤中大多数元素的平均含量和富集因数,从华南二叠纪至华北石炭—二叠纪到全国中-新生代逐渐降低。(2)中-新生代的煤中,元素间的相关性较好,华南二叠纪次之,而华北石炭—二叠纪的煤最差。(3)REE分布模式类型以中-新生代的煤最复杂;而华北石炭—二叠纪的煤较简单。     

Geochemistry of Permian Coal and Its Combustion Residues in Huainan Coalfield, China

INTRODUCTIONMany environmental problems may arise during coal min-ing and utilization. Among these prob1ems, much attention hasbeen paid to S(), and NO. emission during coal combustion.But the environmental effects produced by hazardous elementsduring coal mining and utilization are also important and de-serve to be studied (Goodazi, 1995; Finkelman, 1993; Valk-ovic, l983). For example, when coal wastes are used for landreclamation, the harmful elements in them may pollute water,soil an…