桃花吐短水准干扰因素的再研究

在桃花吐短水准流动资料干扰因素研究的基础上,对该点台站水准观测资料作了排除干扰,提取异常信息研究。认为地下水位和冻土深度变化是该点跨断层测线高差变化的主要干扰源;该点水准趋势,短期异常不明显。对基岩标的抗干扰能力,干扰排除的复杂性等作了讨论。     

安丘台台站水准观测高差与场地周围水位关系的探讨

通过安丘台台站水准观测高差与场地周围三处水井地下水位数据的对比分析,研究探讨地下水位的变化对水准观测高差的影响。通过一元线性回归分析、水位差分、绘制同轴对比图等方法分析断层两侧地下水位的变化对水准高差的影响。     

山西代县地震台流动水准异常变化调查与分析

2013年4月代县地震台观测的茶房口流动水准、眉音口流动水准、大石口流动水准、小磨流动水准测线测量结果较2013年2月变化大.经异常落实,认为代县地震台2013年4月4条测线测量结果变化较大与本期更换新标尺有关,且高差大的测线累积差变化较大,高差小的测线累积差变化较小.     

关于安丘地震台台站水准中测站高差的分析探讨

通过总结台站水准测量过程中影响测站高差的常见因素及影响测线高差的常见环境因素,绘制安丘地震台台站水准各测站高差在不同时期的曲线图,分析各测站在不同时期内的变化规律;并通过计算各测站高差与整条测线高差的相关系数,来分析探讨各测站高差与测线高差之间的关系,为将来落实异常时提供参考,也有利于研究观测场地的沉降变化。     

用GNSS连续资料确定水准网速率基准的探讨

精密水准测量资料研究地壳垂直变形,尤其是捕捉中长期地震前兆信息,是一种有效的手段.但基准问题一直是有待解决的重点、难点问题.长期以来,用精密水准复测资料研究地壳变形一直受到几个因素的困扰:首先,基准问题不好解决,以往确定基准一般均是单纯依靠水准测量本身确定基准,但由于水准测量只是一种测定高差的相对测量,在确定形变时不得不采用一些假定(或者假定一个不动点、如在被认为地质构造上稳定的地区建立一个或数个基岩水准点,认为这些基岩水准点是稳定不变的,计算时假定该点速率为零,或者假定一个不动面,例如借助“相对稳定度的概念”,找出相对稳定的参考点假定它们的平均面是不动的,作为基准)而所有水准点实际上都是在变动的(实际情况就是如此),那么这种变动直接影响所得结果的真实性;二是水准测量的误差随着推算路线很快地积累起来,于是在推算路线较长的时候,所求得的垂直运动速率误差变得大到不可接受,以至于所求得的变形量可信度很低,甚至不可信;三是由于基准的确定受到上述试图找到相对不动点的限制,往往会使这些相对不动点局限于构造相对稳定地区,从而使得整个研究区得到垂直变形信息的精度相当不均匀,影响了我们对形变态势的分析和判断.     

台站水难测量精度及精度公式讨论

现行衡量台站水准精度的唯一指标,是测站往返高差中数中误差M_站=0.11mm。并以此指标计算各站、测段及环的观测允许限差。例如测段往返高差不符值:W_h=±0.44N~(1/2),环闭合差为±0.22N~(1/2)。多年来,从我省各台站实测成果统计,我们发现这一精度指标偏低,实测成果精度大多高于此指标。同时我们认为现行台站规范中计算测站往返测高差中数中误差的公式尚不能真实反映测站高差精度,有商榷讨论之必要。     

利用不规则载荷模型分析马家岭流动水准异常

通过环境调查等手段,收集整理马家岭水准观测场地周边环境变化参数及岩土力学参数,运用不规则二维载荷模型计算荷载引起的水准高差变化。结果显示,霍山大峡谷漂流场地停车场的建设对马家岭水准观测有一定影响,影响量约为0.77mm,与实际观测高差0.70mm接近,研究结果从定量模拟的角度证实了马家岭流动水准异常为环境荷载变化引起的地面高差变化。     

也谈台站水准测量精度评定问题

《地震》1983年第五期刊登了《台站水准测量精度及精度公式讨论》(下简称《讨论》)一文,文中对现行台站水准规范有关的精度评定公式及限差进行了讨论,认为现行台站规范关于水准测站高差中数中误差的公式     

谢坊场地流动跨断层短水准异常分析

采用ANSYS有限元法,研究载荷变化对谢坊场地流动跨断层短水准4—3测段垂直位移的影响。数值模拟结果表明,该测段高差变化由水准点XF4J附近施工所挖土坑引起,并非地震前兆异常,为该形变场异常核实提供了依据。     

临汾短水准变化特征

水准观测的高差变化量是一种众多信息的混合,如何分离形变信息,判断导常是成果分析的主要问题。本文运用最小二乘拟合,对我台三苹来的观测成果进行了滤波处理,并根据测线高差变化的自检性,讨论了它的物理意义。结果表明,测线中的某些土层点受外界干扰较严重,但高差的变化特征基本上能体现断层活动的趋势。     

气温变化对唐山地震台跨断层形变观测的影响

利用三维热一弹性模型有限元方法,模拟了唐山地震台及其周边地区在地表温度呈不同幅度的周期性变化的情况下,对台站短基线观测的影响,并对由于地表温度变化产生的应变进行了估算.计算结果表明,由于温度差异造成的观测桩距离的年变化幅度达到2mm左右,这与目前台站观测数据的年变化幅度基本一致,表明台站观测数据包含了温度的重要影响.另外,台站各基线桩的位移序列相对于温度变化滞后了1 ～1.5个月的时间.同时发现,台站短基线各测段的实际观测数据存在着同步的趋势性变化,这不是稳定年变化的温度变化能解释的,因此这种趋势变化可能与局部应力场调整或者断层活动有关.     

Subsidence of Surtsey volcano, 1967–1991

The Surtsey marine volcano was built on the southern insular shelf of Iceland, along the seaward extension of the east volcanic zone, during episodic explosive and effusive activity from 1963 to 1967. A 1600-m-long, east-west line of 42 bench marks was established across the island shortly after volcanic activity stopped. From 1967 to 1991 a series of leveling surveys measured the relative elevation of the original bench marks, as well as additional bench marks installed in 1979, 1982 and 1985. Concurrent measurements were made of water levels in a pit dug on the north coast, in a drill hole, and along the coastline exposed to the open ocean. These surveys indicate that the dominant vertical movement of Surtsey is a general subsidence of about 1.1±0.3 m during the 24-year period of observations. The rate of subsidence decreased from 15–20 cm/year for 1967–1968 to 1–2 cm/year in 1991. Greatest subsidence is centered about the eastern vent area. Through 1970, subsidence was locally greatest where the lava plain is thinnest, adjacent to the flanks of the eastern tephra cone. From 1982 onward, the region closest to the hydrothermal zone, which is best developed in the vicinity of the eastern vent, began showing less subsidence relative to the rest of the surveyed bench marks. The general subsidence of the island probably results from compaction of the volcanic material comprising Surtsey, compaction of the sea-floor sediments underlying the island, and possibly downwarping of the lithosphere due to the laod of Surtsey. The more localized early downwarping near the eastern tephra cone is apparently due to greater compaction of tephra relative to lava. The later diminished local subsidence near the hydrothermal zone is probably due to a minor volume increase caused by hydrous alteration of glassy tephra. However, this volume increase is concentrated at depth beneath the bottom of the 176-m-deep cased drillhole.     

Twelve years of ground-tilt measurements on the Soufriere of St. Vincent, 1977–1989

Five ground-tilt stations were established on the flanks of the Soufriere of St. Vincent; two in 1977, two in 1980, and one in 1983. Four of these stations have survived; two consist of lines oriented radially to the volcano, and the other two consist of cross-shaped arrays. Collectively, this network showed that the volcano inflated gradually before the eruption of 1979 and then deflated rapidly during the eruption and for about a year after it had ended. The volcano then reinflated during much of 1981 and inflated only slightly, if at all, during the 7-year period 1982–1989. The measured amount of ground tilt from 1977 to 1989 was relatively small; the maximum recorded change of radial tilt at a station 6.5 km from the summit of the volcano totaled about 20 rad. Local seismicity correlates well with measured ground deformation: numerous earthquakes accompanied the 1979–1981 deflation/inflation cycle; relatively few earthquakes occurred during the 1982–1989 period of little or no ground deformation. In the hope that the experience we have gained might be of use to others who are considering a program of ground-tilt monitoring on volcanoes elsewhere in the humid tropics, we describe many practical aspects of our program that have evolved over the years. For example: (1) stainless steel bench marks cemented into solid bedrock appear to be stable for at least 12 years, (2) bench marks can be located in concrete-filled drums where bedrock is absent, (3) bench marks should be concealed to protect them from vandalism, (4) care must be exercised where sight lines graze the ground (<0.5 m), and (5) automatic levels are preferable because of their efficiency of operation, especially with inexperienced personnel.     

天津滨海新区潜在淹没区发展趋势研究

本文利用2006年以前天滓地面沉降监测资料和塘沽、汉沽地区潜在淹没区RTK加密观测资料,以水准监测点为基本研究对象,深入分析研究了每个测点随时间的沉降变化规律,进而“以点带面”绘制了2005年和2011年天津滨海新区地面沉降速率等值线图。同时,还绘制了2005年塘沽、汉沽地区潜在淹没区地面标高等值线分布图,以及预测的2011年塘沽、汉沽地区潜在淹没区的时空分布和面积。最后,提出了应对地面沉降的相关建议,以供政府控制地面沉降时参考。     

水准标志沉降的分析计算

地面荷载的变化，引起了垂直附加应力的变化，通过弹性理论中应变应力的关系，确定了水准标志沉降量的积分表达式，并用梯形法近似地求出。同时，进行了误差估计。     

Numerical Hydrodynamic 2D-Simulation of the Inundation of Tulun Town on the Iya R. during Flood 2019

Water Resources - Detail 3D digital elevation model with a high-accuracy efficient software for 2D-modeling STREAM 2D CUDA and actual data on high-water marks and the dynamics of water level...     

地震事件波形及震相文件抽取软件

手工收集地震数据费时费力,容易出错。利用 VB 软件开发环境,结合 Windows Socket 网络编程技术,研制地震事件波形及震相文件抽取软件,可以降低人为出错概率,减小工作量,提高测震数据的利用率。     

基于Matlab的一维电测深正反演可视化软件设计

基于Matlab设计一款一维电测深正反演可视化软件,主要包括正演拟合、直接反演和影响系数计算等功能。该软件界面简洁友好,反演速度快,结果误差小。该软件的使用,可为科研工作提供更加可靠的电性结构模型。     

电磁勘探数据粗大误差处理的一种新方法

由于存在各种地电干扰,电磁法勘探采集到的原始电场数据中往往包含粗大误差.电磁法勘探中信号量的测量与传统的精密测量在误差来源与特点、测量值分布等方面均存在较大差异.经试验,对电磁勘探采集到的原始电场数据采用传统的莱伊达、格拉布斯、狄克逊等准则进行粗大误差的自动判别和剔除,处理效果不好;采用Robust估计和中值滤波方法,也不能达到满意的效果;采用手工方式挑拣剔除粗大误差,处理效率太低,均不能满足电磁勘探数据预处理的要求.作者提出了一种自适应双向均方差阈值法实现电磁勘探数据粗大误差的自动判别和剔除,此方法对采集到的原始电场数据样本进行排序后,采用迭代或递归的方式,每次均以中点为界分别计算前后两部分数据的均方差,将较大的一个与预先设置的均方差阈值进行比较,若其大于阈值,则判断粗大误差存在于相应的一端,进而剔除相应端端点位置的数据点;若前后均方差值都小于阈值或样本数量小于3个时算法结束.此方法具有自适应优化、阈值参数化控制、适应小样本数据以及计算简单效率高等特点.大量实验结果表明:在选取均方差阈值在30至90范围内时(经验值),能够有效地剔除电磁勘探原始电场数据中的粗大误差,保留最可信数据.目前已在多个实际勘探生产项目中应用此方法处理粗大误差,取得了令人满意的处理效果.     

Simulating Errors in Statistical Tests of Leachate-lmpacted Ground-Water Quality

Data on 13 median leachate qualities at 56 landfills show a multivariate character, A simulation technique is used to include this multivariate character of leachate quality in assessing false negative error rates for statistical tests of ground-water quality. Although the technique makes gross simplifying assumptions regarding the conservative mixing of leachate and ground water, the technique is more appropriate than traditional statistical methods for simulating false negative error rates that neglect correlations among water quality parameters. The technique is applied to the simple case of a control chart, intrawell statistical test of ground-water contamination. Simulation results show that both the false positive and false negative errors of statistical tests can be reduced when tests include more parameters and a higher confidence level; thus, the technique can provide a “win-win” situation for regulators and the regulated.