沉积地层中成矿作用的碳同位素特征和含矿缺氧盆地成因新观点

沉积盆地内地层中碳的来源,根据其碳,氧同位素特征可归纳为：海洋沉积碳酸盐碳,生物碳,热解非生物成因碳,大气淡水方解石碳和热卤水系统中的无机碳。热水成因的金矿及喷气－沉积矿床中的碳都具有深源成因的无机碳。深部含无机碳的热流体喷溢到海洋底部可以解释为扩张盆地底部形成的缺氧环境和含矿黑色页岩的主导原因。     

新疆苏吉泉石墨矿床成因的碳同位素证据

新疆苏吉泉石墨矿床产在海西期花岗岩体中，矿石具十分独特的球状构造，石墨的δ１３Ｃ值分布范围为－２０．５‰－２３．９‰，平均值为－２２．０‰，表明该石墨矿床碳质的有机成因。围岩中特别是中石碳统的含碳沉积岩被海西中期花岗岩岩浆同化，使碳质聚集并重结晶成石墨。     

广东长坑金银矿床硅质岩中的放射虫化石及生物化石残迹

在广东长坑金银矿床的主要含金岩石碳质硅质岩巾两次找到放射虫化石,其时代可能属于早石炭世。在这些碳质硅质岩中还发现一些生物化石残迹．如石英环、石英圈、石英单晶球、石英多晶球、生物残体和似生物结构。由此认为碳质硅质岩原来含有一定量的微体生物化石．形成于海盆环境,应属沉积成因,这是证明碳质硅质岩属于热水沉积成因而不属于热液蚀变交代成因的有力证据;也表明热水沉积过程有生物物质的加入,热水沉积和生物沉积可以混合发生,说明长坑金银矿床形成手张性、不补偿、水较深的盆地之中。对长坑盒银矿床的矿区含矿地层应泼归属的岩石地层单位提出了疑问。     

沉积地层中成矿作用的碳同位素特征和含矿缺氧盆地成因新观点

沉积盆地内地层中碳的来源 ,根据其碳、氧同位素特征可归纳为 :海洋沉积碳酸盐碳、生物碳、热解非生物成因碳、大气淡水方解石碳和热卤水系统中的无机碳。热水成因的金矿及喷气 沉积矿床中的碳都具有深源成因的无机碳。深部含无机碳的热流体喷溢到海洋底部可以解释为扩张盆地底部形成的缺氧环境和含矿黑色页岩的主导原因     

南沙海洋和甘南沼泽现代沉积物中单个脂肪酸碳同位素组成及其成因

应用气相色谱－同位素质谱在线分析技术，分析了现代沉积物中单个脂肪酸碳同位素组成，研究了不同碳数脂肪酸碳同位素组成与其生物源之间的关系，探讨了脂肪酸的成因，从而找到了一种研究脂肪酸成因的新途径。     

穆棱县光义石墨矿地质特征及成因浅析

穆棱县光义石墨矿为中型矿床,本文概述了该矿床的矿区地质特征,含矿层位,含矿变质岩,矿体规模,矿石类型,矿物及化学成份等.认为光义石墨矿碳质来源为生物有机碳,其成因类型属沉积变质型矿床.     

内蒙古大乌淀石墨矿地质特征与成因探讨

大乌淀石墨矿是近年来在狼山—白云鄂博裂谷带内新发现的超大型石墨矿床,矿体赋存于白云鄂博岩群尖山岩组一段。文章在分析成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿石矿物赋存状态及特征等基础上,对矿床成因进行了探讨,并总结其成矿模式。研究表明:大乌淀石墨矿含矿岩性,主要为各类红柱石石墨片岩;碳质来源为生物有机碳;矿床成因为经区域浅变质后又叠加接触变质的多成因层控矿床。大乌淀石墨矿的成矿作用可概括为原生碳沉积富集,无定型碳热变质转变为石墨核晶;碳硅有机热液交代石墨核晶形成鳞片状石墨的成矿作用过程。     

老厂海洋山铅锌成矿作用模式

老厂海洋山产于寒琥－奥陶系与泥盆系不整合面之下的铅锌矿床,形成条件复杂,矿床成因独特。研究表明：该区铅锌矿床产于砂页岩古风化壳中由“生物－热卤水”成矿作用形成,成矿作用始于地下水,生物作用矿化预富集期,主要成矿作用发生在热卤水作用矿化叠加富集期。     

铅硐山一带泥盆系含矿地层的沉积相

本文详细地论述了秦岭铅硐山－手搬崖－银洞梁泥盆系铅锌矿床含矿地层的沉积特征，首次提出含矿地层为低能潮坪－湖相的碳酸盐沉积，并详细划分为潮下湖、低能潮间、生物礁、滩等沉积相，为本区今后矿床成因的深入研究提供了新的基础地质资料。     

麻粒岩区中金与石墨的伴生关系及其矿床成因意义

斯里兰卡金矿点与石墨矿床密切伴生，在成因上也有关系。在脉状石墨的石英－石墨边缘有金属聚集。富ＣＯ２流休的运移，石墨的形成和金浓度之间密切相关。虽然富ＣＯ２流体很可能是形成石墨的“碳的载体”，但ＣＯ２的原始来源仍有争议。热水深液与石墨接触有利于涤化碳，从而为金的富集提供了场所。石墨脉与金沉淀之间的成因联系对高级变质岩区矿床成因的研究和金矿勘探有着实际意义。     

Conditions of oil source potential formation in the Eocene deposits in the basins of the Crimea and Caucasus regions

The article is dedicated to multidisciplinary studies of organic matter (OM) in Eocene deposits. In the Ciscaucasia region, the mean content of organic carbon in the Kumian deposits is high. A decrease in quality is partly related to the approaching of the displacement source. In the investigated regions of Ciscaucasia and Crimea, hydrogen sulfide contamination of the water column in Eocene basins did not exist. Eocene carbon deposits are characterized by increased and high OM oil source potential. A sharp increase in primary biological production is likely to be related to endogenous processes.     

我国藻菌生物成因的金矿研究

生物成矿作用分为生物直接成矿作用和生物间接成矿作用,生物直接成矿作用的标志结构为生物有机胶体结构。生物间接成矿作用的标志结构为“矿交代生物”结构,我国陕西二台子－半仓沟金矿,四川东北寨金矿、川甘拉尔玛金矿和云南金厂金矿等均为典型为实例,矿石中普遍含有多种金属矿物生物结构,还含多种生物有机组分。成矿物质具有多源性特征,硫同位素具混合型特征,矿床成型机制可与“人工碳吸附系统”聚金机制相类比,含金层位可     

On Biochemical Formation of Salt Deposits

A water/salt system in an evaporative environment is both a physicochemical region and a biological one. All the parameters of the system, such as the salinity, temperature and CO2 partial pressure, are affected by halo-philic bacteria. The system controls salt deposition but is modified by an accompanying ecological system; therefore it should be called a water/salt/biological system. Salt minerals result from accumulation of the remains of bacteria/algae, namely, bacteria/algae formation; whereas biological, biophysical and biochemical processes provide full evidence for organic involvement. Consequently, salt deposits should not be called purely chemical but biological/chemical ones. This new argument supplements and develops the traditional idea and helps perfect the mineralization theory of salts and even general deposits, thus giving guidance to prospecting for salt deposits.     

“岩浆热场”说及其成矿意义(下)

上篇(张旗等[1])初步讨论了岩浆热场说的概念,本文为下篇,主要谈应用,探讨它与成矿作用的关系。研究表明,岩浆热场说对热液成矿作用有重要的意义,可能解决了岩浆热液成矿作用中许多很难解释和争议很大的问题:如钨锡与金铜为什么相伴的问题,矿床为什么大多是多金属成矿的问题,远离侵入体的夕卡岩成因问题,成矿为什么滞后于花岗岩的问题,为什么有些岩体成矿,有些岩体不成矿的问题,为什么大规模岩浆活动与大规模成矿作用息息相关的问题等。岩浆热场与煤和油气成藏有关是一个重要的发现。岩浆热场对煤和油气生成、运移、聚集的影响主要表现在加速烃源岩的热演化,使生油门限变浅,使烃源岩进入高成熟或过成熟,使烃源岩中残余有机质丰度降低。令人感兴趣的是,岩浆热场说还导出了一个"成矿组合"的概念,所谓成矿组合是指在一个或大或小的区域内,在岩浆活动集中的时间段范围内,在热场的统一作用下所形成和影响的所有矿床,不论成因和矿种,均属于一个成矿组合。它包括下述4种类型的矿床:岩浆热液矿床、热泉型矿床、层状热液矿床及生物有机质矿床等。岩浆热场说对于找矿也有启示:首先,我们可以从3个不同的级别上(大规模岩浆活动级别;成矿带、成矿区、矿集区级别;单个矿床级别)规划找矿布局;其次,在岩浆热场的统一影响下将金属矿床和非金属矿床、热液矿床和沉积矿床、无机质矿床和有机质矿床联系起来;第三,推进不同类型矿床研究的互补和交流。看来,岩浆热场对于成矿的作用是最值得学术界关注的,它也许可以改变我们目前对成矿作用的某些根深蒂固的认识,开拓出一个新的领域,推进矿床学研究进入新的时代。     

钒矿床研究进展与展望

钒是工业国家重点关注和争夺的资源,已被部分国家列为关键金属。本文对矿床类型、地质特征、时空分布以及成矿机制等方面进行了系统总结和分析,以期丰富钒成矿理论研究,为提高钒资源的预测和勘查效率提供支撑,为钒资源储备提供保障。研究发现,钒矿床主要分为岩浆型和沉积型,其中岩浆型钒矿床（主要指钒钛磁铁矿床）成矿与铁镁质–超铁镁质岩及部分斜长岩侵位密切相关,成矿年龄与成岩年龄一致,钒可能来自上地幔并在岩浆演化过程中结晶析出赋存于含钒钛磁铁矿中;沉积型钒矿床多形成于黑色岩系及部分砂岩中,成矿多集中于上寒武世,钒可能来自海水和赋矿围岩,由于氧化还原电位降低,以吸附和类质同象等形式赋存于有机质和硅酸盐矿物中。同时,钒矿床的成因研究存在较多问题,如成矿物质钒的来源、迁移过程、赋存形式及富集条件等。笔者建议在今后研究中通过分析钒化学行为、围岩沉积物理–化学–生物条件及岩浆演化的地质动力背景来解析钒矿床成因机制。     

Sedimentation, depositional environment and diagenesis of Eocene biosiliceous deposits in Gafsa basin (southern Tunisia)

The sedimentary rocks of the Metlaoui Formation in the Gafsa basin (southern Tunisia), which may be grouped in three units: the basal (Thèlja), middle (Chouabine) and upper unit (Kef Eddour), provide a record of preserved sedimentary, authigenic and biological processes. This paper presents the findings of sedimentological investigations of the biosiliceous deposits of the middle unit. This unit contains either well-preserved (Opal-A) or diagenetically altered (Opal-CT, clinoptilolite, quartz and even clays) diatom frustules. Such diagenetic changes are commonly described in marine and lacustrine biosiliceous deposits. The fossil content of theses diatomaceous layers implies shallow-marine conditions.The opal-rich sediments, and the associated facies record the transgressive transitions associated with high organic productivity, probably enhanced by seasonal input of nutrients, and high sea level stands, and a close association with stratified water column conditions. The formation of bedded diatomaceous sediments is known to require either high organic productivity or anoxic conditions in bottom/intermediate water, and eventually both processes. The initial organic content of the biogenic deposits was impoverished in early stages of sedimentation and diagenesis. A large part of the organic matter could have been destroyed during early diagenetic processes and from further oxidation in outcrops.     

有机质-铀矿床中铀产出形式的电子探针研究

在富含有机质的油矿石中,铀的产出形式往往不易查清。笔者以电子探针显微分析技术为主要研究手段,辅以放射性照相、X射线粉晶分析及其它的物理、光学和化学等测试方法,对我国南方5个重要的(含)有机质铀矿床进行研究,确定了各矿床原生工业铀矿物的存在及其产出特征,进一步查明了各矿床中铀的赋存状态。在本文研究的所有矿床的富含有机质铀矿石标本中,电子探针均查出有原生铀矿物沥青铀矿和铀石存在。在各矿床中,细小铀矿物多成集合体分布在有机质条带内或以不规则浸染状产于煤岩中,也有的铀矿物呈胶结物形式产出。此外,还见有铀矿物同黄铁矿或白硒铁矿(FeSe_2)一起充填于古植物细胞腔内的现象。     

措勤盆地下白垩统郎山组生物礁的平面分布特征及意义探讨

措勤盆地生物礁的分布有一定规律性,现今发现的8个生物礁剖面均分布于且坎-古昌-罗波-当穹错断裂两侧。结合该断裂带出现的放射虫硅质岩沉积和火山岩堆积,推测该断裂带不仅为控相断裂,而且曾经有深水沉积,由于后期的再次活动而消失于断裂带内部。断裂带两侧的生物礁应为台地边缘礁。     

Sediment dispersal and organic carbon preservation in a dynamic mudstone‐dominated system,Juana Lopez Member,Mancos Shale

A balance between primary production, rates of sediment accumulation or dilution, and biological or diagenetic destruction has long been considered a key control on organic carbon preservation in modern offshore marine environments. Additionally, current understanding of sediment transport processes in offshore environments has advanced in the last decade to include variable energy and dynamic mechanisms, requiring a re‐evaluation of ancient deposits in these systems. The Juana Lopez Member of the Mancos Shale preserves organic carbon‐rich mudstone interbedded and interlaminated with sandstone that records high energy traction flow conditions. Core, outcrop and geochemical data from the Juana Lopez Member were used to elucidate sediment provenance and processes controlling organic carbon preservation and distribution in this mudstone‐dominated system. Five dominant lithofacies with varying grain size, sedimentary fabrics, composition and grain origins were differentiated and were deposited in three main environments: the prodelta, fringe zone and low angle offshore ramp. Basal deposits of the Juana Lopez Member consist of siliceous sandstone‐dominated, heterolithic deposits with characteristic sedimentary structures (for example, current ripples and normal grading) that indicate offshore‐directed underflows, or hyperpycnites, delivered from the updip Ferron/Frontier deltaic system. In the upper portion of the Juana Lopez Member, a compositional change to biogenic carbonate‐rich sandstone and mudstone is interpreted to be as a result of increased accommodation in central Utah (USA), associated base‐level rise and shoreline‐parallel sediment transport. Non‐parallel laminated, organic carbon‐rich mudstone is preserved throughout the Juana Lopez Member. Depositional fabrics and trace element signatures suggest that these deposits are the result of dynamic conditions at the sea floor and in the oxic to suboxic water column, further challenging the notion that organic‐bearing mudstone is deposited solely through suspension settling in anoxic waters. Punctuated delivery of organic carbon laden sediment from mixed terrestrial and marine sources resulted in an event‐bed style of organic carbon deposition and preservation.     

有机碳和有机分子碳同位素的地球化学意义

有机碳和有机分子碳同位素组成的研究不仅在沉积地层对比，油－油，油－源对比研究方向发挥了独特作用，而且在古气候，古环境研究方面更具有广阔的应用剪影。开展对全球气候变化及全球碳循环有重要意义的有机碳碳同位素组成及分布研究和对生物演化，恢复古生态，古环境有重要意义的化石及沉积物中有机分子的碳同位素成及分布研究已势在必行。